I

.Mul
ti
pleChoi
ceques
tions
Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngc
aref
ull
yandc
hoos
ethebes
tans
wer
1

I
.Mul
ti
pleChoi
ceques
tions
Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngc
aref
ull
yandc
hoos
ethebes
tans
wer
1. Managementi
sthepr
oces
sofwor
kthati
nvol
ves
:
a)Gui
danc
etowar
dor
gani
zat
ionalgoal
s
a)Changi
ngt
hes
taf
fat
ti
tude
a)I
ncr
eas
ingt
hes
taf
fapat
hy
b)Mi
nimi
zi
ngt
hes
taf
fli
abi
l
ity
2.Managementi
sthepr
oces
sofget
ti
ngt
hingsdonet
hrought
heef
for
tsof
a)manager
b)per
sonnel
c
)res
our
ces
d)per
son
3.Admi
nis
trat
ionf
unc
tioni
sper
for
medby
a)Topl
evel
b)Mi
ddl
elev
el
c
)Lowerl
evel
d)Al
llev
els
4.Managementf
unc
tioni
sper
for
medby
a)Topl
evel
b)Lowerl
evel
c
)Bas
icl
evel
d)Pr
inc
ipall
evel
5.Managementf
unc
tioni
s
a)For
mul
ati
ngpl
ans
b)Fr
ami
ngpol
i
cies
c
)Put
ti
ngpl
ansi
ntoac
ti
on
d)Set
ti
ngobj
ect
ives
6.Admi
nis
trat
ionf
unc
tion
a)Put
ti
ngpl
ani
ntoac
tion
b)Dec
idewhati
stobedone
c
)Det
ermi
newhowi
l
ldot
hewor
k
d)Howt
hewor
kwi
l
lbedone
7.Managementpr
oces
sInc
ludesal
lthef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
a)pl
anni
ng
b)Or
gani
zi
ng
c
)St
aff
ing
d)Mar
ket
ing
8.Managementpr
oces
shel
pst
o
a.I
ntegr
ater
esour
cesi
nef
fec
tiv
emanner
b.I
ncr
eas
ehumanr
esour
cesf
rus
trat
ion
c
.Inc
reas
eonewayc
ommuni
cat
ion
d.Fac
il
it
atesLaz
ines
s.
9.Manageri
s
a.Per
si
st
entper
son
b.per
fec
tsel
fl
ess
nes
s
c
.ar
rogantper
son
d.Ambi
guousper
son
10. Manageri
s
a.Toughmi
ndedper
son
b.I
ndec
isi
veper
son
c
.Ambi
ti
ousper
son
d.Dependenc
eper
son
11. Managerat
tri
but
esar
eal
lthef
oll ngex
owi cept
a.For
mal
lyappoi
nted
b.Enabl
i
ngot
her
stodot
hei
rwor
kingef
fec
tiv
ely
c
.Ac
count
abl
etos
uper
ior
d.Enc
our
ageot
her
stobemes
sy
12. Tec
hni
cals
kil
lsoft
hemanagerar
e
a.ski
l
lsneededt
oaccompl
ishtas
k
b.ski
ll
susedbymanagert
owor kwi
thhisempl
oyees
c.s
kil
lsofcompr
ehendabs
trac
tsandapplyt
hem i
nsit
uat
ion
 d.s
kil
lst
oev
oket
rus
tofot
her
s

13.Humans
kil
lsofmanagerar
e
a.ski
l
lsneededtoaccomplis
htask
b.ski
ll
susedbymanagert oworkwit
hhisempl
oyees
c.s
kil
lsofcomprehendabstr
act
sandapplyt
hem i
nsit
uat
ion
d.ski
ll
stoevokefrus
trat
ionofot
hers

14.
Conc
ept
uals
kil
lsar
e
a.ski
l
lsneededtoaccomplis
htask
b.ski
ll
susedbymanagert oworkwit
hhisempl
oyees
c.s
kil
lsofcomprehendabstr
act
sandapplyt
hem i
nsit
uat
ion
d.ski
ll
stoevokefrus
trat
ionofot
hers

15.Tec
hni
cals
kil
lsar
eimpor
tantf
ort
he
a.topl evelmanager
b.mi ddlelevelmanager
c.f
irstlinemanager
d.alloft hem

