fldia j.

dj

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j
2018
 fldia j.dj
úIh WmfoaYl;ajh ^fojk uqøKh&

fla'cS'tia' fikúr;ak
ufkdaÍ l=remamq
ta' YHdud mqIaml=udß
whs'fla' w;m;a;=

fufyhùu yd iïnkaëlrKh
fÊ'fla'ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ
tia' fmßhidñ

ixialrKh
ñ,skao iurfldaka
tia'tï'iS' khks iurfldaka
fca'wd¾'î' fyar;a

mß.Kl msgq ieliqu

;s<sKs uOQIsld

msgljr ks¾udKh
wis; niakdhl

ksIamdok l<uKdlre
wd¾'hQ' rEmiair

uqøKh
lDIsl¾u m%ldYk tallfha uqøKd,h

m%ldYl
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok wxYfha lDIs m%ldYk tallh
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j
úIh WmfoaYl;ajh ^m<uq uqøKh&
bkaødks ueof.dv

;dlaIKsl iydh ^m<uq uqøKh&

à'tï'fla' f;kakfldaka
udfk,a nKavdrkdhl
tia'tï'tia' mqxÑl=udßydñ
OfkaIa ùrfialr

msgq ieliSu ^m<uq uqøKh&

ta' ksu,a idka;
bkaødks r;akdhl

m%ldYkh ^m<uq uqøKh&

jHdma;s yd mqyqKq wxYh
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j
 mgqk
ye|skaùu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1
b;sydih ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1
m%fhdack '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3
foaY.=Ksl idOl ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
rEm úoHd;aul ,laIK '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
m%fNao '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
me< ksmojd .ekSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 11
me< wjYH;djh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 16
fCIa;%fha isgqùu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 16
fmdfydr fhoSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 16
kv;a;=j '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 17
j,a me<Eá md,kh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 17
c, iemhqu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 17
frda. yd m<sfndaO ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 18
wiajekak ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 24
wiajkq fk<Su yd mYapd;a wiajkq l%shdj<ska ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 24
.nvd lsÍu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25
fj<|fmd< yd wf,úh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25
 ye|skaùu
fldia" Artocarpus heterophyl-
lus Lam. kñka WoaNso úoHd;aulj
y÷kajk" fudf¾isfha l=,hg wh;a oaù
îc m;%S nyqjd¾Isl Ydlhls' t<j¿jla
f,i fukau m%kS; m,;=rla f,i o
fldia wdydrhg .kq ,efí' wdfõKsl
meyehla iys;" Yla;sfhka wkQk w.kd
oej" fldia .fika ,nd .; yelsh'
fldia f.äfhys we;s fmdaIKSh .=Kh
ksid;a" tys j¾Ol wjêhg wkql+,j
ue,a¨ï fmdf,dia" weUq,a fmdf,dia
yd jHdxckhla f,i ms<sfh, lr
fldia uÿ¨ yd weg jYfhka
wdydrhg .; yels ksid;a fuh n;a .i
hkqfjka ye|skaùugo fndfyda fokd
mqreÿ j isá;s' mkd" fyr,s jeks úúO
kï j,ska wE; w;S;fha isgu wmf.a ck
cSú;h yd ine|s wmQ¾j;u Ydlhla jq
fuh nq'j' 4 oS;a Y%S ,xldfõ ;snqKq nj
uyd jxYfha i|yka fõ'
1
fudf¾isfha Ydl l=,hg wh;a >k 48 ka"
>k 8 la o Bg we;=,;a úfYaI 33 la o
,xldfõ we;' wdfgdaldmia >kfha
úfYaI 4 la ,xldfõ olakg ,efí'
Artocarpus heterophyllus - fldia ^fyr,s" mkd&
Artocarpus incises - rg fo,a
Artocarpus gomezianus - lkf.dak
^wdfgdaldmia f.dueishdkqia&
Artocarpus nobillis - neosfo,a" j,afo,a
wdfgdldmia fkdì,aia (Ar-
tocarpus nobillis) fyj;a neosfo,a
,xldjg tal foaYSh (Endemic) úfYaIhla
fõ' ;jo uef,aishdfõ m%p,s; ,xldjg
y÷kajdfok ,o Artocarpus champeden
^wdfgdldmia peïmsvka& úfYaIh t;rï
jHdma; fkdjQj;a mßndysrj ixrlaIKh
fldg we;'
b;sydih
fuys iïNjh bkaÿ u,hka
m%foaYhhs' bkaoshdfõ iy uef,aishdfõ
úr, jkdka;r j,ska jHdma;sh wdrïN
ù we;' y;rjk Y;j¾Ifha oS o Y%S
,xldfõ fldia ms,sn|j uydjxYfha ,shù
we;' uyd mrdl%undyq rcqf.a ld,fha
,laIhla muK fldia Y%S ,xldfõ msysgqjd
jHdma; lr we;s nj i|ykah' bkaoshdfõ
isg fuh miq ld,fha ol=Kq Ökh"
Y%s ,xldj" ol=Kq wdishd;sl rgj,a fukau wdydrhg .; yels fldia .%Eï 100 l
ksj¾;k wm%sldkq rgj,a jk flkahdj" wvx.= fmdaIl m%udKh
W.kavdj" iekaisnd¾" uqßis" yd uev.ialr fïÍug fïrE
ix>glh weg
m%foaY j,go ;j;a miq ld,fha 19 fmr miq
f;;ukh 85'20 72'40 57'60
jk Y;j¾IfhaoS n%iS,h" iqßkdï"
Yla;sh 51'00 94'00 151'00
cefuhsldj" f*dßvd yd TiafÜ%,shdjgo ^ls' le,ß&
fm%daàka ^.%Eï& 2'60 1'70 4'30
jHdma; ù we;' fldia j.d jmißh
fïoh ^.%Eï& 0'80 0'30 0'40
wkqj bosßfhka isák rgj,a jkafka
ldfndayhsfâ%Ü 9'40 93'70 32'00
nx.,dfoaYh" n%iS,h" ñhkaudrh" ^.%Eï&
le,aishï 30'00 27'00 35'00
bkaoshdj" bkaÿkSishdj" fkamd,h" ^ñ'.%E'&
uef,aishdj ms,smSkh" ;dhs,ka;h yd Y%S f*dia*ria 40'00 0'00 126'00
^ñ'.%E'&
,xldj jeks rgj,ah' hlv ^ñ'.%E'& 7'70 0'60 1'20
lefrdáka 0'00 39'00 25'00
^ñ'.%E'&
17 jk Y;j¾IfhaoS frdnÜ
;hóka ^ñ'.%E'& 50'00 0'09 180'00
fkdlaia úiskao fldia Ndú;d l< rhsfnd*af,aúka 40'00 0'11 50'00
^ñ'.%E'&
nj i|yka lr we;' 1896 oS muK
kshiSka ^ñ'.%E'& 0'50 0'90 0'06
,xldfõ l=reKE., osia;%slalfha jk úgñka iS ^ñ'.%E'& 14'00 9'00 17'00
j.d iuÕ uq,skau fldia j.d lsÍu
fï wkqj fldia j, m%Odk
wdrïN lr we;' 1918 oS Y%Su;a wd;¾
ix>glh jkqfha ldfndayhsfâ%Üh'
ù' vhia uy;d fldia .ia oi ,laIhla
óg wu;rj fm%daàk" LKsc ,jK yd
j.d lsÍfï jHdmdrhla wdrïN lr Tyq úgñka j¾.o tys wvx.= fõ' fï wkqj
úiska fldia .ia wdrlaId lsÍug kS;s fldia Yla;sckl wdydrhla f,i
iïmdokh lsÍugo WroS we;' tuÕska oelaúh yelsh'
fuh ,xldfõ wdrlaIs; .ila f,ig
Y%S ,xldfõ fldia jmißh yd
kï lrkq ,en we;' wog;a wkjirfhka
wiajekak
fldia .ia lemSu ;ykï l%shdjls'
wiajekak 000'
j¾Ih fylaghd¾
fldia f.ä
2000 48"225 266"589
2001 47"382 270"027
2002 48"818 279"926
ck yd ixLHd f,aLK fomd¾;fïka;=j

