PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

BAYAMBANG CAMPUS
College of Teacher Education
A.Y. 2022-2023

Discussant:
Jasmin R. Miguel
BEE-EGE I-1

LESSON 2: SEXUAL SELF

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS

I. INTRODUCTION

The characteristics that divide males and females are called sex
characteristics. Sex characteristics are either primary or secondary depending on when
they develop in an organism’s life. Typically, primary sex characteristics are those that
are developed and present at birth. This may include sexual organs such as the penis,
testes, uterus, and ovaries. In contrast, secondary sex characteristics are those that
develop as an organism enters puberty or sexual maturity. They may include body hair,
particular odors, and even behaviors. You may have noticed the differences in physical
traits between the two sexes. Without even realizing it, you were likely thinking about
both primary and secondary characteristics.

II. BODY/ CONTENT

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS

a.) Primary Sexual Characteristics

b.) Secondary Sexual Characteristics

The development of both primary and secondary sexual characteristics begins during
late childhood and continues throughout early adolescence.

 PRIMARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS refer to the reproductive organs

themselves, the vagina, ovaries and uterus in the females and testes in males.
  The primary sex characteristic changes for girls includes the uterus starting to
build a lining that will later be shed through the process of menstruation, and the
vagina beginning to produce a mucus-like discharge. This mucus-like discharge
is not actual menstruation but rather an early form of vaginal lubrication. These
changes can happen months or just weeks before a girl experiences menarche,
or her first menstrual period. Every youth's experience is slightly different.
 Primary sex characteristic changes for males include the enlargement of the
testes, penis, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles. These changes normally
begin to occur between the ages of 9 and 14 years. Their growth is generally
completed between ages 12 and 16 years.
 SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS refers to the other characteristic
indicators of adult male and female bodies.
 Secondary sexual characteristics are those that emerge during the prepubescent
through post pubescent phases.
 Secondary sexual characteristics are features that develop during puberty.
 Sexual differentiation begins during gestation, when the gonads form. General
habitus and shape of body and face, as well as sex hormone levels, are similar in
prepubertal boys and girls. As puberty progresses and sex hormone levels rise,
obvious differences appear.

Male levels of testosterone directly induce growth of the testicles and penis, and
indirectly (via dihydrotestosterone (DHT)) the prostate.

For males, secondary characteristics include facial and chest hair, increased body hair,
pelvic build (lack of rounded hips), upper body muscular build, and the ability to
generate muscle mass at a faster rate than the female.

For females, secondary sex characteristics include relative lack of body hair, thicker hair
on the head (in some cases), rounded hips/figure, a decreased ability to generate
muscle mass at a fast rate, decreased upper body strength, breasts, ability to nurse
children, a menstrual cycle, and increased body fat composition.

In females, breasts are the most obvious manifestation of higher levels of estrogen;
estrogen also widens the pelvis and increases the amount of body fat in hips, thighs,
buttocks, and breasts. Estrogen also induces growth of the uterus, proliferation of the
endometrium, and menses.

III. SUMMARY / CONCLUSION

Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood.

Children who are entering adolescence are going through many changes (physical,
intellectual, personality and social developmental). Adolescence begins at puberty,
which now occurs earlier, on average, than in the past. Adolescents are also developing
socially and emotionally during this time. Adolescent thinking is on a higher level than
that of children. Children are only able to think logically about the concrete, the here and
now.

There are three main physical changes that come with adolescence:
•The growth spurt (an early sign of maturation)
•Primary sex characteristics (changes in the organs directly related to
reproduction)
•Secondary sex characteristics (bodily signs of sexual maturity that do not
directly involve reproductive organs).

IV. REFERENCES

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/460895936/CHAPTER-2-Unpacking-The-Self?
fbclid=IwAR2X8oDfhSUvlSB43hwtMqHaYGD3zbzJcjK0_AuXDdaCzawcM85yWQWHgy
w

https://www.mentalhelp.net/adolescent-development/physical-changes-with-puberty/?
fbclid=IwAR0LE_Qw1iF7CuVaof0BDRHKllUqbbUpfwtE12RZ3BdKobtMxU3w-4mRWk8

