1.

[1 mark]

Which statement about the numbers of protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom is always correct?

A. The number of neutrons minus the number of electrons is zero.

B. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons equals the number of electrons.

C. The number of protons equals the number of electrons.

D. The number of neutrons equals the number of protons.

2. [1 mark]

Which property increases down group 1?

A. First ionization energy

B. Melting point

C. Reactivity

D. Electronegativity

3. [1 mark]

Which statements about the isotopes of chlorine, and , are correct?

I. They have the same chemical properties.

II. They have the same atomic number.

III. They have the same physical properties.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

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4. [1 mark]

Which pair of elements has the greatest difference in electronegativity?

A. Cs and F

B. Cs and Cl

C. Cs and Br

D. Cs and I

5. [1 mark]

Which shows the sub-levels in order of increasing energy in the fourth energy level of an atom?

A.

B.

C.

D.

6. [1 mark]

Which statement about the isotopes of an element is correct?

A. They have the same mass number.

B. They have a different atomic number.

C. They have the same chemical properties.

D. They are located in different places in the periodic table.

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7. [1 mark]

The x-axis of the graph below represents the atomic number of the elements in period 3.

Which variable could represent the y-axis?

A. Melting point

B. Electronegativity

C. Ionic radius

D. Atomic radius

8. [1 mark]

What is the atomic number of a neutral atom which has 51 neutrons and 40 electrons?

A. 40

B. 51

C. 91

D. 131

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9. [1 mark]

Which species has the largest radius?

A. Cl–

B. K

C. Na+

D. K+

10. [1 mark]

The graph below shows the first four ionization energies of four elements A, B, C and D (the letters are
not their chemical symbols). Which element is magnesium?

11. [1 mark]

Between which ionization energies of boron will there be the greatest difference?

A. Between 1st and 2nd ionization energies

B. Between 2nd and 3rd ionization energies

C. Between 3rd and 4th ionization energies

D. Between 4th and 5th ionization energies

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12. [1 mark]

Which metal nitrate solution is coloured?

A.

B.

C.

D.

13. [1 mark]

Which equation represents the second ionization energy of potassium?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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14a. [2 marks]

Strontium exists as four naturally-occurring isotopes. Calculate the relative atomic mass of strontium to
two decimal places from the following data.

6
14b. [3 marks]

The graph of the first ionization energy plotted against atomic number for the first twenty elements
shows periodicity.

Explain why the melting points of the Group 1 metals decrease down the group whereas
the melting points of the Group 7 elements increase down the group.

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15a. [1 mark]

Explain why the relative atomic mass of argon is greater than the relative atomic mass of potassium,
even though the atomic number of potassium is greater than the atomic number of argon.

15b. [1 mark]

Deduce the numbers of protons and electrons in the ion.

16b. [1 mark]

Explain why the ionic radius of a chloride ion is greater than the atomic radius of a chlorine atom.

17a. [2 marks]

Chlorine occurs in Group 7, the halogens.

Chlorine has an electronegativity value of 3.2 on the Pauling scale.

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 Using Table 8 of the Data Booklet, explain the trends in electronegativity values of the Group 7
elements from F to I.

17b. [2 marks]

Two stable isotopes of chlorine are and with mass numbers 35 and 37 respectively.

Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the isotopes 35Cl and 37Cl.

17c. [2 marks]

Using the mass numbers of the two isotopes and the relative atomic mass of chlorine from Table 6 of
the Data Booklet, determine the percentage abundance of each isotope.

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 Percentage abundance 35Cl:

Percentage abundance 37Cl:

18a. [1 mark]

Cobalt forms the transition metal complex [Co(NH3)4 (H2O)Cl]Br.

State the shape of the complex ion.

18b. [2 marks]

Deduce the charge on the complex ion and the oxidation state of cobalt.

19a. [2 marks]

Tin(II) chloride is a white solid that is commonly used as a reducing agent.

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 Outline, giving the full electron configuration of the vanadium atom, what is meant by the term
transition metal.

19b. [6 marks]

Eight successive ionisation energies of vanadium are shown in the graph below:

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(i) State the sub-levels from which each of the first four electrons are lost.

First: Second: Third: Fourth:

(ii) Outline why there is an increase in ionization energy from electron 3 to electron 5.

(iii) Explain why there is a large increase in the ionization energy between electrons 5 and 6.

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 (iv) Vanadium is comprised almost entirely of 51V. State the number of neutrons an atom of 51V has in its
nucleus.

20. [1 mark]

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 Chromium is a transition metal with many uses.

Draw an orbital diagram (using the arrow-in-box notation) showing the electrons in the 4s and 3d sub-
levels in chromium metal.

21a. [2 marks]

Titanium and vanadium are consecutive elements in the first transition metal series.

Titanium exists as several isotopes. The mass spectrum of a sample of titanium gave the following data:

Calculate the relative atomic mass of titanium to two decimal places.

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21b. [1 mark]

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom.

21c. [1 mark] State the full electron configuration of the ion.

21d. [1 mark]

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 Suggest why the melting point of vanadium is higher than that of titanium.

21e. [1 mark]

Describe, in terms of the electrons involved, how the bond between a ligand and a central metal ion is
formed.

22a. [2 marks]

Iron has three main naturally occurring isotopes which can be investigated using a mass spectrometer.

State the full electronic configurations of a Cu atom and a ion.

Cu:

22b. [4 marks]

Explain the origin of colour in transition metal complexes and use your explanation to suggest why
copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4(aq), is blue, but zinc sulfate, ZnSO4(aq), is colourless.

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