2
tal mqoa., fldia mßfNdackh ^uilg&

fldia uÿ¿ iy weg .%Eï 709

fldia weg .%Eï 28
jrld .%Eï 28

^f.dú lghq;= m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq lsÍfï wdh;kh&

- 2002

m%fhdack
óg wu;rj úúO ;dlaIKsl l%u
fldia fkdfhla wdldrfhka úúO Ndú;fhka ilik ,o wdydr jYfhka
l%u j,g wdydrhg .kq ,efí' Wod (- cEï" fidaia" fldaäh,a" uqrelal=" iSks j,
fmdf,dia weUq," fmdf,dia ue,a¨u" lsß ixrlaIs; fldia" úc,kh l< fldia
fldia ud¨j" fldia jHdxckh" fldia wdosh ye|skaúh yelsh' fldia fld, yd
weg ud¨j" fldia weg w.a.,d wdosh' M, úfYaIfhkau .j yd t¿ wdydrhla
f,io nyq,j fhdod .efka'
fldia uÿ¿ yd weg" je,s fldia
weg yd wgq fldia oeófuka o" fldia
uÿ¨ úc,kh lsÍfukao l,a ;nd .;
yel' úc,kh l< uÿ¿ áka lsÍu ;=,ska
wmkhkh l< yels w;r ta i|yd fyd|
b,a¨ula o mj;S' fuh t<j¿jla fukau
m,;=rla f,io" hqI iajNdúl mdkhla
f,io" jhska ksIamdokhgo Ndú;d fõ'

3
 T!IO jYfhka wUrd.;a fldia
u,a ;=jd, j, f,a .e,Sï kj;d,Sug
m%fhdackhg .efka' fldia lsß fyj;a
fldfyd,a,E wdhq¾fõo
jYfhka Ndú;d flf¾' ;jo bÿkq
fldia fld, ;eïnQ mdkh oshjeähd
frda.hg fhda.H njo fidhd f.k we;'
fldia uq,a hqI ifï frda." weÿu yd
mdpkh jeks frda. iqj
m%fhdackhg .efka'
mqrdKfha oS isjqre m`vq fmùug
wjYH j¾Kj;a idrh;a fldia wrgqfjka
ksiaidrkh lr f.k we;s nj fmd;
mf;ys i|yka fõ' oejhla f,i fldia
,Shg we;s b,a¨u wo o fkdfjkiaj
mej;Su tys we;s Yla;sh yd l,ameje;au
fukau bka ksujk oE j,ska o ms,sìUq
fõ' fuh Y%S ,xldfõ Ndú;d jk b;d
Wiia .Kfha oej j¾.hls'
fï wkqj n,k l,
Ydlfhka we;s m%fhdack w;s úYd,
mrdihl mj;sk nj ks.ukh l<
yelsh'
foaY.=Ksl idOl
fuu Ydlh úúO lDIs foaY.=Ksl
l,dm ;=< j.d l< yelsh' Ydlfha
jeãu i|yd jvd fhda.H jkafka ukd
c, jykhla we;s .eUqre mils' ta wkqj
.x`.d ksïk fomi we;s we¨úh,a mia
fyda yHquia mila b;d iqÿiq fõ' iqÿiq
T!IOhla pH mrdih jkafka 5 - 7'5 ls' jd¾Isl
j¾Idm;kh 1000 mm - 1500 mm
ùu fhda.H fõ' j¾Ih mqrd me;sreKq
j¾Idm;khla o" mßir WIaK;ajh 25̊
C - 35̊ C iy idfmalaI wd¾ø;djh (RH)
lsÍugo 75% - 80% muK ;sîuo jvd ys;lrh'
fuh jeämqru f;;a l,dmfha j.d
l<;a" wka;¾ (IM) yd úh<s (DL1)
l,dm j,o j.d l< yelsh' kuq;a
b;d os.= úh<s ld,.=Kh j.djg iqÿiq
fkdfõ' uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg óg¾ 1000
olajd jQ WÉp;ajh ;=< Ydlh fyd|ska
jefjk w;r fuhg jvd WÉp;ajhla
iys; m%foaYj, j.d lsÍfuka wiajkq
wvqùu yd úlD;s f.ä we;sùu isÿfõ'
rEm úoHd;aul ,laIK
.i
fldia
Wiska óg¾ 8 - 25 muK fõ' l|
iDcqh" is,skavrdldrh" w;= fomig
úyssfohs" b;d .eUqrg jefvk uqÿka
uq,la we;' lf|a fmd;a; ;=jd, jqjfyd;a
lsßjEiaiSula isÿfõ' fldia .ila
idudkHfhka wjqreÿ 75 - 125 la muK
mj;S'
4
 m;%
m;% j, yevh ´j,dldr jk
w;r j¾. wkqj tu yevh yd m%udK
fjkia úh yelsh' m;%j, l=vd kgqjla
we;s w;r kdrá b;d meyeos,sh' kdrá
úkHdih cd,dN fõ'
mqIam
tal .Dys fõ' ia;%S mqreI u,a jYfhka
foj¾.hla ;sfí' tajd l=vd ld,fhaoS
kgqfõ úYd,;ajfhka meyeos,sj fjkalr
y÷kd .; yel' fïjd fjka fjka
jYfhka msysgk w;r mQudx.S ^mqreI&
u,a jeä jYfhka .i mSfok wjia:dfõ
oS oel .; yel' tneúka .fia uq,a
wjia:dfõ u,a jeämqr ;snqK;a wiajkq
wvq ùula fndfyda úg fmkakqï lrhs'
mkd u,a jYfhka y÷kajk fuu u,a
foj¾.hu mqIam uxcß f,i msysghs'
fndfyda úg iq<Õ uÕska
mrmrd.kh isÿjk w;r mQudx.S mqIam
j, mrd. cdhdx.S mqIamhkays l,xlh
u; ;ekam;a ùfuka ixfiapkh isÿù
M,hla yg .kS' mQudx.S mqIam l¿ meye ù
miqj ye,S hhs' mrd.kfhka miqj f.äh
fïÍug udi 3- 4 l ld,hla .;fõ'
5
M,h
fndfyda úg f.ä yg.kafka
lf|ys yd m%Odk w;= j,h' f.äj,
yevh" nr yd uÿf,a j¾Kh fldia j¾.
wkqj fjkia fõ' M,hl nr ls'.%E' 30
muK úh yels w;r yevfhka rjqï"
´j,dldr fyda os.á úh yelsh' uÿ¨ yd
weg w;r wdjrK 2 la mj;S' ^isìâv
yd fmd;a;&" fldia f.äh ixhqla;
M,hls' uÿf,a udxY, fldgi cdhdx.S
mqIamhhs' f.äfha ;sfnk bß" j|
mqIam fõ' fmd;a; >klï jk w;r lgq
iys;h'
m%fNao
fldia bÿkq miq je, yd jrld
jYfhka j¾. folla f,i ye|skafõ'
fufia fjkalr we;af;a udxY,fha we;s
uDÿ yd ;o nj wkqjh' úúO fldia
j¾. we;s kuq;a tajd iEuúgu tl yd
iudk fkdfõ' tfia ùug m%Odk fya;=j
fïjd mrmrd.kh ùu yd fndfyda
úg îc uÕska we;sjk me< isgqùuhs'
fuuÕska .ia w;r úúO;ajhla we;sù
;sfí' fuu úúO;ajhg WodyrK
fndfydah' udxY,fha mdg iqÿ meyehg
yqre ly" ;o ly" ;eô,s ly fyda frdai úh
yelsh' ;jo fldia wegfha fmd;a; ke;s"
weg ke;s" fldfyd,a,E wvq" fmdf,dia
j, .=Kd;auh Wiia" meKsri jeä" ixrlaIKh fldg ;sfí' l=refldia"
wjqreoao mqrd f.ä yg.kakd j¾. wdos .fkaf.dv" wd;¾ ù vhia" f;,smamf,a"
jYfhkao .ia w;r ,laIK fjkia ukavQ¾" uyr.u" *do¾f,dax.a"
úh yelsh' iuyr .iaj, m%Odk w;= frdai fldia" fld;auf,a" l=reúg"
fkdfnoS l=vd w;= muKla yg ud;r" ms<su;,dj" wkqrdOmqrh" ud;f,a"
.ekSugo ms,sjk t<j¿ f,i we,sia fmf¾rd" yxjrld" meKsjrld
muKla wdydrhg .; yels f.ä hk kï j,skao" wxl j,ska ye|skafjk
yg.kakd j¾.o we;' fuu M, j, uÿ¨ fjk;a foaYSh j¾.o" ;dhs,ka;h" m%jqia"
fyda weg fkdue;' frdlSfmdhskaÜ jeks úfoaYSh j¾.o fï
w;r fõ' ;jo úúO jQ o¾Y 39 la muK
tlsfklg fjkia ,laIK fydrK m,;=re m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok
iys; j¾. 34 la muK .kafkdarej wdh;kh cdk nexl=jla f,i ixrlaIKh
m,;=re fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok lr we;'
ia:dkfha fCIa;% cdk nexl=fjka oekg