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/primary-sexual-
characteristics?fbclid=IwAR0Pf0cb8WyqgqVXXimauPZ1AO1FJAP509p-afdn-
IK1dz_gLdgjQcTJWO4

https://www.britannica.com/science/primary-sex-character

https://nobaproject.com/modules/adolescent-development

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7060-adolescent-development

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

 BAYAMBANG CAMPUS
College of Teacher Education
A.Y. 2022-2023

Discussant:
Dominique Maxene D. Garcia
BEE-EGE I-1

UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE AND ITS CYCLE

I. INTRODUCTION

Many people think about sex from time to time, but few of them give the acts
as much thought as William Masters and Virginia Johnson. The Masters and Johnsons
research team were pioneers in the field of sexuality. Together, they created a model of
the physiological changes that occur when one is sexually stimulated. This model is
called "the human sexual response and cycle". The sexual response cycle refers to the
sequence of physical and emotional changes that occur as a person becomes sexually
aroused and participates in sexually stimulating activities, including intercourse
and masturbation. Knowing how your body responds during each phase of the cycle
can enhance your relationship and help you pinpoint the cause of any sexual problems.

II. BODY/ CONTENT

What are the phases of the human sexual response cycle?

 The sexual response cycle, according to William Masters and Virginia Johnson,
has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Both men and
women experience these phases, although the timing is usually different. For
example, it is unlikely that both partners will reach orgasm at the same time. In
addition, the intensity of the response and the time spent in each phase vary
from person to person.

There are two lovebirds named Alex and Cassey. These two are so in love that just
staring at each other stimulates the brain into releasing feel-good chemicals like
dopamine, the same chemicals that are released in response to cocaine and nicotine.
So what happens next is brought to you by the limbic system. That's the part of your
brain that's responsible for keeping us humans alive all these years. It controls our fight-
or-flight response, our emotions, and our desire to eat. It also makes us want to
reproduce, i.e., have sex, which is exactly what these two are about to do. Let's look at
the first step in the process, which is EXCITEMENT.
  Phase 1: Excitement
- In the excitement stage, the body prepares for sexual activity by tensing
muscles and increasing heart rate and blood pressure. In the male, blood
flows into the penis, causing it to become erect; in the female, the vaginal
walls become moist, the inner part of the vagina becomes wider, and the
clitoris enlarges.
General characteristics of the excitement phase, which can last from a few minutes to
several hours, include the following:

 Muscle tension increases.

 Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated.
 Skin may become flushed (blotches of redness appear on the chest and back).
 Nipples become hardened or erect.
 Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in swelling of the woman's clitoris and
labia minora (inner lips), and erection of the man's penis.
 Vaginal lubrication begins.
 The woman's breasts become fuller and the vaginal walls begin to swell.
 The man's testicles swell, their scrotum tightens and begin secreting a lubricating
liquid.

When Cassey and Alex start smooching, their lips have a hundred times more
highly sensed nerve endings than their fingertips, so even a peck sets off fireworks in
their brains. Both of their nipples are getting hard and increasing blood flow is
happening. In Alex's penis, it makes it stand at attention. Cassey's vagina is getting in
the mood to swell at this point. Their brains are suppressing the stress-causing
hormone cortisol, so all their thoughts are gone. They are feeling the first phase, which
is excitement The heart rate quickens, and breathing is accelerated. Skin may become
flushed (blotches of redness appear on the chest and back). Then their bodies start
producing up to 30% immunity-boosting chemicals, and they are entering the second
phase the second phase, which is the PLATEAU.
Phase 2: Plateau

- In the plateau stage, breathing becomes more rapid and the muscles

continue to tense; the glans at the head of the penis swells and
the testes enlarge in the male; in the female, the outer vagina contracts and
the clitoris retracts.

General characteristics of the plateau phase, which extends to the brink of orgasm, include
the following:

 The changes begun in phase 1 are intensified.

 The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow, and the vaginal walls turn
a dark purple.
  The woman's clitoris becomes highly sensitive (may even be painful to touch) and
retracts under the clitoral hood to avoid direct stimulation from the penis.
 The man's testicles tighten.
 Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure continue to increase.
 Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and hands.
 Muscle tension increases.

Once the penetration occurs, Alex's heart rate rises by about 130 beats per
minute, which is the same as if you'd just climbed two flights of stairs. Associated with
intense feelings, their skin's electrical resistance increases, causing heightened
sensitivity and both Cassey's and Alex's bodies are now on full sensory overload.
Cassey's nerve and muscle tension build up through her vagina, butt, and thighs until
the single moment when all of that business below the belt contracts at the same time.
That means she's hit stage three, orgasm.

