CALCULUS II

TUTORIAL 3 ALL COHORTS 9 SEPTEMBER 2022

1. TRIGONOMETRIC TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

We consider integrals of the form,

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 cos 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 , where 𝑚 and 𝑛 are positive integers.

1. i ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √sin 𝑥 cos5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. i. ∫ sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ cos 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ tan3 𝑥 sec 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3.i. ∫ 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ cos 3 𝑥 sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ cos4 𝑥 sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4.i. ∫ √sin 𝑥 cos3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ tan3 𝑥 sec 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

5.i.∫ sin 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ sin4 𝑥 cos 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ cos6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
6.i. ∫ cos4 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ tan2 2 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ tan4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

7.i. ∫ tan4 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii.∫ sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ sin 5𝑥 sin 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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8.i.∫ cos 4𝑥 cos 9𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii.∫ √1 − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−sin 2𝑥

cos3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
9.i. ∫ 1−sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii.∫ 1−sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

10.i. ∫ tan2 𝑥 sec 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii.∫ cot 2 𝑥 csc 2 𝑥 iii. ∫ tan5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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2. TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION

Expression Trigonometric Substitution Interval Identity

𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 −𝜋 𝜋 1 − sin2 𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃

√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ≤𝜃≤
2 2

𝑥 = 𝑎 tan 𝜃 −𝜋 𝜋 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃

√𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ≤𝜃≤
2 2

𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃 𝜋 𝜋 sec 2 𝜃 − 1 = tan2 𝜃

√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝜃𝜖 [0, ) ∪ ( , 𝜋]
2 2

1 1 √𝑥 2 −25
1.i. ∫ 2 √4−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

2. i. ∫ cos 𝑥 sin4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ cos3 𝑥 sin4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ cos2 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

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3. i.∫ tan 𝑥 sec 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 𝑥 tan3 (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑥 2 √9−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥2 𝑥3
4. i. ∫ 2 √16−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √16−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √9−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥+1
5. i. ∫ √4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √𝑥 2 −9 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √4+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥n n

𝑥3 𝑥 2
6. i. ∫ √1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √𝑥 2 +4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √4𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
7. i. ∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √16 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √10+2𝑥+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 𝑥3
8. i. ∫ 𝑥 3 √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √16−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √9−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

√4𝑥 2 −9 √𝑥 2 −4 1
9. i. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ √4+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2

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10. i. ∫ cos 2 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ √𝑥 2 −6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑥 3 √8 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

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3. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

Re-write the following by completing the square

1.i. x2 − 4x + 8 ii. − x2 + 2 x + 8 iii. x2 − 6 x

2.ii. x2 + 2 x + 1 ii. x 2 + 4 x − 12 iii. 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥

Evaluate the following integrals by completing the square

dx dx dx
3i. x 2
+ x +1
ii. x 2
+ 2x + 2
iii. x 2
− x +1

dx xdx dx
4i.  6 x − x2
ii. x 2
+ 8 x + 20
iii. x 2
− 6 x + 13

dx dx 𝑑𝑥
5i.  4x − x 2
ii. x 2
+ 10 x + 16
iii. ∫
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3

Use Integration by Partial Fractions to integrate the given functions

( x + 4) x3 + 2 1
6.i. x 2
− 5x + 6
dx ii.  x3 − x dx iii.  ( x − 3)( x − 2) dx

x x2 + 1 1
7.i.  ( x − 3)( x − 2) dx ii.  ( x )( x + 1)( x + 2) dx iii. x 3
−x
dx

3x + 1 3x + 1 3x 2
8.i.  x 2 dx ii.  ( x − 1) 2
dx iii.  x2 + 1 dx

1 x 1
9.i.  x ( x − 1) dx
2
ii. x 2
−4
dx iii. x 2
−1
dx

x−2 dx dx
10.i. x 2
+x
dx ii.  5 − 4x iii.  5− x 2

dx xdx 2x2 + 1
11.i.  x2 − 9 ii.  ( x + 2 )( x + 3) iii.  ( x −1)( x − 2)( x − 3)dx

dx x 2 dx xdx
12. i.  1 − 6 x + 9 x2 ii.  x2 + x − 2 iii.  3x 2
+ 8x − 3

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4. SOME APPLICATION PROBLEMS
−t
1. After t seconds, an object is moving with velocity te 2
meters per second. Express

the position of the object as a function of time.

2. After t hours on the job, a factory worker can produce 100te −0.5t units per hour. How

many units does the worker produce during the first 3 hours?

3. After t weeks, contributions in response to a local fund-raising campaign were

coming in at the rate of 2, 000te−0.2t dollars per week. How much money was raised

during the first 5 weeks?

4. It is projected that t years from now the population of a certain city will be changing

at the rate of t ln t + 1 thousand people per year. If the current population is 2

million, what will the population be 5 years from now?

5. The population P ( t ) (thousands) of a bacterial colony t hours after the introduction

of a toxin is changing at the rate P ( t ) = (1 − 0.5t ) e0.5t thousand bacteria per hour.

By how much does the population change during the fourth hour?

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