16.
Planni
ngi
s
a.Dec
idi
ngi
nadv
anc
ewhat
,how,andwhen
b.Gr
oupi
ngac
tiv
iti
es&as
signi
ngr
espons
ibi
l
iti
es
c
.Meas
uri
ngandc
orr
ect
ingofper
for
manc
e
d.I
nit
iat
ingac
tiont
owar
dthedes
ir
edobj
ect
ives
17.Pl
anni
ngi
s:
a.pr
oces
sofdi
rec
tinganagenc
y
b.s
ett
inggoal
sanddec
idi
ngonc
our
sesofac
tion
c
.coor
dinat
ingt
hewor
kofs
ubor
dinat
es
d.Thegr
oupi
ngofac
tiv
iti
es

18.Onei
mpor
tanc
eofpl
anni
ngi
sto
a.Summar
izet
hedat
a
b.Reduc
eunc
ert
aint
y(r
educ
egues
swor
k)
c
.Rec
rui
tqual
i
fiedper
sonnel
 d.Es
tabl
i
sht
hec
hai
nofc
ommand
19.
Onei
mpor
tanc
eofpl
anni
ng
a.Provi
deguideforsuperv
isi
on
b.Diagnos
et heworkproblems
c.r
educesthecost(i
mpr oveeff
ici
enc
y)
d.Provi
detoolforev
aluati
on

20.Ac
har
act
eri
sti
cofagoodpl
ani
s
a.
Rigi
dit
y
b.anti
ci
patory
c.
Complexit
y
d.Rel
iabil
i
ty

21.Ones
tepofpl
anni
ngi
s
a.Gi
vi
ngt
hepr
operdi
etatt
ime
b.Gui
denur
seac
tion
c
.Sel
ect
ingac
our
seofac
tion
d.Choos
etheappr
opr
iat
eleader
shi
pst
yle
22.St
epsofpl
anni
ngi
ncl
udesal
lthef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
a.Not
if
yingc
ons
umer
s
b.Es
tabl
i
shi
ngobj
ect
ives
c
.Det
ermi
ningal
ter
nat
ivec
our
ses
d.Sel
ect
ingt
hebes
tsol
uti
on
23.Onet
ypeofpl
anni
ngi
s
a.St
rat
egi
cpl
anni
ng
b.Pr
oces
spl
anni
ng
c
.Sy
stemat
icpl
anni
ng
d.Cont
ingenc
ypl
anni
ng
24.Oneofpl
anni
nghi
erar
chyi
s
a.dec
isi
ons
b.mot
ivat
ions
c
.rul
es
 d.c
ommuni
cat
ion
25.
Adv
ant
agesoft
imemanagemental
lthef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
:
a.Enhanc
epr
oduc
tiv
ity
b.Dec
reas
econf
idenc
e
c
.Mot
ivat
esandI
nit
iat
es
d.Reduc
ess
tres
s
26.
Sympt
omsoft
imemanagementpr
obl
ems
:
a.Lac
koffocus
b.Overbus
y.
c
.Notac
hiev
ingk
eyr
esul
tsandmi
ssi
ngdeadl
i
nes
.
d.Al
lftheabove
27.
Exampl
esofExt
ernalti
mewas
ter
sinc
ludeal
loft
hef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
:

a.Tel
ephonei
nter
rupt
ions
.
b.Soc
ial
i
zing
c
.Vi
si
tor
s.
d.I
nabi
li
tytosay―No.
”
28.
Exampl
esofInt
ernalt
imewas
ter
sal
loft
hef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
::

a.Pr
ocr
ast
inat
ion
b.Fai
l
uret
osetgoal
sandpr
ior
it
ies
.
c
.Inef
fec
ti
vedel
egat
ion.
d.Vi
si
tor
s
29.
Exampl
esofTimemanagementt
ool
s:
a.Ti
mel
ogs
b.Ti
mei
nvent
ori
es
c
.to-do-
li
st
d.Al
loft
heabov
e
30.
OneTec
hni
quest
ost
oppr
ocr
ast
inat
ioni
s:
a.Br
eakal
argej
obi
ntos
mal
lert
ask
s.
b.Ov
erc
ommi
tment
.
c
.Donotdel
egat
ethet
aski
fsomeoneel
ses
houl
ddoi
t.
d.puni
shy
our
sel
ffordoi
ngt
hingsons
chedul
e
31.
Timemanagements
trat
egi
esal
lthef
oll
owi
ngex
cept:

a. Pl
anni
ng
b. Or
gani
zi
ng
c
. I
mpl
ement
ingf
orc
ont
rol
d. Staff
ing
32.Telephonei nt
err
uptions
,soc
ial
iz
ing,v
isi
tor
s,andmeet
ing.Cons
ider
ed
a-externaltimewaster
b-internalti
mewas ter
c-ti
memanagement
d-alloft heabove
33.Processofplanningandexer
cis
ingc
ons
ciousc
ont
rolov
ert
heamountof
ti
mes pentins pec
ifi
cacti
vi
ti
es
a-ti
mewas ter
b-ti
mes c
hedule
c-ti
memanagement
d-procr
as t
inat
ion
34.thetendencytoputof
ftoanotherti
mesomet
hingt
hati
simpor
tantwhi
ch
hademot ionalandnonemoti
onalreas
ons
a-ti
mewas ter
b-ti
mes chedule
c-ti
memanagement
d-procr
astinat
ion
35.todelegat
e:
a-delegat
eimpor t
antwork
b-delegateact
ivi
ti
esyoudon’tl
ike
c-delegat
ejobsthatemploy
eesc anper
for
m bet
tert
hany
ou
d-sel
ec tt
heanyper s
ontodoi t
36.Or
gani
zi
ngi
nmanagementpr
oces
sist
he
a.f
ir
sts
tepofmanagementpr
oces
s
b.s
econds
tepofmanagementpr
oces
s
c
.thi
rds
tepofmanagementpr
oces
s
d.f
ort
hst
epofmanagementpr
oces
s

37.Or
gani
zi
ngi
s
a.Deci
dinginadvancewhat,how,andwhen
b.Groupingac
tiv
iti
es&as
signi
ngrespons
ibi
l
iti
es
c.Measuri
ngandcorr
ect
ingofper
formance
d.I
nit
iat
ingact
iont
owardthedesi
redobjec
tiv
es