Phase 3: Orgasm
The orgasm is the climax of the sexual response cycle. It is the shortest of the phases and
generally lasts only a few seconds. General characteristics of this phase include the
following:

 Involuntary muscle contractions begin.
 Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are at their highest rates, with a rapid
intake of oxygen.
 Muscles in the feet spasm.
 There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual tension.
 In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus also undergoes rhythmic
contractions.
 In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis result in the
ejaculation of semen.
 A rash, or "sex flush" may appear over the entire body.

The muscular contractions that Cassey feels occur literally faster than you can blink.
Cassey's brain is now pumping full of dopamine and releasing oxytocin, which some
people call the love hormone. Alex is having a different experience. First, the semen
goes into the urethra. Next, the prostate glands secrete a fluid into the semen that
improves the movements of Alex's little swimmers. Finally, the urethra, penis, and
prostate gland all contract in unison to shoot the semen out of his penis. Alex gets other
brain chemicals so that rational thinking is actually deactivated. Among these chemicals
is one that makes him really sleepy. All this intense activity just lasts for 15 seconds
after they both arrive at phase 4, the RESOLUTION.

 Phase 4: Resolution
 During resolution, the body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning and
swelled and erect body parts return to their previous size and color. This phase is marked
by a general sense of well-being, enhanced intimacy and, often, fatigue. Some women are
capable of a rapid return to the orgasm phase with further sexual stimulation and may
experience multiple orgasms. Men need recovery time after orgasm, called a refractory
period, during which they cannot reach orgasm again. The duration of the refractory period
varies among men and usually lengthens with advancing age.

Cassey and Alex's blood pressure gradually returns to normal as blood is pumped
away from their sexy bits. They bask in the glow of endorphins and feel-good hormones
while talking about whatever is on their minds at the time. Or, more realistically, fueled
by oxytocin, also known as the cuddling hormone.

THE HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE ACCORDING TO HELEN SINGER KAPLAN

While Masters and Johnson propose a four-stage model of human sexual

response (excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution), Helen Singer Kaplan's model has
only three stages:  desire, excitement, and orgasm. Because Kaplan was primarily a
sex therapist, it was important to her that she have a model of sexual response that she
could use to help her clients.  The model she developed met this need better than
Masters and Johnson's for a couple of reasons.  First, she was able to combine what
Masters and Johnson had split into the two phases of excitement and plateau into the
one phase of excitement.  An "Excitement" phase was more relevant when discussing
sexual response with clients.   Most of us had no idea what "plateau" was, but certainly
could relate to "excitement."  For most of us, "plateau" is simply more "advanced"
excitement and there is no need to distinguish it as an entirely different phase.    She
also eliminated the "resolution" stage, believing it to be the absence of sexual response
rather than part of the sexual response cycle itself. More importantly for Kaplan's sex
therapy clients, her model included an essential stage of human sexual response that
Masters and Johnson's did not:  DESIRE.  Lack of desire is the most common problem
that clients bring to sex therapists. Consequently, because Kaplan's model distinguishes
desire as an independent component of the sexual response cycle, her model has
become a very useful one for both therapists and their clients. Because it has three
phases, her model is called "Kaplan's Triphasic Model of Sexual Response."

“THE FEMALE SEXUAL RESPONSE” IN 2000 BY ROSEMARY BASSON

Rosemary Basson wrote “The Female Sexual Response” in 2000

She constructed a new model of female sexual response that incorporates the

importance of emotional intimacy, sexual stimuli, and relationship satisfaction. This
model acknowledges that female sexual functioning proceeds in a more complex and
circuitous manner than male sexual functioning and that female functioning is
dramatically and significantly affected by numerous psychological & social issues
(e.g., satisfaction with the relationship, self-image, and previous negative sexual
experiences).

According to Basson, women have many reasons for engaging in sexual activity
other than sexual hunger or drive, as the traditional male model suggests. Although
many women may experience spontaneous desire and interest while in the throes of a
new sexual relationship or after a long separation from a partner, most women in long-
term relationships do not frequently think of sex or experience spontaneous hunger for
sexual activity.

Responsive Sexual Desire

If you don’t experience spontaneous desire, Basson suggests that a desire for
increased emotional closeness and intimacy or overtures from a partner may
predispose a woman to participate in sexual activity. From this point of sexual neutrality
—where a woman is receptive to being sexual but does not initiate sexual activity— the
desire for intimacy prompts her to seek ways to become sexually aroused via
conversation, music, reading or viewing erotic materials, or direct stimulation. Once she
is aroused, sexual desire emerges and motivates her to continue the activity.