ks¾foaYs; jrld m%fNao

f.äfha
uÿf,a uÿf,a >klu úfYaIs;
jrld j¾.h idudkH nr Brix
meyeh ^fi'ó'& ,laIK
^ls'.%E'&
*do¾f,dax.a 10 - 15 23 ;o ly 0'7 m%kS;h
uyr.u 10 - 15 23 ;eô,s ly 0'7 m%kS;h
fld;auf,a 8 - 12 23 ;eô,s ly 0'6 lsß wvqh
frdai isìâv frdai
15 - 20 22 ;eô,s ly 0'7
fldia meye;sh
meKs ri
ukavQ¾ 8 - 12 25 ly 0'5
jeäh
wd;¾ ù vhia 15 - 20 22 ;o ly 0'6 m%KS;h

6
 m%fNao j, ,laIK
*do¾f,dax.a

rjqï ´j,dldr yeve;s uOHu ysfrdaid ^frdai jrld&

m%udKfha f.ä iys;h' f.ähl nr
lsf,da.%Eï 10-15 muK fõ' f.äfha
kgqj fmfofia uÿ¨ rys; m%foaYhla
msysghs' tu m%foaYfha yels¨Kq
iajNdjfhka hqla;h'

f.äfha kgqjg iïnkaO jk

fl<jr we;=,g fkrd j, .eiS we;'
fïrE f.ä j, msg fmd;a; ÿUqre
rkajka meye;sh' fmd;af;a lgq ;rula foaYSh jrKhls' f.äh
uy;h' uqÿ¨ ;o ly meye;sh' >Klu ´j,dldrh' f.ähl nr lsf,da.%Eï
fikaáóg¾ 0'8 muK fõ' uÿ, ;=< meKs 15 - 20 muK fõ' uqÿ¨ ;oh' jrld
msysghs' m%KS; meKs rihlska yd l%siams j¾.hls'
.;sh we;s uqÿ¨ we;' ì%laia w.h 22 ls'
7
 os.eá yevhla we;s lsf,da .%Eï
10-15 l muK uOHu m%udKfha
f.ä iys;h' fïrE f.äj, msg;
meyeh ly ÿUqre meyehlska hqla;h'
fldfyd,a,E .;sh ;rula wvqh'

uÿ¨ j, meyeh ;eô,s ly

meye;sh' uÿf,a >Klu fikaáóg¾ 0'6
muKffõ' ì%laia w.h 22 ls' f.äfha
weg 20-30] muK m%frdayKh ù ;sfí'
isìâv frdai meye;sh'

uÿ¨ uOHu m%udKfha jk w;r

ly ;eô,s meye;sh' meKs rih' l%siams
iajNdjfhka hqla;h' ì%laia w.h 25 ls'

uyr.u

8
 fld;auf,a

wd;¾ ù' vhia

foaYSh jrKhls' rjqï ´j,dldr
yeve;s lsf,da .%Eï 10-15 l nrlska
hq;a uOHu m%udKfha f.ä we;' fïrE
f.äj, msg lgqj fld< meye;sh'
f.äh m%udKfhka úYd,h' nr
lsf,da .%Eï 15-20 muKh' ´j,dldr
yeve;sh' jrld m%fNaohls' uÿ¨ msg ;o
ly mdgh' meKs rifhka hqla;h' ì%laia
w.h 22 ls'
ukavQ¾

uÿ¨ ;eô,s ly meye;sh' meKs

rih' l%siams iajNdjfhka hq;=fõ' ì%laia
rjqï yeve;s lsf,da .%Eï 8-10 muK
w.h 22 ls' me<jqkq îc rys;h'
jk uOHu m%udKfha f.äfha msg me;a;