38-Or
gani
zi
ngi
s:-
a.Gr
oupi
ngac
tiv
iti
esf
orac
hiev
ingobj
ect
ives
b.Onel
eaderandonepl
anf
oragr
oupofac
tiv
iti
es
c
.As
signdut
iesf
ors
omeoneel
se
d.s
imi
l
ari
tyofac
tiv
iti
es
39.Onebenef
itofor
gani
zi
ngi
s
a.el
i
minat
ingdupl
i
cat
ionofef
for
t
b.det
ermi
ningmanpowerr
equi
red
c
.es
tabl
i
shi
ngt
hec
hai
nofc
ommand
d.r
ecr
uit
ingqual
i
fiedper
sonnel
40.Ones
tepofor
gani
zi
ngi
s
a.Rec
ogni
zi
ngneedf
orac
tion
b.Gat
her
ingNec
ess
aryI
nfor
mat
ion
c
.Ev
aluat
ionofac
tionpat
ter
ns
d.Des
igni
ngahi
erar
chyofr
elat
ions
hips (
Tiet
hegr
oupst
oget
her
)
41.Spanofc
ont
rolmeans
a.Onl
yoneper
soni
sres
pons
ibl
eforal
lper
sonnel
b.Thenumberofper
sonst
hatc
anbes
uper
vis
edbyones
uper
vis
or
c
.Twos
uper
vis
orsar
eres
pons
ibl
eforoneper
son
d.Al
ltheabov
e
42.Spanofc
ont
rolmeans
:
a.t
her
angeofempl
oyeest
obes
uper
vis
edbyamanager
b.t
hef
ormal
i
ty–gr
ant
edi
nfl
uenc
eofapos
it
iont
omak
edec
isi
ons
c
.thedut
ytoc
arr
youtanas
signment
d.pr
oces
sofas
signi
ngat
askt
oas
ubor
dinat
e
 43.Aut
hor
it
ymeans
a.
ther
angeofempl
oyeeswhot
orepor
ttoamanager
b.
ther
ightandpowerofmanagert
omak
edec
isi
ons
c
.thedut
ytoc
arr
youtanas
signment
d.pr
oces
sofas
signi
ngat
askt
oas
ubor
dinat
e
44.Res
pons
ibi
li
tymeans
a.t
her
angeofempl
oyeeswhot
orepor
ttoamanager
ialpos
it
ion
b.t
hef
ormal
i
ty–gr
ant
edi
nfl
uenc
eofapos
it
iont
omak
edec
isi
ons
c
.theobl
i
gat
iont
oper
for
mthedut
ies
d.pr
oces
sofas
signi
ngat
askt
oas
ubor
dinat
e
45.Del
egat
ionmeans
a.t
her
angeofempl
oyeeswhot
orepor
ttoamanager
ialpos
it
ion
b.t
hef
ormal
i
ty–gr
ant
edi
nfl
uenc
eofapos
it
iont
omak
edec
isi
ons
c
.thedut
ytoc
arr
youtanas
signment
d.pr
oces
soft
rans
fer
ri
ngaut
hor
it
ytoas
ubor
dinat
e
46.l
i
neofaut
hor
it
ymeans
:
a.Res
pons
ibi
l
ityf
ort
heout
comeoft
hepr
oces
s
b.Manager
'sr
ight
stoal
loc
ater
esour
ces
c
.Rel
ati
ons
hipbet
weens
uper
iorands
ubor
dinat
e
d.Manager
sinf
luenc
eli
nemanager
sthr
oughs
taf
f'
sadv
ice
47.Uni
tyofc
ommandmeans
a.r
espons
ibi
l
ityf
ort
heout
comeoft
hepr
oces
s
b.managerhasf
ormalaut
hor
it
yov
erhi
ssubor
dinat
es
c
.subor
dinat
esr
ecei
veor
der
sfr
om ones
uper
ior
d.manager
sinf
luenc
eli
nemanager
sthr
oughs
taf
f'
sadv
ice
48.St
affdepar
tmenti
s:
a.gi
vi
ngr
espons
ibi
l
ityf
ort
heout
comeoft
hepr
oces
s
b.det
ermi
ning aut
hor
it
yov
ers
ubor
dinat
es
c
.showi
ngwhor
epor
tst
owhom
 d.Pr
ovi
dingas
sis
tanc
etol
i
nedepar
tment
s
49.RNas
sume24-hourr
espons
ibi
li
tyi
n
a.Cas
emet
hod
b.Func
tionalmet
hod
c
.Pr
imar
ymet
hod
d.Team met
hod

50.Amet
hodofas
signmentofpat
ientc
aret
hatenabl
ess
taf
fnur
set
ogi
vet
otal
c
arei
s
a.Cas
emet
hod
b.Func
tionalmet
hod
c
.Pr
imar
ymet
hod
d.Team met
hod
51.Fr
agment
ati
onofpat
ient
scar
eisonedi
sadv
ant
ageof
a.c
asemet
hod
b.f
unc
tionalmet
hod
c
.pr
imar
ymet
hod
d.t
eam met
hod
52.Anadv
ant
ageoff
unc
tionalmet
hodi
stopr
omot
ing
a.c
ommuni
cat
ionamongs
taf
f
b.c
areef
fi
ci
enc
y
c
.pat
ients
ati
sf
act
ion
d.c
aregi
verc
hal
lenges
53.Di
rec
tingi
s:
a.c
oor
dinat
ingt
hewor
kofs
ubor
dinat
es
b.Es
tabl
i
shi
ngac
hai
nofc
ommand
c
.Ins
truc
tingper
sonneli
nanagenc
y
d.Or
der
ingr
esour
cesi
nanagenc
y
54.Di
rec
tingi
sto
a.Del
egat
eaut
hor
it
y
a.gui
deandi
nst
ruc
tsubor
dinat
e
b.Ar
rangemat
eri
alr
esour
ces
c
.Meas
urer
esul
tsofoper
ati
on