Women’s desire, especially after the first 6-12 months in a relationship, tends to
be responsive rather than spontaneous, say sex therapist Barry McCarthy & sex
educator Emily Nagoski. There is nothing wrong if you have responsive sexual desire.
Responsive desire means that you don’t have spontaneous desire when you’re going
about your day, but once you start to interact with your partner, your desire comes as a
response this interaction.

You only need to be willing to enter into a connection, even if you feel no desire.
This of course depends on feeling that your relationship is satisfying & secure. Without
a “good enough” relationship, you probably won’t be willing to enter into any sexual
encounter. The essence of healthy sexuality is giving & receiving pleasure-oriented
touch, says Barry McCarthy. It’s important to understand that there are five gears
(types) of touch, just like there are five gears in your car. You can enter into a
connection with your partner even when your desire is neutral or zero.

On the road to satisfaction, there are many points of vulnerability that may derail
or distract a woman from feeling sexually fulfilled. The Basson model clarifies that the
goal of sexual activity for women is not necessarily orgasm but rather personal
satisfaction, which can manifest as physical satisfaction (orgasm) and/or emotional
satisfaction (a feeling of intimacy and connection with a partner).  The essence of
satisfaction is that you feel good about yourself as a sexual being & that you feel
energised as a sexual couple.

III. SUMMARY / CONCLUSION

 The sexual response cycle, as initially outlined by William H. Masters and
Virginia E. Johnson in 1966, has four distinct phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution. This model can provide a starting point for exploring the body’s responses to
sexual activity. Still, many sexual medicine experts point out that the process leading
from initial arousal to resolution is not always so linear, particularly for women. For this
reason, the female sexual medicine community generally accepts an alternative model,
the nonlinear model of sexual response, which Rosemary Basson developed in the
early 2000s. In 1977, the Helen Kaplan model included an essential stage of human
sexual response that Masters and Johnson's did not: DESIRE. According to Helen
Kaplan is the most common problem that clients bring to sex therapists.

Understanding these differences may help partners better understand one

another's bodies and responses and enhance the sexual experience. For health care
providers, it can be useful to have a general understanding of the sexual response cycle
to properly diagnose, support, and treat patients who are dealing with sexual
dysfunctions like erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, and anorgasmia.
Providers may choose to use these sexual response cycle models to explain common
physical responses to sexual stimulation to patients, but in doing so, they should bear in
mind that all individuals and sexual experiences are unique. It may be beneficial for a
provider to share with patients (particularly those experiencing sexual dysfunction) that
sex can be pleasurable and satisfying even without an orgasm and suggest ways to
foster sexual intimacy between partners that are not orgasm-focused.

IV. REFERENCES

https://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/sexual-health-your-guide-to-sexual-
response-cycle#:~:text=The%20sexual%20response%20cycle%20has,orgasm%20at
%20the%20same%20time

https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexual-response-cycle

https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexual-response-cycle#ref1075662

https://vivianbaruch.com/vivian-baruch-relationship-coach-counsellor-accredited-sex-
therapist-clinical-supervisor/free-stuff-3/toolkit/marty-klein/basson-model-of-sexual-
response/#:~:text=The%20Basson%20model%20clarifies%20that,and%20connection
%20with%20a%20partner

https://youtu.be/zQ2qIjfYfAM

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

BAYAMBANG CAMPUS
 College of Teacher Education
A.Y. 2022-2023

Discussant:
Nerissa M. Lagasca
BEE-EGE I-1

UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY OF LUST, LOVE, AND ATTACHMENT BY HELEN

FISHER

I. INTRODUCTION

Have you heard of or encountered lust, love, or attachment? Do you have

experience of falling in love or having romantic love for someone? In the book “Why We
Love: The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love” that was written in 2016 by an
anthropologist named Helen Fisher, she presents the results of research that was done
on 32 people who had fallen madly in love, and using the results, the author explains
what one feels when they fall in love, why someone chooses to love one person and not
another one, and how sex drive and attachment to a partner are affected by romantic
love. According to Fisher, love is like a drug addiction, and when people fall in love, they
experience an increase in the blood flow in their brains and the primordial regions of
their brains brighten up, creating a romantic feeling. People in love develop increased
energy, experience lack of sleep and mood swings, and do not feel like eating. They
also get excited whenever they see the person they have fallen in love with (Fisher,
2004). She also explained that there are three stages or categories of romantic love,
and these are lust, romantic attraction, and attachment. Each category is characterized
by its own set of hormones stemming from the brain.