9
wdl¾YKSh fld< meyefhka hqla;h'
uÿ¨ ;o njlska hq;= jrld j¾.hls'
uÿ¨ j, meyeh ;o ly mdgh'
uÿ¨ meKs rih' l%siams iajNdjhlska
hqla;h' ì%laia w.h 22 ls' f.äh ;=<
me<jqKq îc fkdue;'
fpïmvela
uÿ¨ uDÿh' tkï je, j¾.hls'
uÿ¨ wNHka;rfha msysá jy,a,g iúù
we;' f,,a, .,jd bj;a l< yel'
uqÿ¨ j, ¥ßhka iqj| iys;h' uqÿ¨ iqÿ
10
meyehg yqre l%Sï meyeh fyda ;eô,s ly
meyefhka hq;a j¾. we;' uÿ¨ meKs
rih' ì%laia w.h 31 muK fõ' msIaGh
iys; îc we;' fldia" fmdf,dia f,io
Ndú;hg .; yel' bÿKq f.äj, uÿ¨
úúO ksIamdok iEoSug fhdod .; yel'
fuu m%fNao jeäÿrg;a m%pdrKh
lsÍu i|yd .kafkdarej" trñksf.d,a,
yd wU;ekak hk rcfha f.dúm,aj,
ujq Ydl WoHdk msysgqjd we;' ;jo
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ,shdmosxÑ ù
we;s mqoa.,sl ;jdka j, fldia noaO me<
ksIamdokh lrkafka kï fuu ks¾foaYs;
j¾. j,g wh;a ujq Ydl kv;a;= lsÍu
jeo.;a fõ'
 me< ksmojd .ekSu 3 - 4 l ld,hla .;jk kuq;a meh 24 l
ld,hla j;=f¾ fmdÕjd isgqùfuka
,sx.sl yd w,sx.sl hk l%u m%frdaykh fõ.j;a lr .; yel' îc
folgu me< fndalr .; yel' ñka jeä me<j, os.= uqÿka uq,la we;'
jYfhka isÿjkafka ,sx.sl fyj;a îc
m%pdrKhhs' noaO lsÍu yd f,ah¾ lsÍu me< noaO lsÍu
w,sx.sl m%pdrKhhs'
m%Odk jYfhka noaO me< isgqùu
isÿlrkqfha Wiia .=Kd;aufhka hq;a
f.ä ,nd .ekSug iy jeä wiajekakla
flá ld,hloS ,nd .ekSugh'
fujeks .iaj, w;= fmd,jg wdikakj
yg .kakd iajNdjhla we;s neúka oej
,nd .ekSu i|yd noaO me< isgqùu iqÿiq
fkdfõ'

fldia noaO lsÍu i|yd l=[a[

noaOh" ióm noaOh yd me,eia;r ^meÉ&
n÷ka lrk ,o îc me< noaOh fhdod .; yelsh' fï l%u w;=ßka
jeä jYfhkau fhdod .kafka l+[a[
noaOhhs' noaO me< ksmoùfï id¾:l;ajh
îc uÕska me< ksmojd .ekSu
m%fNao wkqj fukau noaO lrk wjia:dfõ
îc uÕska me< idod isgqùu mj;sk foaY.=Ksl idOl uÕskao ;SrKh
l< yels fõ' úfYaIfhka oej i|yd fõ' Wod (- fld;auf,a j¾.fha noaOh
îc me< isgqjkq ,efí' îc me< *do¾f,dax.a noaOhg jvd id¾:l fõ'
isgqùfuka ,efnk f.äj, .=Kd;auh tfukau WIaK;ajh wvq wjia:dfõoS
fln÷o hkak lsj fkdyelsh' fyd|ska noaOfha id¾:l;ajh jeäfõ' fjk;a
bÿkq M, j,ska ,nd .kakd îc j, fnda. fuka fkdj fldia noaO lsÍu
m%frdayK Yla;sh b;d blauKska wvqfõ' i|yd úfYaI l=i,;djhla wjYH fõ'
tneúka îc me<lr .ekSuo ú.iska
isÿl< hq;=fõ' îc m%frdaykh ùug i;s

11
l+[a[ noaOh l| mDIaGsu;aj jeã ;sîu jeo.;ah' noaO
lsÍu i|yd fuu .%dyl me< j, jhi
f;dard.;a úfYaI .=Kdx. iys;
i;s 3 - 4 la ùu jvd;a fhda.H fõ' ^uq,ska
uõ .ia j,ska muKla noaO wxl=r
yg.;a m;% fol iïmQ¾Kfhkau fïrE
,nd .ekSu isÿ flf¾' ks¾foaYs; j¾.
miq& .%dyl me< ksmoùfïoS m%udKfhka
j,ska fyda jeä wiajkq ,ndfok uÿ¿
úYd, fldia weg f;dard .ekSfuka l|
oel=ïl¿" j¾Kj;a" m%KS; udxY,hla
uy;ajQ .%dyl me< ksmojd .; yels
we;s úfYaIs; jrld .iaj,ska fyda wxl=r
neúka myiqfjka noaO lsÍu o isÿlr .;
,nd .; yelsh'
yels w;r tfia f;dard .kakd weg je,
.ilska kï noaOh jvd id¾:l fõ'

noaO lsÍu i|yd Wiia ,laIK

iys; uõ .ia j,ska ,nd .kakd w.%ia:
wxl=r wkqc fldgia f,i fhdod .kak'
nÿfka mia uÜgfï isg wÕ,a 6 la muK
by<ska .%dylh lmd" lf|a yß ueoska
me,aula oud .kak'

wkqch l+[a[hla f,i lmd .ekSu

m%udKfhka úYd, fldia weg

f;dard f.aca 300 wÕ,a 6 x 10 fmd,s;Ska
n÷ka" u;=msg mia ( je,s ( úh<s f.du
1 ( 1 ( 1 wkqmd;hg ñY% lr idod.;a
udOHhlska mqrjd" ilia l< nÿka j,
isgqjd ,efnk me< .%dyl jYfhka
fhdod .efkk w;r fuu îc me< j,
wÕ,a 6 muK by,ska .%dylh lemSu

12
 .%dyl lf|a yß ueoska me,aula fhoSu
fj¨ï má w;r mr;rhla we;s jk
f,i t;Su
wkqch l+[a[hla f,i ilid
.%dylhg fyd|ska iújk whqßka lf|ys
fj¨ï má f,i b;d isyska má
me,au ;=<g we;=,alr fj¨ï má j,ska
^fmd,s;Ska u¨j, má fuka& fhdod
T;d ;oska .eg .id .kak'
.kak' fj,SfïoS má w;r mr;rh isák
f,i fj,d .ekSfuka jEiafik lsß
bj;g .,d hdug bv ie,fik ksid
noaO ikaêfha we;sjk .eg¨ j<lajd
.; yel'

fufia noaO l< me< fmd,s;Ska

u¨ j,ska wdjrKh lrkak' me< jeä
m%udKhla we;s úg fm%dmf.agrhla
Ndú;d l< yel' wdjrK .e,ùu
udi 1-2 muK miqj b;d m%fõYfuka
wkqch l+[a[hla f,i .%dylfha me,aug fukau l%u l%ufhka l< hq;=h' tljru
we;=,a lsÍu fmd,s;Ska u¨ ksrdjrKh lsÍu iqÿiq
ke;' fï wdldrhg udi 5 - 6 lska muK
id¾:l noaO me< ,nd .; yelsh'