55.Di
rec
tingi
sto
a.Har
moni
zeef
for
tsi
nac
ommonac
tion
b.I
nst
ruc
ting,gui
ding,s
uper
vis
ings
ubor
dinat
es
c
.Des
ignadet
ail
eds
chemeormet
hod
d.Ar
rangehumanandmat
eri
alr
esour
ces
56.Thenur
semanagerappl
ydi
rec
tingel
ementt
o
a.Del
egat
eaut
hor
it
y
b.Mai
ntai
ndi
sci
pli
ne
c
.Inc
reas
eaut
hor
it
y
d.Dec
reas
eri
skt
aki
ng
57.El
ement
sofdi
rec
tingal
lthef
oll ngex
owi cept
a.Communi
cat
ing
b.Super
vis
ing
c
.Mot
ivat
ing
d.Har
moni
zi
ng
58.Gi
vi
ngdi
rec
tioni
sthe
a.abi
l
ityt
oins
pir
eot
her
s
b.t
rai
ninganddi
sci
pli
ningt
hewor
kfor
ce
c
.gi
vi
ng t
heempl
oyeer
eas
onst
odos
omet
hing
d.t
ell
i
ngpeopl
ewhati
stobedone

59.
Pur
pos
eofs
uper
vis
ional
lthef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
:
a.Puni
sht
hene
gle
cti
ngper
son.
 b.Ens
uret
hatev
erypat
ientr
ecei
vegoodc
are.
c
.Dev
elopseac
hst
affmembert
ohi
ghes
tpot
ent
ial
.
d.Or
ient
ati
on,t
rai
ning,andgui
danc
eofi
ndi
vi
dual
s.

60.
Pri
nci
plesofs
uper
vis
ioni
ncl
ude:

a.I
tisbas
edont
heneedsoft
hei
ndi
vi
dual
.
b.I
tst
imul
atest
hes
taf
ftoc
ont
inuouss
elf
-i
mpr
ovement
.
c
.Itr
espec
tst
hei
ndi
vi
dual
i
tyofs
taf
fmember
.
d.Al
loft
heabov
e

61.
Super
vis
orper
for
mst
hef
oll
owi
ngf
unc
tionsex
cept
:

a.c
lar
if
iesor
der
sandi
nst
ruc
tionsi
ssuedt
osubor
dinat
es
b.det
ect
ser
ror
sandomi
ssi
onsandpuni
shs
ubor
dinat
es
c
.gui
dest
heac
tiv
iti
esofs
ubor
dinat
esi
nper
for
mingt
hei
rjobs
d.coordi
nat
estheworkofdi
ff
erents
ubor
dinat
esunderhi
m
62.
Techni
quesofsuper
vis
ion
a.Obs
erv
ati
on.
b.L
ongi
nfor
malc
onf
erenc
e.
c
.Per
for
manc
eappr
ais
al.
d.Dec
isi
onmak
ing

63.
Thel
eaders
etsdi
rec
tionby
:
a.Cr
eateastr
ongv i
si
on
b.Pr
acti
ceexc
ell
entpers
onalcommunicati
ons
c.Tr
ainpeopl
etofocus
d.Al
loftheabove
64.
the st
yleofLeadershi
pt hatcal
led "
dict
ator
s"who i
smaki
ng al
lper
ti
nent
dec
isi
ons
,gi
vi
ngs
pec
ifi
cor
der
s,anddi
scour
agewor
ker
sfr
om ques
tioni
ngi
s

a.Aut
ocr
ati
cLeadershi
p
b.Democrat
icLeaders
hip

c.Lai
ssez
-Fai
reLeader
ship
d.Ser
vantLeader
shipst
yle
65The s ty
leofLeadershipthatc
all
ed par
ti
ci
pat
iveand egal
it
ari
an,
Thel
eader
wor
kst
hroughpeopl
e,notbydomi
nat
ioni
s:

a.Aut
ocr
ati
cLeadershi
p
b.Democrat
icLeaders
hip

c.Lai
ssez
-Fai
reLeader
ship
d.Ser
vantLeader
shipst
yle

66t
he s
tyl
eofLeader
shi
pthatahands
-of
fst
yleofl
eadi
ngt
hatal
lowsempl
oyees
t
hef
reedom t
owor
kont
hei
rownwi
thl
it
tl
eornogui
danc
eis
:

a.Aut
ocr
ati
cLeadershi
p
b.Democrat
icLeaders
hip

c.Lai
ssez
-Fai
reLeader
ship
d.Ser
vantLeader
shipst
yle

67.t
he s
tyl
eofLeader
shi
pthati
nvol
vesac
har
ismat
icl
eaderWho mot
ivat
es
peopl
etopur
sueac
ommonv
isi
onbypr
ovi
dinggui
danc
eonwher
etogoand
whatt
odowi
thoutt
heaut
ocr
ati
cst
ep-
by-
stepdi
rec
tions
.i
s:

a.Transact
ionalLeader
ship
b.Laissez-
FaireLeader
ship
c.ServantLeadershi
pstyl
e
d.Visi
onaryLeadershi
pstyl
e
68.the s t
yleofLeader s
hipt hatl
eadi
ngt
hrough r
ewar
dsandpuni
shment
sto
c
ompl
etet
asksanddoesnotl
ookt
othef
utur
einmanagi
nganor
gani
zat
ionbut
f
ocus
edonens
uri
ngt
hatev
ery
thi
ngoper
ateswel
ltodayi
s:

a.Tr
ans
act
ionalLeader
shi
p
b.Transfor
mationalLeaders
hip
c.ServantLeaders
hipstyl
e
d.Visi
onaryLeadershi
ps t
yle

69.
the s
tyl
e of Leader
shi
p who enc
our
ages t
eam bui
ldi
ng,c
reat
ivi
ty and
i
nnov
ati
ont
otr
ans
for
mthes
taf
ftoac
compl
is
hthegoal
soft
heor
gani
zat
ioni
s:

a.Tr
ans
act
ionalLeader
shi
p
b.Transfor
mationalLeader
shi
p
c.ServantLeaders
hipstyl
e
 d.Vi
si
onar
yLeader
shi
pst
yle

70.
the s
tyl
eofLeader
shi
pwhobr
ingspeopl
etoget
herar
ounds
har
edpur
pos
eand
empower
sthem t
ost
epupandl
eadaut
hent
ical
lyi
nor
dert
ocr
eat
eval
uef
oral
l
s
tak
ehol
der
sis
:

a.Tr
ans
act
ionalLeader
shi
p
b.TransformationalLeader s
hip
c.ServantL eadershi
ps ty
le
d.Theaut henticleader
71.
Characteri
sti
csofs ervantleaderi
ncl
udesal
loft
hef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
1.Li
stening
2.Empat hy
3.Dis
c ourage wor
ker
sfr
om ques
ti
oni
ng
4.Commi t
menttothegr
owt
hofpeople

72.
Fac
tor
saf
fec
tingl
eader
shi
pst
ylesi
ncl
udeal
loft
hef
oll
owi
ngex
cept
:

a.Thefoll
owers
'readi
nesslev
el
b.Thesit
uati
onfacedbythes upervi
sor
.
c.Thefoll
owers
'experi
ence
d.Super
visor
’sf
amilyandearlyschoolenv
ironment
 I
I.TrueandFalse:
Cir
cle(T)i
nfrontoft
rues
tat
ementand(
F)i
nfr
ontoff
als
est
atement

