COMPARISON BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC GENOMES

a. Eukaryotic genome

  Diploid with two homologous copies of each chromosome

  Contains introns (DNA sequences not translated into gene products or they are intervening
sequences of DNA that are missing in process messenger of RNA when it is translated)

 Circular molecule of DNA that contains a few genes are found in the mitochondria & sometimes
chloroplast 

   Mutations cannot be detected because structure is a diploid one so each of the copy will
compensate  

B. Prokaryotic genome

 Haploid consists of a single DNA molecule (w/ exception) - some bacteria will have double or 2
circular DNA molecules instead of a single one. Ex. vibrio cholerae 

 No membrane separating genes from cytoplasm bc of the absence of nucleus

 Presence of plasmids, transposons, integrons, pathogenecity islands, “housekeeping genes”\

Viral Genome

 The viral replication here is dependent upon the metabolic energy and the macromolecular
synthetic machinery of the host cell. The virus is dependent on the host cell. 

 Viruses are capable of survival, but not growth, in the absence of a cell host

 Genetic Parasitism

 Host will give nutrients to virus and virus will benefit. Detrimental to the host cell.

Transposons

 Movable genetic elements incapable of independent replication

 They do not contain genes for own replication unlike plasmids.

 Responsible for the ability of some plasmids to integrate into the chromosome

 Shift from one location to another on the genome ---> scramble genetic language

 Scrambling of genetic language may be beneficial or adverse: The creation of different genetic
combinations, changes in the traits of that organism for example the changes in the morphology
of that colony or in the pigmentation, replacement of damage dna and intermicrobial transfer of
drug resistance which is advantageous to the recipient cell.