Name: GALLERO, ELVIE GRACE, G.

Course, Year, Section: BSED SCI 2C

Group #: 3

Distillation: Identifying New Substance Through Separation

Have you ever wondered how salt can be separated from water, or acetone from a
solution of water? It’s quite impossible to think, but science is like magic; it can make the
impossible things possible in different ways.
With the use of a simple distillation process, salt, acetone, and ethanol can be pretty
much separated from the water. In this process, evaporation (which is when a liquid turns from
liquid into vapor) condensation (which happens when vapor turns back into liquid again) play a
vital role in making the procedure feasible. Distillation can be achieved when there is a
difference in the boiling points of two liquids. One with higher degrees and one with lower
degrees makes up a distillation process. The one with a lower boiling point will condense into
vapor, whereas the one with a higher boiling point will remain at the bottom of the distillation
flask.
For instance, we will use salt water to undergo the simple distillation process. First, salt
water should be put in a distillation flask. The simple distillation set up must be done within a
fume hood. Although this distillation might not be harmful, it is still vital to observe safety
precautions at all times. Using the Bunsen burner, we will heat up the solution. Then we can turn
the cold water on from a condensation tube. As the solution is heated, the temperature will rise
and will be indicated by a thermometer. Evaporation begins to occur gradually as it boils, and
when it reaches 100°C, vapor begins to occur.

As the heating continues, evaporation increases. Due to the high pressure within the
round bottom flask, the water vapor escapes from the boiling liquid. It will pass through the
round bottom flask throat and will directly travel into the condensation chamber. When cold
water flows in the opposite direction of vapor, the temperature drops. When the vapor passes
through the condensation tube, it will now condense vapor and it will turn back into a liquid.
Considering the inclined position of the tube, the water will directly flow from the tube to the
beaker.
Now, the water in the beaker is considered portable water that is safe for human
consumption. On the contrary, salt from the round bottom flask or distillation flask will start to
appear while it continually boils. Eventually, salt particles are visible at the bottom of the flask
and the water is separated in the beaker.
Discovering these uses and applications helped the world develop rapidly. More uses of
distillation are being used right now in order to meet someone's needs. Making a liquid mixture
boil and using selective boiling is a great way to separate things out of a mixture. It is done by
converting a homogeneous mixture into vapor through the boiling and condensation of the
purified liquid. These processes are essential in making the distillation process work, so
acknowledging how it works is truly a mystery that only science can explain.
We are all aware that many laboratories use distillation to separate and purify
components of a liquid mixture. The following apparatus are used in the distillation
Name: GALLERO, ELVIE GRACE, G. Course, Year, Section: BSED SCI 2C
Group #: 3
experimental set up:
Stand. It is essential that all equipment used for conducting experiments be held firmly in place
during the process. The most common type of fastening and supporting apparatus is the stand.
In the chemistry lab, stands, or "retort stands," are commonly used. For illustration, stands are
employed in distillation experiments (such as organic distillations) and titration (where they hold
a burette). A stand is also a piece of scientific apparatus designed to hold additional apparatus
and glassware (burettes, test tubes, and flasks).
Boss head. Boss heads are clamps that are used to connect rods and bars. Adjustment screws
on boss heads are frequently made of metal or plastic. Consider the size of the rods or bars that
can be accepted when choosing a boss head. 
Thermometer. A thermometer is integrated into the set-up because it helps to keep track of
how the procedure is going. It is positioned in the flask's neck to enable temperature monitoring
of the vapor. The temperature reading is crucial since, under typical circumstances, the boiling
point of the substance being collected and temperature of the vapor flowing through are the
same. With thermometer, it is possible to regulate the temperature of the vapor to match the
boiling point of the required component in the heated liquid.
Round bottom flask. This flask shape (sphere) distributes stress more evenly across its surface
and more resistant to breaking under vacuum. Chemists frequently use this to contain chemical
processes. For example, it holds salt water throughout the distillation process. The flask has
two chambers; one for evaporation and one for condensation. The salt water evaporates in the
evaporation chamber and flows into the condensation room. The temperature inside the
condensation chamber will be low due to the steady flow of water within the cooling chamber.
Inlet and outlet pipe. These pipes are attached to the condenser to provide a continuous flow of
water inside the cooling chamber. The inlet pipe is where the cold water enters. On the other
hand, the outlet pipe is where the water comes out.
Bung. Bung's primary function is a plug, which is frequently applied in fractional distillation. It is
used to close the opening of the round bottom flask. Since pressure will increase as the system
is heated, it prevents the container's vapor from escaping. It also limits the amount of moisture
that can contact the solution. Lastly, the bung helps in keeping the thermometer in place.
Beaker. The beaker is a flat cylindrical container that is used as a receiving container for
distillation to hold various extraction layers and as the reaction flask. It is also defined as the
device into which the concentrate or distillate is collected.
Bunsen burner. In order for the distillation process to take place, a Bunsen burner is used to
heat the solution inside a round-bottom flask. Without it, the reaction wouldn't take place.