STATES OF MATTER

GSCI1103L – A (GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB I B)

November 10, 2022

Jonathan Bryan

(2022360005)

Lecturer: Iwan Setiawan, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SAMPOERNA UNIVERSITY

2022
 Experiment 1

Data Table 1: Melting point of Tetradecanol

Trials # Temperature (℃)

Trial 1 39.3

Trial 2 41

Trial 3 50

Average 43.43

Exercise 1 Answers
1. The range of results ranges from 39.3 ℃ to 50 ℃, the results aren’t consistent

2. As the substance melts, the particles aggressively vibrate until they break free to become
a liquid, which occurs as a result of heat vibrating the particles.

3. In the cooling phase once the Tetradecanol has melted and will solidify again. When it
cools, the liquid becomes so dense that it slowly crystalizes back into a solid.

4. It's a crystalline solid because it appears to have crystalized; an amorphous solid has an
odd indefinite form, but a crystalline solid resembles a shard crystal.

5. Knowing a material's melting and boiling points is very useful for knowing how to
properly store it and how durable it is in a given circumstance for commercial use.

6. In the cooldown phase, there might be a chance we might not know fully when the
Tetradecanol has fully become solid.

Experiment 2
Data Table 2: Temperature and Observation of The Heating Curve

Time / Minute Temperature (℃) Observation

0 5 Solid Ice

1 7 Solid ice and Liquid

2 8 Solid ice and Liquid

3 9 Solid ice and Liquid

4 7.5 Solid ice and Liquid

5 10 Less Solid ice and more Liquid

6 20 Liquid

7 28 Liquid

8 43 Liquid (Bubbles on the bottom)

9 50 Liquid (Bubbles on the bottom)

10 65 Liquid (Bubbles on the bottom)

11 76 Liquid and gas (Bubbles on the bottom)

12 85 Liquid and gas (Bubbles on the bottom)

13 93 Liquid and gas (Evaporating)

14 97 Liquid and gas (Evaporating)

15 100 Liquid and gas (Evaporating)

16 100 Liquid and gas (Evaporating)

17 100 Liquid and gas (Evaporating)

18 100 Liquid and gas (Evaporating)

Exercise 2 Answers

1.

2. There is a slope of zero in the graph which is in the 15 - 18 minute, it is when the
temperature reached the peak of 100 ℃, and the states of matter are both liquid and gas
present when it happens.
 3. - Solid tends to not follow the shape of the container
- Liquid tends to follow the shape of the container
- Gas could follow the container shape but it may fly out of it

4. The specific temperature where a substance from solid that would turn into liquid, in the
result we get, it is observed that around 7 ℃ that water is present.

5. The specific temperature where the substance turns from water to gas, in the result, it is
observed that around 93 ℃ that it starts to evaporate.

6. One probable explanation why it does not immediately increase the temperature at some
point is that the heat first goes to the material's surroundings, which is the beaker, before
it directly heats the substance.

7. It is not exactly consistent; the causes for this might be attributable to environmental
intervention.

8. Due to the difference in atmospheric pressure the experiment was carried out at.

9. Isopropyl alcohol is a polar covalent compound that contains hydrogen bonds. Alcohol
has a lower melting and boiling point than water, indicating that the hydrogen bond
present is weaker.

Experiment 3

Data Table 3: Gas Reactions

Chemicals Observations

HCl HCl is in liquid state

Zn Zinc is in a solid state with abstract shape

HCl + Zn Violent bubbling and the test tube becomes colder

Gas + Flame High pitch popping sound

Exercise 3 Answers

1. It is hydrogen because it is odorless and has a colorless appearance.

2. The water is displaced when the gas enters the pipette bulb, and while part of the water
leaves, there are fragments that were in the pipette bulb.
3. It differs because there was no heat involved in the experiment; it was merely a chemical
reaction.