13
 fmd,s;Ska u¨ j,ska me< wdjrKh lsÍu
ióm noaOh
fï i|yd Wiia ,laIK iys;
uõ Ydl f;dard .; hq;= w;r noaOh
fhdod .ekSug iqÿiq w;= fmd<jg iómj
;sîu noaOh i|yd myiq fõ' udi 8 - 10
la muK jhia.; jQ me< jqjo fï i|yd
Ndú;d l< yel' fuysoS Wiia .=Kdx.
iys; wkqch uõ YdLfhka fjka fkdlr
noaOh isÿlrk w;r" noaOh id¾:l
jQ miqj uõ YdLfhka fjka lr kj
YdLhla f,i j¾Okh lr .; yel'
iudk úIalïNfhka hq;= .%dylh iy wkqch
f;dard .;a uõ YdLfha w;af;a
fikaáóg¾ 2'5 - 5 l m%udKhg fmd;a;
>k fldgi o ^,Sho& lefmk mßos
^fm;a;la wdldrhg& bj;a lr.kq ,efí'
miqj .%dylfhka o tjeksu fldgila
bj;a lr tu lemqï mDIaG fol
tlska tl ;o jk f,i noaO máhlska
my< isg by<g fj,kq ,efí'

m%:ufhka .%dylh i|yd fhdod

.kakd îc me<fha l|g iudk
úIalïNhlska hq;a noaO lsÍug iqÿiq
ßls,a,la wkqch i|yd .kakd uõ
YdLfhka f;dard .kak'

.%dylfha iy wkqcfha lemqï fhoSu

14
 udi lSmhla .; jk úg fuu
noaOh id¾:l fõ' tu wjêfha oS
.%dylfha by< fldgi lmd bj;a
lsÍu;a i;s 2 lg muK miq wkqch noaO
ixêhg wÕ,a 2 muK my,ska lmd fjka
lsÍfuka wk;=rej" .%dylfha uõ .i
;nd n|sk ,o noaO má bj;a lr kj
noaO me<h iajdëkj jeãug ie,eiaúh
yelsh'
noaO ixêh noaO má j,ska my< isg
by<g fj,su
fufia iaÒrj n÷kal< noaO me<
fuysoS wkqch uõ .fia by<ska
fm%dmf.agrhla ;=< udihla muK ;nd
mj;S kï fyda uõ .i úYd, kï fyda
miqj 50] fijk iys; l=áhla ;=<g
.%dyl me<h tu wkqch iys; .fia
udre l< hq;=h' ;jÿrg;a i;s 2 la muK
w;a;lg ;nd ne|Su uÕska fkdfi,afjk
.; ùfuka wk;=rej idudkH ysre t<sh
wdldrhg r|jd .; yel'
,efnk me< .Dyhlg udrelr miqj
fCIa;%fha isgqùu i|yd fhdod .; yelsh'

meÉ noaOfhka iy f,ah¾

lsÍfukao ^w;= neoSfuka& m%pdrKh
isÿl< yels kuq;a tys id¾:l;ajh
wvqh' f,ah¾ lsÍfuka ,efnk me<fha
uqÿka uq,la fkdue;s ùu wjdisodhl
úh yels nj ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h' meÉ
noaOfhaoS n÷ka ;=< isgqjd .;a îc me<
mekai,l m%udKhg uy;a jQ miq tys
fmd;a; fyd|ska .e,fõ kï f;dard.;a
uõ .ilska ,nd .;a wxl=rhla noaO lr
.; yelsh'

wkqch by<ska we;s wjia:djl .%dyl me<h

wkqch we;s Ydlhg iïnkaO lr we;s
whqre

15
 me< wjYH;djh j.d wjqreÿ 1 - 1 1$2 muK ld,hla ;=,oS
isÿl< yelsh'
;ks j.djla jYfhka fldia
isgqùfïoS mr;rh óg¾ 8 x 10 fyda óg¾ fmdfydr fhoSu
8 x 8 jYfhka isgqùu iqÿiq nj m¾fhaIK
m%;sM, wkqj fmkS f.dia ;sfí' fï wkqj idudkHfhka fldia j.dj i|yd
fylaghdrhla i|yd wjYH me< m%udKh fmdfydr fhoSula isÿ fkdlrk kuq;a
ms,sfj,ska 125 iy 156 fõ' kuq;a oej idudkH fldia .ia yeoS jeã M, orK
i|yd îc me< isgqùfïoS óg¾ 3 x wjia:djg m;a ùug iEfyk ld,hla
3 mr;rhg fylaghdrhlg me< 1111 .;úh yelsh' tksid kshñ; ld,fha oS
muK isgqúh yel' M, yg .ekSug;a" Wiia M,odjla ,nd
.ekSug;aa" ridhksl fmdfydr fhoSu
fCIa;%fha isgqùu jvd WÑ;h' úfYaIfhka fidaod md¨jg
,lajQ bvï j, j.dlrk fldia j.djka
fCIa;%fha isgqùu i|yd by;
i|yd my; wkaoug fmdfydr fhoSu
i|yka mr;r j,g iDcqfldaKdi%dldr jvd;a iqÿih'
fyda ;%sfldaKdldr wdldrhg me< msysgk
ñhqßfhaÜ
mßos j,j,a i<l=Kq l< yel' bvfuys fhdok hQßhd TSP/ROP T*a
i,l=Kq lr.;a ia:dk j, fikaáóg¾ wjia:dj .%Eï .%Eï fmdgEIa
.%Eï
60 x 60 x 60 m%udKfha j,j,a ilikak'
isgqùug fmr
u;=msg mia iuÕ ldnksl fmdfydr l+v ^uQ,sl 100 135/225 100
fmdfydr&
3 la ne.ska fyd|ska ñY% fldg j, mqrjd
iEu udi
me< isgqùug i;shlg muK fmr uQ,sl 6 lg jrla 125 150/250 125
wjq' 5 jk
ridhksl fmdfydr ñY%Kh o fhdokak' f;la
me<h isgqùfïoS mia l=Üáh bysÍ iEu udi
6 lg jrla 250 275/450 250
fkdhk mßos fmd,s;Ska nE.h fifuka wjq' 6 - wjq'
bj;a fldg mia uqÿka fldg we;s jf,ys 10 jk f;la
iEu udi 6
isgqjkq ,efí' j¾Id ld,h wdrïNfhaoS lg jrla wjq' 400 460/750 350
me< isgqùu jvd;a fhda.H fõ' fCIa;%fha 11 - wjq' 15
jk f;la
isgqùfuka miq me<hg fijk ,ndoSu iEu udi 6
wjYH fõ' c,h /|S ;sîu fldia me<hg lg jrla wjq' 550 600/1000 450
15 ka miq
wys;lrh' fldia j.dj iuÕ wka;¾
16
 j¾Id ld,h wdrïNfhaoS fyda jQ w;= iy fmd<j u; .egqk w;= bj;a
;o jeis wjika jQ miqj fyda fmdfydr l< hq;=h' wä 15 - 20 g jvd Wig
fhdokak' yels iEu wjia:djloSu hk w;=o lmd oeófuka .i kv;a;=jg
úh<s f.du fmdfydr fyda osrdm;a jQ myiqjk m%udKhlg ;nd .; yel'
fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr fhoSu wfmalaIs; lmamdÿfõ oS w;= wdk;j lmd lemqï ;,
M,odj ,nd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ' j, os,Sr kdYl iys; wdf,amhla ^Wod (-
lkavidka& ;ejÍfuka frda. ldrl
fldia .ia j,g by; i|yka we;=,a ù w;= osrdhdu j,lajd .; yel'
fmdfydr ñY%Khg wu;rj j¾Ihlg fuu l%u wkq.ukh lsÍfuka wkjYH
jrla fvd,uhsÜ lsf,da.%Eï 2la ne.ska f,i .ia Wi hdu md,kh lr w,xldr
.ilg fhdokak' fvd,uhsÜ fhoSu .ila fukau" wiajkq fk,d .ekSugo
l< hq;af;a mfia wdï,sl;djh ^mS'tÉ' tuÕska myiqfõ'
w.h& 5 g wvq kï muKla jk w;r
fvd,uhsÜ iEu j¾Ihlg jrlau j,a me<Eá md,kh
fhoSu jvd;a WÑ; fõ' ridhksl
fmdfydr fhoSug i;s follg fmr .fia w;=úysoS we;s N+ñ m%foaYfha
fvd,uhsÜ fhoSu l< hq;=h' .fia m%Odk we;s j,a me<Eá fyd|ska md,kh lr
l|g wä 1 1$2 muK ÿr isg w;= úysoS .ekSu wjYH fõ' b;sß N+ñ m%udKfha
we;s m%foaYh olajd .i jgd rjqug ;Kfld, ùis le;a;l wdOdrfhka
kshñ; fmdfydr m%udKh úiqrejd yer jßka jr lmd oukak' fuf,i lmd.;a
mi iuÕ l,jï lrkak' ;Kfld< l|g wä 1 1$2 la muK
ÿrlska .i jgd jiqkla f,io fhdod
kv;a;=j .; yelsh'