II. BODY/CONTENT

Love can be distilled into three categories: lust, attraction, and attachment.
Though there are overlaps and subtleties between each, each type is characterized by
its own set of hormones. Lust is driven by testosterone and estrogen, while attraction is
created by dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, and attachment is mediated by
oxytocin and vasopressin. Lust (erotic passion) is driven by the desire for sexual
gratification, and it can trigger a sexual drive, wherein Libido is a person's overall sexual
drive or desire for sexual activity. The sex drive evolved to motivate individuals to seek
sexual union with any appropriate partner. The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big
role in lust because it stimulates the production of the sex hormones testosterone and
estrogen from the testes and ovaries. As it turns out, testosterone increases libido and
drives sexual desire in just about everyone. The effects are less pronounced with
estrogen, but some women report being more sexually motivated around the time they
ovulate, when estrogen levels are highest. When people are in the stage of lust, they
feel physically attracted and drawn to their object of affection. But it will not guarantee a
long-lasting relationship because some only want a fuckbuddy (fubu) relationship, and if
they're not satisfied anymore, they have the right to leave their fuckbuddy.

Attraction (romantic passion) seems to be a distinct, though closely related,

phenomenon. While we can certainly lust after someone we are attracted to and vice
versa, one can happen without the other. Attraction involves the brain pathways that
control "reward" behavior, which partly explains why the first few weeks or months of a
relationship can be so exhilarating and even all-consuming. You will begin to crave your
partner’s presence. There is excitement and hyper, and according to Helen, there are 3
chemicals responsible for this. High levels of dopamine and a related hormone,
norepinephrine, are released during attraction. These chemicals make us giddy,
energetic, and euphoric, even leading to decreased appetite and insomnia – which
means you can be so "in love" that you can’t eat and can’t sleep. Dopamine is
associated with motivation and goal-directed behavior. It makes you pursue your object
of affection. It creates a sense of novelty where the person seems exciting, special, or
unique enough that you want to tell the world about his or her admirable qualities and
the high associated with increased dopamine makes romantic attraction somewhat akin
to the process of becoming slowly addicted to someone. And lastly, serotonin, which is
thought to cause obsessive thinking. It's a hormone that’s known to be involved in
appetite and mood. Interestingly, people who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder
also have low levels of serotonin, leading scientists to speculate that this is what
underlies the overpowering infatuation that characterizes the beginning stages of love.

Finally, attachment (commitment) is the predominant factor in long-term

relationships. It involves the desire for a lasting commitment, and you see yourself with
him or her. Attachment is about feeling deeply connected to someone more than your
physical lust and attraction. The two primary hormones here appear to be oxytocin
(cuddle hormone) and vasopressin, which are the ones responsible for having a long
relationship with someone.

III. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION

Falling in love/love has three categories: lust, attraction, and attachment, and
these three have a contribution to ourselves. Testosterone and estrogen drive lust;
dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin create attraction; oxytocin and vasopressin
mediate attachment. It's more than lust. Love is more than lust and it pushes you to
open yourself up completely to another person, to really be seen and understood. And
despite the possibility of heartbreak, we do it anyway. Love is a huge risk, but it seems
to be the one we're all willing to take. Some of us misinterpret or struggle with
determining our feelings, whether they're lust, attachment, or attraction. So, it's
important to know and understand the difference between these three before you
pursue someone because it's difficult if you're making decisions based on your
temporary feelings. It's also crucial to have a separate area for attachment, lust, and
attraction. Everyone can define love for themselves. And, for better or for worse, if it’s
all hormones, maybe each of us can have "chemistry" with just about anyone. But
whether it goes further is still up to the rest of you.

