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SIM Statistics
SIM Statistics
MATERIAL IN GRADE 11
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
RICHARD R. RAQUEÑO
C. Enrichment Card---
D. Assessment Card---
E. Reference Card----
F. Answer Key----------
Computes for the confidence interval estimate based on the appropriate form of
the estimator for the population mean.
Specific Objectives:
Introduction:
When we describe population values, we want to be confident about our
estimates. Other than the poin estimate, we can use a range of values. This range
of values is called interval estimate. You will learn more about estimates in this
lesson.
This material helps you to understand confidence interval estimates for the
population mean.
We will discuss confidence level and confidence interval. We will also apply the
normal curve concepts in computing the confidence interval estimates.
TEACH YOURSELF
Just like what the saying goes, “AN APPLE A DAY, MAKES THE DOCTOR
AWAY.”
Making notes and information about the topic will help you understand better
the lesson.
TAKE NOTE:
where the Tabular Value depends on the sampling distribution of the point
estimator.
• In particular, for the population mean, the point estimator is the sample mean
while the standard error of the sample mean will be used in the computation.
With a known population variance, 2 and sample size, n the standard error
of the sample mean is computed as a ratio of the standard deviation (square
root of the variance) and the square root of the same size or mathematically,
𝜎
⁄ 𝑛.
√
• Also, since the population variance is known the sampling distribution of the
sample mean will follow the standard normal distribution or the Z
distribution. This would mean that the tabular value would come from the Z-
distribution table. Usually, we use the notation Z/2 as a tabular value in the
Z-distribution table whose area to its right is equal to /2.
OR
𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
𝑋̅ ∓ (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) or 𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
√𝑛 √𝑛 √𝑛
where 𝑋̅ is the sample mean computed from a simple random sample of size
𝜎
n. The lower limit of the interval is 𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) while the upper limit is 𝑋̅ +
√𝑛
𝜎
(𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ).
√𝑛
• In the general formula for determining the interval estimate for the parameter
µ, the value
𝜎
𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) is called the lower confidence boundary or limit and the 𝑋̅ +
√𝑛
𝜎
(𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) is called the upper confidence boundary or limit.
√𝑛
• For a 90% confidence interval 𝑍𝛼⁄2 = + 1.65; for a 95% confidence interval 𝑍𝛼⁄2=
+ 1.96 and for for a 90% confidence interval 𝑍𝛼⁄2= + 2.58.
Solution:
Determine the confidence interval.
a. Determine the confidence The confidence level is 95%.
level.
b. Determine the confidence The confidence coefficient is 1.96
coefficient.
𝜎
c. Find the maximum error E. E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 × 𝑛
√
0.5
= 1.96 ×
√50
= 1.96 × 0.07
= 0.14
d. Find the lower and the upper 𝜎 𝜎
𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
confidence limits. √𝑛 √𝑛
0.5 0.5
𝑋̅ − (1.96 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (1.96 × )
√50 √50
3 – 0.14 to 3 + 0.14
2.86 to 3.14
e. Describe the results. Thus, we can say with 95% confidence
that the interval between 2.86 hours
and 3.14 hours contain the population
mean 𝜇 based on 50 6-year old
children’s TV viewing time.
Solution:
a. Determine the The confidence level is 99%.
confidence level.
b. Determine the The confidence coefficient is 2.58.
confidence
coefficient.
c. Find the sample ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
mean. 𝑥̅ =
𝑛
40 + 45 + 46 + 48 + 48 + 50 + 55 + 55 + 56 + 58
=
10
501
=
10
= 5.01
Solution:
Determine the confidence interval.
a. Determine the confidence The confidence level is 99%.
level.
b. Determine the confidence The confidence coefficient is ________ .
coefficient.
𝜎
c. Find the maximum error E. E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 × 𝑛
√
16
= _______ ×
√60
= _______ × ________
= ___________
d. Find the lower and the upper 𝜎 𝜎
𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
confidence limits. √𝑛 √𝑛
16 16
𝑋̅ − (1.96 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (1.96 × )
√60 √60
15.3 – _______ to 15.3 + _________
2.86 to 3.14
e. Describe the results. Thus, we can say with 99% confidence
that the interval between 11.26 years
and 19.34 years contain the population
mean 𝜇 based on 60 Grade 10
students
Solution:
a. Determine the confidence The confidence level is 95%.
level.
b. Determine the confidence The confidence coefficient is ______.
coefficient.
c. Find the sample mean. ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
= _________________
𝜎
d. Find the maximum error E. E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 ×
√𝑛
0.46
=_____ ×
√40
= _______ × 0.07
= ________
e. Find the lower and the upper 𝜎 𝜎
𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
confidence limits. √𝑛 √𝑛
0.46 0.46
𝑋̅ − (_____ × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (_____ × )
√40 √40
_______ – ________to _______ – _______
So the lower and the upper boundary
limits rage from 3.20 – 3.48
f. Describe the results. Thus, we can say with 95% confidence
that the interval between 3.20 and 3.48
contains the true mean GPA of the
population based on the sample GPA of
40 entering mathematics majors.
𝜎
E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 ×
√𝑛
References:
1. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Curriculum Guide
2. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Teachers Guide
3. Statistics and Probability
By: Rene R. Belecina, Elisa S. Baccay and Efren B. Mateo
1. Solution:
Determine the confidence interval.
b. Determine the confidence The confidence coefficient is 2.58.
coefficient.
𝜎
c. Find the maximum error E. E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 ×
√𝑛
16
= 1.96 ×
√60
= 1.96 ×2.06
= 4.04
d. Find the lower and the upper 𝜎 𝜎
𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
confidence limits. √𝑛 √𝑛
16 16
𝑋̅ − (1.96 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (1.96 × )
√60 √60
15.3 – 4.04 to 15.3 + 4.04
11.26 to 19.34
2. Solution:
a. Determine the confidence The confidence coefficient is 1.96.
coefficient.
b. Find the sample mean. = 3.34
𝜎
c. Find the maximum error E. E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 ×
√𝑛
0.46
=1.96 ×
√40
= 1.96 × 0.07
= 0.14
d. Find the lower and the upper 𝜎 𝜎
𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
confidence limits. √𝑛 √𝑛
0.46 0.46
3.34 − (1.96 × ) < 𝜇 < 3.34 + (1.96 × )
√40 √40
3.34 – 0.14 to 3.34 + 0.14
3.20 to 3.48
1. b
2. d
𝜎 𝜎
3. 𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
√𝑛 √𝑛
3 3
36 − (1.96 × ) < 𝜇 < 36 + (1.96 × )
√20 √20
36 – 1.31 to 36 + 1.31
34.69 – 37.31
𝜎 𝜎
4. 𝑋̅ − (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × ) < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + (𝑍𝛼⁄2 × )
√𝑛 √𝑛
10 10
75 − (2.58 × ) < 𝜇 < 75 + (2.58 × )
√58 √58
75 – 3.39 to 75 +3.39
71.61 – 78.39