fldia me<h iaÒr N+ñfha isgjQ miq

iajNdúl f,i j¾Okh ùug wjldY c, iemhqu
,nd foñka md¾Yúlj jefvk w;= i;r
noaO me< fCIa;%fha isgqjd m<uq
osYdjg jeãug ie,eiaúh hq;=h'
wjqrÿ 2 - 3 olajd we;súh yels os. úh,s

iEu wiajkq fk<Sula wjidkfhaoS ld,hkaysoS c, iemhqu l< hq;=fõ'

lmamdÿjla wjYH fõ' úfYaIfhka jiqka fhoSfuka mi úh<Su j<lajd .;

uereKq w;=" osh ßls,s" tlska tlg uqjd yel'

17
 frda. yd m<sfndaO frda.
weka;%elafkdaia frda.h
fldia j,g je<f|k frda. yd
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
lDñ ydks ksid tys we;s .=Kd;auh
kï os,Srh uÕska o¿" ßls,s" m;% iy
yd wiajekak wvqfõ' fuu frda. yd
M, j,g ydks we;sfõ' fuys m%;sM,hla
lDñ ydks .ek fkdie,ls,su;a ùu
jYfhka w;= j, by< isg my,g ueÍ
ksid j¾;udkfhaoS fndfyda ÿrg tajd
hdu" fldia f.ä fïÍug m%:u ye,Shdu
nrm;, .eg¿ njg m;aù we;' fï ksid
isÿúh yelsh' wdidokh jQ wxl=r noaO
frda. ldrlhka iy lDóka ms<sn|j
lsÍug fhdod .;aúg" noaO me<o ueÍ
wjfndaOhla ;sîu wjYH jk w;r"
hdyel'
tuÕska ksjeros f,i m%;sldr lr
frda.h m;% j,g je<|S we;súg"
id¾:l frda. yd lDñ md,khla
.fvd,a r;= meye;s fyda ;o ÿUqre meye;s
we;slr .; yelsh' frda. ldrl Ydl
fyda me,a,ï oel .; yelsh' fuh ,má
fldgia j.dfjka bj;afldg msßisÿj ;nd
m;% iy kgqjo wdl%ukh lrhs' iuyr
.ekSfuka fndfyda ÿrg frda. md,kh
wjia:djkaysoS fusarium os,Srh iuÕ
lr.; yel' wm rfÜ m%Odk jYfhka
Colletotrichum os,Srho tl;= ùfuka
oel.; yelafla weka;%elafkdaia os,Sr
ydksh jvd;a oreKq úh yelsh'
ydksh;a" f.ä úoskakdf.a ydksh;ah'
;jo fmd;a; isÿre lrkakdf.a ydksh
ksid fndfyda úYd, .ia wld,fha ñh
hdu o oelsh yelsh' fufia ñh hdug
m%Odk fya;=j jkafka fkdie,ls,su;a
nj yd ksjeros m%;sl¾u fkdfhoSuhs'

;jo" fldia j.d ;=< c,h /|S

;sîu fhda.H fkdfõ' tfia c,h /|Su
ksid .fia uq,a os,Sr wdidokhg m;ajQ
wjia:d fndfyda úg jd¾;d fõ'

weka;%elafkdaia frda.h m;% j,g

je<|S we;s úg

18
 ,má wxl=r j,g frda.h -- ks¾foaYs; fmdfydr m%udK muKla
wdidokh jQ úg ;o ÿUqre meye;s me,a,ï ,nd oSu'
f,i m<uqj frda. ,laIK wdrïN ù -- frda. ldrlh ms,sn| oekqj;a
miqj uq¿ wxl=rhu oejqKq wdldrhla ùfuka wk;=rej Mancozeb jeks
fmkakqï lrhs' os,Sr kdYl fhoSug l%shd lsÍu'
-- noaO lsÍu i|yd .kakd wxl=r"
frda.h f.ä j,g je<|S we;súg"
m<uqj Mancozeb jeks os,Sr
;o ÿUqre me,a,ï oel .; yel'
kdYlhl .s,ajd .ekSu'
miqj fuu me,a,ï úYd, fõ' iuyr
fkdfïrE f.ä ye,Shhs' jeiai" jd;fha
jeä wd¾ø;djh iy fijk we;s úg
iqÿuq,a frda.h (White root disease)
fuu frda.h jvd;a oreKq fõ' Rigidoporus microporus kï mdY=
os,Srh ksid we;sfõ' rn¾ j.d lrk ,o
bvï j, fldia isgqùfuka fuu frda.hg
md;%ùfï jeä m%jK;djhla we;' fuhg
uq,a wjêfhaoS m%;sldr fkd,enqkfyd;a
m;% lyù" .i ue,ù" ueÍ hhs" .fia uq,a
os,Sr wdidokhg ,la ùfuka fuh isÿfõ'

weka;%elafkdaia frda.h fldia f.ä j,g

je<|S we;súg

md,kh
-- frda.h je<÷kq Ydl fldgia yd
.i hg jegqkq frda.S fldgia
ish,a, úkdY lsÍu'
-- wkjYH w;= lmd oeóu yd
tlsfklg wdikakj jevqKq w;= iqÿ uq,a frda.hg md;% jQ fldia .ila
bj;a lr .i ;=<g ysre t<sh
jeàug ie,eiaùu'

19
md,kh meyefõ' kgqjg ydks jQ úg m;% ly mdg
-- fmdf,dfjys olakg ,efnk ù ye,S hhs' fuhg Colletotrichum spp.,
wdidokhg ,la jQ uq,a fldgia Botryodiplodia sp yd Phomopsis úfYaI
úkdY lr" Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfuka j, os,Sr n,mdhs'
miqj iqÿiq os,Sr kdYlhla fhoSu
l< yel'

rla; mg, frda.h (Pink Disease)