IV. REFERENCES

UTS Lecture about Understanding the Chemistry of Lust, Love and Attachment -
Understanding the Self - StuDocu

Understanding the SELF.docx - Understanding the Chemistry of Lust, Love, and

Attachment According to anthropologist Helen Fisher (2016) there are three | Course
Hero

Understanding the Chemistry of Lust Love and Attachment According to | Course Hero
Varsity Explains: The chemistry of chemistry, the science of love | Varsity
Fisher, Helen:- The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love -
(studyresearchpapers.com)

Love, Actually: The science behind lust, attraction, and companionship - Science in the
News (harvard.edu)
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
BAYAMBANG CAMPUS
College of Teacher Education
A.Y. 2022-2023

Discussant:
Dominique Maxene D. Garcia
Nerissa M. Lagasca
Jasmin R. Miguel
BEE-EGE I-1

THE DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

I. INTRODUCTION

Diversity is all the way we’re different from each other. Each person's
sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression are a part of who they are.
Sexuality is an essential and natural characteristic of all people that begins in early
childhood. In a society where gender and sexual diversity are fully recognized,
accepted, and included, all people feel free to embody traits that are labelled as
feminine and masculine and to express them through their personality, appearance, and
behavior. People have diverse sexual identities; "orientation" (who you are attracted to)
and "gender identity" (whether and how you identify as a male or female) and being
able to express these parts of your sexuality is very important and should be respected.
It is also crucial to respect other people’s orientation and gender identity.

II. BODY/CONTENT

WHAT IS DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR?  

 Refers to all the diversities of sex characteristics, sexual orientations, and

gender identities, without the need to specify each of the identities, behaviors, or
characteristics that form this plurality. Adolescence is not only a time of physical
changes; it is also a period of increased sexual behaviors such as preoccupation with
sexual curiosity, fantasies, masturbation, and sexual experimentation. Human sexual
behavior is any activity, solitarily or by group, that induces sexual arousal. It can be
classified according to gender and the number of participants. Not all sexual arousals
can lead to sexual activity. Humans are constantly exposed to sexual stimuli when
seeing attractive people or seeing advertisements with sexual themes through mass
media.
SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
Sexual behavior has two types, and these are the sociosexual behavior and solitary
behavior.
Solitary Behavior
Solitary sexual activity, also known as self-masturbation or self-stimulation, is common
in private males and females at the start of adolescence. Human sexual behavior is
greatly influenced by our intimate relationships and our feelings for one another. How
we behave sexually is determined not only by hormones but also by how we feel and
think about sex. The ability to become sexually aroused is already present in childhood.
But the intensity, or the strength, of the sexual drive increases at puberty, which is why
we talk about the awakening of sexual interest during adolescence.
PERSPECTIVE ABOUT SOLITARY BEHAVIOR
We have different perspectives about solitary behavior, commonly called masturbation
or self-stimulation, and these are the following:
 According to Rosenthal (2013), it may relieve stress and lower blood pressure in
addition to producing sexual pleasure. It also improves a man's fertility and
lowers a man's chance of getting prostate cancer.
 Another perspective is from Shannon (1913). He said that masturbation is sinful
and dangerous. It may lead to impaired morals, depression, social failure,
epilepsy, tuberculosis, blindness, insanity, sterility, and early death. Erotic
dreams are involuntary images that may occur when people are asleep. Most
females and almost all males report having erotic dreams. In males, it's called
Nocturnal Emission or Wet Dreams. The most common solitary sexual activity is
sexual fantasy. Fantasies can be quick sexual thoughts that cross your mind or
long, drawn-out erotic daydreams. Most everyone has sexual fantasies at one
time or another. But some people fantasize more than others do, and in different
ways. Fantasies can involve thoughts about any sort of sexual activity. Since you
make up your own fantasies, they usually express your sexual needs and
interests. Sexual fantasies can also occur through self-stimulation of the genitals,
a process called masturbation. Many people masturbate, sometimes because
they have no sexual partner but also as another way of reaching orgasm.
Masturbation is like fantasy in many ways. It is usually a solitary activity. Along
with sexual fantasies, masturbation makes it possible for a person to get sexual
 satisfaction without having to rely on someone else or without engaging in risky
behavior.