Erythricium salmonicolor os,Srfhka
fuu frda.h we;sfõ' wdidokh jQ m;%
ly mdg ù ye,S hhs' w;= ;o ÿUqre mdg
ù ueÍ hk kuq;a .i iïmQ¾Kfhkau
fkdueÍ mj;S' fuu os,Srh f;;ukh
we;s úg frdai meye;sj w;= j, oel .;
yel' miq ueÍug ,la jQ .ila

uqf,ka wdidokh jQ úg Ydlhu

md,kh
blaukska úh<S urKhg m;a fõ'
.ia msßisÿj kv;a;= lsÍu" fï i|yd Phellinus lamaoensis,
wdidos; ia:dk msßisÿ lr ta u; Phellinus noxious, Rhizoctonia solani,
lkavidka fyda ;U wvx.= os,Sr Fusarium úfYaI j, os,Sr n,mdhs' fuysoS
kdYlhla wdf,am lsÍfuka md,kh l< uq,a j, ndysr$ wNHka;r mgl w;r iqÿ
yelsh' meye os,Sr cd, oel .; yel' fmd;a;
isÿre lrk lDñhdf.a ydksh ksido fï
miq ueÍu (Die Back)
wdldrhg fldia .ia miq ueÍug Ndckh
fuh os,Sr fyda lDñ wdidokh úh yelsh' miq ueÍu oelsh yels fldgia
ksid fyda isÿ úh yel' fuh m%Odk lmamdÿ lr ^w¿;a mglhla ,efnk;=re&
jYfhka fowdldrj isÿfõ' Ydlfha bj;a l< hq;=h' lemqï mDIaGfha
by< fldgia j,ska we;=,a jk os,Sr ksid fndafvda ñY%Kh fyda lekavidka ,Sg¾
we;sjk miq ueÍu yd mdxY= os,Sr ksid 1 lg fgnqfldkfida,a ñ,s,Sg¾ 10
we;sjk miq ueÍuhs' by<ska we;=,a jk la ñY%lr idod .;a ñY%Kh wdf,am
os,Sr ksid w;= j, j¾K fjkia ù ;o l<hq;=h' l| mduq, msßisÿj ;nd .;
hq;=h'
20
f.ä l=Kq ùu
f.ä l=Kqùu frda. ldrlhka
lsysmhla ksid isÿfõ' Phytopthora
botryodiplodea, Rhizopus ksid
we;s jk f.ä l=Kqùu oelaúh
yelsh' *hsfgdmaf;rd ^Phytopthora)
ksid we;s jk f.ä l=Kq ùu f.äfha
me;a;lska fyda my, m%foaYh l=Kqùu
uÕskq;a botryodiplodea ksid isÿjk
l=Kqùu kgqjg wdikakfha;a oelsh
yelsh' *hsfgdmaf;rd ksid isÿjk f.ä l=Kqùu

md,kh Rhizopus ksid isÿjk f.ä

Ydlh wjg msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu"
ydksh jeä kï uekafldfií jeks os,Sr
kdYlhla l=vd f.ä j,g fhoSu uÕska
*hsfgdmaf;rd yd botryodiplodea uÕska
isÿjk f.ä l=Kqùu md,kh l< yel'
l=Kqùu fndfyda úg l=vd f.ä j, oelsh
yel' fïjd l=vd f.ä f,i ie,l=j;a
i;H jYfhkau mqx mqIam uxcßhhs'
tuksid tfia l=vd f.ä j, l=Kqùula
oelsh yels kï th mqx mqIam uxcßho
ke;skï i;H jYfhkau f.ä njg m;a
jQ tajd o hkak iaÒrju oek.; hq;=h' mqx
mqIam uxcßh kï mrd. iemhSfuka miq
Rhizopus wdidokfhka ye,S hdu
idudkH hdka;%Khls' thg m%;sl¾u
wjYH ke;' kuq;a i;H jYfhkau
f.ä njg m;a jQ tajd yef,a kï
uekafldfií jeks os,Sr kdYlhla
fhoSu l< yel' ^ydksh nrm;, f,i
mj;S kï&

*hsfgdmaf;rd ksid isÿjk ydksh

21
m,sfndaO
l| úosk mKqjd (Stem Borer)
(Bactocera rufomaculata)

iqyqUq,a lDñhd

fudjqka fldia j,g muKla

fkdj ¥ßhka" wU w,s.egfmar jeks Ydl
j,g o ydks muqKqjhs' fuu ydksh ksid

l| úosk mKqjd
iqyqUq,a lDñhd lf|a mdoia:hg
wdikakj fmd;af;ys me¿ï w;r ì;a;r
ouhs' ì;a;rfhka msgjk lSghd nyq,
f,iu lf|a t,h fldgi isÿre lrñka
l| ;=<g we;=¨ fõ' fmd;a;g we;=<;ska
i¾ms,dldrj isÿre idoñka l|g ydks
lrhs' ydksh ksid .fia jeãug ndOd
we;s fõ' lSg yd ms,d wjê .i ;=< .;
lrhs' cSjk pl%h iïmQ¾K lsÍug udi
6-12 la .; fõ' fndfyda úg .i mduq,
fldgfia we;s isÿre u.ska iy ta wjg
we;s ,S l=vq yd lSg wmøjH jeks fldgia
j,ska .fiys fuu ydksh mj;sk nj
ks.ukh l< yelsh' fuu ydksh ksid
.i by< isg my<g uerS hk ,l=Kq
fmkakqï lrk w;r" oreKq wdidokhloS
uq¨ .iu ueÍ hdug bv we;'
22
iuyr .ia yosisfhka ñh hhs' ksrka;r
iqmÍlaIdj yd .ia ÿ¾j, ùu j<lajd
.ekSfuka fuu lDñhdf.a ydkshg
,laùu uÕyrjd .; yel' m%Odk l|
yd w;= wdY%s;j we;sjk os,Sr ydks ksido
fuu lDñhd Ydlj,g wdl¾Ykh fõ'
md,kh
Ydlh fi!LH iïmkakj mj;ajd
.; hq;=h' yelskï fmd;af;a we;s Wux
j, we;s mKqjka ^msyshla fyda lïìhla
wdOdrfhka& bj;a lrkak' ydksjQ
fmd;a; lmd bj;a lr tu ia:dk fyd|ska
f;fuk f,i *smafrdks,a ñ,s,Sg¾
1 la c,h ,Sgrhl oshlr biskak'
bka miqj lkavidka ,Sgrhla iuÕ
fmd,sl¾ ñ,s,Sg¾ 10 la ñY%lr kej;
tu ia:dk j, wdf,am lrkak' .fia
w;= lvd jeàu ksid yg.kakd ;=jd,
u;o by; mßosu fuu ñY%Kh wdf,am
lrkak' ueá fyda isfuka;s noduhla
.eiSu uÕska tu ia:dk j, j;=r /|Su
j<lajd.ekSug mshjr .; hq;=h'
ksrka;rj mÍlaIdj u.ska ydkshg
m;a Ydl j,g kej; lDñhdf.a ydkshg
m;aùu j<lajd .; hq;=hs'

wxl=r yd f.ä isÿrelrkakd

(Shoot and Fruit Borer)
(Diaphania caesalis)
ydkshg ,la jQ M,hla

md,kh

f.j;= j.dj,oS fldia .iaj,

M, l=vd ld,fhaoSu fmd,s;Ska u¿ fros
len,s uÕska wdjrKh lsÍfuka ydksh
iqyqUq,a i<nhd ;rula wvq lr.; yelsh'

;ks ;ksj mj;sk f.äj,g jvd ydkshg m;aù we;s f.ä úkdYlr
fmdl=re jYfhka mj;sk wjia:dj,oS M,
oeñh hq;= w;r bka lDñhdf.a .yKho
tlsfkl iam¾Y jk uQKf;a fuu ydkshg
wvqlr .; yel'
,laùu jeäh'
óg wu;rj fld< lk o<Uqjka
j¾Okh jk lSghka fndfyda (Hypsa persecta) l=ä;a;ka (Greenidia
úg f.äfha udxY, fldgi wdydrhg artocarpi) yd m<;=re ueiaid
.kakd kuq;a iuyr wjia:d j, îc (Bactocera dorsalis) jeks lDókao iq¨
j,g yd ,má wxl=r j,go ydks lrhs' jYfhka fldia .ig ydks meñKùug
msg fmd;a; wdikakfha ydks jQ ;eka j, bv ;sfí'
lSghskaf.a nysi%dùh øjH ;sfnkq oelsh
yelsh'

23
 wiajekak
fyd|ska jevqKq fldia .il wjqreÿ
3 - 4 loS muK f.ä yg .ekSug mgka
.kS' kuq;a id¾:l wiajekakla wfmalaId
l< yelafla wjqreÿ 6 - 8 oS muKh'
f.ä yg .ekSu wdrïNfhaoS
idudkHfhka mqudx.S mqIam rdYshla yg
.kakd w;r cdhdx.S mqIam we;af;a b;d
iaj,amhls' tneúka m<uqj f.ä 3 - 4
la muKla yg .kakd w;r mqudx.S mqIam
l¿ ù yels,S jeà hhs' u,a msmS udi 3 - 4
ka miq fïrE f.ä ,nd.; yel' m%fNaoh
wkqj f.ä j, yevh yd nr" uÿ¿j,
iajNdjh wdoS ,laIK fjkia fõ'
idudkHfhka f.ähl nr lsf,da.%Eï
10 - 25 la muK fõ' kuq;a l=re fldia
f.ähl nr lsf,da.%Eï 3 - 5 muK fõ'
wjqreoao ;=< m%Odk fldia jdr
2 ls' ud¾;= - cQks m%Odk fldia jdrh
jk w;r fkdjeïn¾ - ckjdß wfkla
jdrhhs' uekúka kv;a;= lrk ,o
wjqreÿ 25 la muK jhi .ilska
j¾IhloS lsf,da.%Eï 400 - 600 muK
wiajekakla n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yelsh'
uq,a wjia:dfõoS j¾Ihla ;=< lsf,da.%Eï
150 la muK M,odjla ,nd .; yelsh'
24
wiajkq fk<Su yd mYapd;a
wiajkq l%shdj,Ska
úúO mßfNdack wjYH;djhka
wkqj M, fk,d .kakd wjia:do
fjkia fõ' fkdfïrE M, j, lgq b;d
<Õska msysgd we;s w;r idudkHfhka
;o fld<mdáka o hqla; fõ' f.ähla
fyd|ska fudard w;aoehs mÍlaId lsÍu
i|yd l%u lsysmhla wkq.ukh l< yels
w;r ta i|yd ukd m<mqreoaola o ;sìh
hq;=h' fïrE M, fk,SfïoS"
- M,fha wdjrKfha mdg fjkia ùu'
Wod (- fld< mdg isg ly fld<
mdgg yeÍu
- M,fha lgq fyd|ska jeã úisÍ ;=kS
ù ;sîu'
- m;% kgqj wi, we;s wjidk m;%h
ly meyehg yeÍu'
- M,hg weÕs,af,ka ;Ügq
lsÍfuka fnd,a y`vla ke.Su" wdoS
lreKq .ek ie,ls,su;a jkak'
bÿkq M, fk,SfïoS bka ksl=;a jk
wdfõKsl iqjf|ka th boS we;s nj oek
.; yelsh'
M,h fk,d .ekSug ,Kqjla
Ndú;d l< yels w;r tysoS ,Kqj
f.äfha kgqfõ .eg .id f.äh ìug
m%fõYfuka nd .ekSu b;d fhda.H fõ'
 fk,d .;a M,hg kgqj foiska
.id uÿ¿ olajd fmd;a; msysfhka lmd
bj;afldg uÿ¿ msyshlska .e,ùu fyda
fldia f.äh y;rg m,d jy,a, bj;a
fldg uÿ¿ w;ska .e,ùu fyda l< yel'
m%jdykfhaoS M, j,g iq¿
;=jd,hla fyda isÿ fkdùug j. n,d
.; hq;=h' fï i|yd M, w;rg mr`ve,a
fyda fjk;a tjeks iqÿiq øjHhla fhdod
m%jdykh l< yel'
.nvd lsÍu
fïrE M, fk,d .ekSfuka miqj
jeä ld,hla tf,i ;nd .; fkdyel'
tajd b;d blaukska ^osk 2 - 4& boSug
Ndckh fõ' fï ksid wiajekak jeä
ld,fhaoS wiajkq ydksh yd kdia;sh
jeäh'
fuh j<lajd .ekSug uÿ¿ úh<Su"
úc,kh lsÍu yd áka lsÍu wdosh isÿlr
l,a ;nd .; yel'
fj<|fmd< yd wf,úh
fldia ^oej& wo fj<|fmdf<a we;s
m<uq mx;sfha oej ldKavhg .efka'
fuys ñ," oejfha ;;a;ajh" .=Kd;auh
25
yd fhdod.kakd wdldrh wkqj fjkia
fõ' w;S;fha fuu oejh f.j;= j,ska
,nd .;a;;a" oekg th j.dlr oejhla
f,i Ndú;d lrk ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;'
M,fha úúO wjia:djka l=vd
M, ^fmdf,dia&" fkdfïrE ^ue,a¨ï
fldia&" fïrE M, ^fldia& bÿkq M, ^je,
fyda jrld& f,i wdydrhg .kS' .%dóh
m%foaYj, wiajkq ld,h ;=< fuu M,
wi,ajdiSkayg fkdñf,a ,nd ÿkako"
kd.ßl m%foaYj, fldia i|yd ie,lsh
hq;= ñ,la f.úh hq;=h'
w;S;fhaoS fmd<g muKla iSudù
;snQ fldia fj<|du oeka oeka m%Odk
ud¾. fomi ;nd wf,ú lsÍu olajd o"
uÿ¿ jYfhka fyda úc,kh lr" melÜ
j, wiqrd iqmsß fj<|ie,a lrdo .uka
lr we;' fuu uÿ¨" nE.a l< miq lsf,da
tll ñ< re' 100'00 muK fõ' kuq;a
fmdf,dia" fldia" jrld hk wdldr
wkqj ñ, fjkia fõ'
fuhg wu;rj" wuq uÿ¨ f,io"
fmdf,dia weUq,a fyda bÿkq miq jrld
f,io" áka lr fj<|fmd<g tùu fï
jk úg isÿfõ' ta i|yd foaYShj kd.ßl
m%foaY j,o" wmkhk fj<|fmd< f,i
wrdìlrfha rgj, o jeä b,a¨ula mj;S'
jrld hqIo m%kS; mdkhls'