Sociosexual Behavior
Sociosexual behavior is a sexual behavior involving more than one person.
Example of this behavior is heterosexual and homosexual behavior. The most important
human activities involve other people. Sex is no exception. Sociosexual behaviors are
those sexual acts done with other people. The most common form of sociosexual sex is
sexual intercourse. It is also called having sex or sleeping together. There are also
many slang terms used to describe the act of sexual intercourse. Those who are
romantically or sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex have a heterosexual
orientation. Those who are similarly attracted to members of the same sex have a
homosexual orientation. Most men and women are heterosexual, but we do not have an
accurate count of what proportion of the population is homosexual. The most reliable
figures show that 2-3% of men and 1% of women are exclusively homosexual, although
twice as many have engaged in homosexual acts or felt sexually attracted to someone
of the same sex sometime during their lifetime.
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
A person's proclivity or predisposition toward sexual behavior, emotional
attachment, or physical contact with one or both sexes. Sexual orientation is about who
you’re attracted to and want to have relationships with. Sexual orientations include gay,
lesbian, straight, bisexual, and asexual.
Sexual orientation is different from gender and gender identity. Sexual orientation
is about who you’re attracted to and who you feel drawn to romantically, emotionally,
and sexually. It’s different than gender identity. Gender identity isn’t about who you’re
attracted to, but about who you ARE — male, female, genderqueer, etc.
This means that being transgender (feeling like your assigned sex is very different
from the gender you identify with) isn’t the same thing as being gay, lesbian, or
bisexual. Sexual orientation is about who you want to be with. Gender identity is about
who you are.
There are a bunch of identities associated with sexual orientation:
Heterosexual - People who’re attracted to a different gender (for example, women who
are attracted to men or men who are attracted to women) often call themselves straight
or heterosexual.
Homosexual - People who’re attracted to a different gender (for example, women who
are attracted to men or men who are attracted to women) often call themselves straight
or heterosexual.
Bisexual - People who’re attracted to both men and women often call themselves
bisexual.
Pansexual - People whose attractions span across many different gender identities
(male, female, transgender, genderqueer, intersex, etc.) may call themselves pansexual
or queer.
Queer - People who’re unsure about their sexual orientation may call themselves
questioning or curious. The term queer can include a variety of sexual identities and
gender identities that are anything other than straight and cisgender. In the past, “queer”
was a word used to hurt and insult people. Some people still find it offensive, particularly
those who remember when that word was used in a painful way. Others now use the
word with pride to identify themselves. You may not want to refer to someone as “queer”
unless you know that’s how they identify themselves. When talking to someone about
their sexual orientation, use the terms that they use. It’s okay (and often encouraged!) to
ask what labels folks prefer.
Asexual - People who don't experience any sexual attraction for anyone often call
themselves asexual. People who identify as asexual don’t really feel sexual attraction
towards anyone. They may think other people are physically attractive, or they may
want to be in romantic relationships with people — but they’re not interested in having
sex or doing sexual things with other people. Asexual people sometimes use the word
“ace” for short.  
Transgender - People have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from the
sex that they were assigned at birth.
Some scientists explain the development of sexual orientation by genetic and
hormonal causes. Others point to psychological or social factors having to do with how
one is brought up. It’s also important to note that some people don't think any of these
labels describe them accurately. Some people don't like the idea of labels at all. Other
people feel comfortable with certain labels and not others. It's up to you to decide how
you want to label yourself, if at all.

III. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION

Adolescence is a time of increased sexual behaviors such as preoccupation

with sexual curiosity, fantasies, masturbation, and sexual experimentation, in addition to
physical changes. Human sexual behavior is any activity, solitary, by pair, or by group,
that induces sexual arousal. It can be classified according to its gender. Sexual
behavior has two types, and these are sociosexual behavior and solitary behavior.

Diversity in sexual orientation is conventionally conceptualized as

heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and transgender, queer, asexual, pansexual, and
bisexual. It’s also important to note that some people don't think any of these labels
describe them accurately. Some people don't like the idea of labels at all. Other people
feel comfortable with certain labels and not others. It's up to you to decide how you want
to label yourself, if at all. It’s okay if you don’t want to be labeled. Only you can decide
what sexual identity best describes you. However, some people may feel that none of
the common labels is appropriate for them. Your sexual orientation and identity can
remain the same throughout your life. Or it can vary depending on who you’re attracted
to, romantically partnered with, or sexually active with. This is completely normal. Once
you claim a label, there’s no reason why it can’t change as you change. Changing how
you identify doesn’t mean that you’re "confused." Many folks, old and young, experience
changes in who they’re attracted to and how they identify. This is called "fluidity."

IV. REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_diversity#:~:text=Gender%20and%20sexual
%20diversity%20(GSD,characteristics%20that%20form%20this%20plurality.

https://youtu.be/n5VztfTnKmU

https://www.ck12.org/book/human-biology-sexuality/section/4.1/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J062v03n03_01?
journalCode=wzaj20&fbclid=IwAR0LE_Qw1iF7CuVaof0BDRHKllUqbbUpfwtE12RZ3Bd
KobtMxU3w-4mRWk8

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation/sexual-orientation