1.Admi
nis
trat
ionmeansIs
erv
e T F

2.Admi
nis
trat
ioni
spot
ti
ngpl
ansi
ntoac
tion T F

3.Managementi
sfor
mul
ati
onofpl
ansandpol
i
cies T F

4.Managementdet
ermi
neswhowi
l
ldot
hewor
k……. T F

5.Admi
nis
trat
iondec
ideswhati
stobedone T F

6.Managementi
sadoi
ngf
unc
tion T F

7.Admi
nis
trat
ioni
sat
hink
ingf
unc
tion T F

8.Admi
nis
trat
ioni
sat
echni
cals
kil
ls T F

9.Managementi
sac
onc
ept
uals
kil
ls T F

10.
Fi
rs
tli
nemanageri
sthel
i
nki
ngpi
nbet
weent
opl
evelandmi
ddl
elev
el T F

11.
Tec
hni
cals
kil
lsar
eneededt
oac
compl
i
shas
pec
if
ict
ask T F

12.
Humans
kil
lsar
eint
erper
sonals
kil
ls T F

13.
Conc
ept
uals
kil
lsar
eabi
l
ityt
ocompr
ehendabs
trac
t T F

14.
Tec
hni
cals
kil
lsar
eimpor
tantf
ort
het
opl
evelmanager T F

15.
Si
ngl
eus
epl
anpr
ovi
degui
danc
eforac
tiv
iti
esr
epeat
edl
yper
for
med T F

16.
Standi
ngpl
andes
ignedt
omeett
heneedofauni
ques
it
uat
ion T F

17.
Obj
ect
ivesar
ethedes
ir
edendr
esul
ts T F

18.
Strat
egi
esarethes
etofs
tepbys
tepdi
rec
tiont
hatex
plai
nhowac
tiv
iti
es T F
shoul
dbec ar
ri
edout

19.
Pol
i
ciesc
ompr
ehens
ivepl
anf
orac
compl
i
shi
ngobj
ect
ives T F

20.
Rul
esar
espec
if
ics
tat
ement
sthatt
ell
smanagerwhati
stobedone T F

21.
Organi
zi
nges
tabl
i
shesr
elat
ions
hipsbet
weenac
tiv
ityandaut
hor
it
y T F

22.
Bot
haut
hor
it
yandr
espons
ibi
l
itys
houl
dbeequal T F

23.
Thehos
pit
aldi
rec
tori
sthet
opaut
hor
it
yint
henur
si
ngdepar
tment T F

XVI
I
24.
Unit
yofc
ommandmeanst
hatt
hef
inaldec
isi
oni
sdel
egat
edf
oronl
yon T F
per
son

25.
Staf
faut
hor
it
yisadv
isor
yinnat
ure T F

26.
Aut
hor
it
ymus
tbepr
ovi
dedwi
tht
heor
der
,ot
her
wis
eitwi
l
lbear
eques
t T F

27.
Spanofc ont
rolmeanst
hatt
heempl
oyeei
srepor
ti
ngt
oonl
yone T F
super
vis
or

28.
Del
egat
ioni
sthes
imi
l
ari
tyofac
tiv
iti
es T F

29.
I
ncas
emet
hodc
arei
sdi
vi
dedi
ntos
epar
atet
ask
s T F

30.
Thec
asemet
hodi
sanec
onomi
cmet
hod T F

31. Thet
eam met
hoddec
reas
epat
ient
ssat
is
fac
tion T F

32. Func
tionalmet
hodpr
omot
ess
ens
eofbel
ongi
ng T F

33-Timeisadi
mensioninwhichev
ent
scanbeor
der
edf
rom t
hepas
tto T F
thepr
esenti
ntot
hef ut
ure.

34-Ti
memanagementi
spr
oces
sofdi
rec
tingunc
ons
ciousc
ont
rolov
ert
he T F
amountoft
ime.

35-Timewasteri
ssomethi
ngthatpr
event
saper
sonf
rom ac
compl
i
shi
ng T F
thejoborachi
evi
nggoal
s.

36-
Inter
nalti
mewas
teri
sanyt
imewas
tert
hati
stot
all
yout
si
deofour T F
contr
ol.

37-I
nter
nalt
imewas
ter
sar
esomet
hingeas
il
ytoc
ont
rol
. T F

38-I
nsetti
ngpr i
ori
ti
es:Apr
ior
it
yiss
omet
hingwhi
chi
simpor
tant&ur
gent T F
ascr
is
is,deadl
ines
.

39-Cprior
ity
:somet
hingwhi
chi
sur
gentbuti
tisnoti
mpor
tantass
urf
ing T F
thenet.

40-Dprior
it
yiss
omet
hingwhi
chi
snei
theri
mpor
tantnorur
gentast
ri
vi
al T F
i
ssues
.

41-Bpri
ori
tyi
ssomethi
ngwhichisimpor
tantbutnotur
gentasempower
ing T F
other
s,r
ecr
eati
on,cr
eat
iveac
tiv
iti
es

42-
Rewar
dyour
sel
fwheny
ourt
imemanagements
ucc
ess T F

43-
Proc
ras
ti
nati
oni
sthet
endenc
ytoputof
ftoanot
hert
imes
omet
hingt
hat T F
i
simpor
tant
.

XVI
II
44-As
ucc
essf
ulnurs
esneedt
obothast
rongl
eaderandmanagertoget T F
t
hei
rteam onboar
dtofol
lowt
hem t
owar
dstheirv
isi
onofs
uccess

45-i
nfor
mall
eader
sneedt
oaut
hor
it
yandc
ert
ainr
ight
sandpr
ivi
l
ege T F

46- t
hefor
mall
eaderi
spar
sonwho'
snotof
fi
ci
all
yappoi
ntedast
hehead T F
ofgoop

47-nurs
ingleadershi
pstyl
esist
hemanneri
nwhi
chanur
semanager T F
exec
utesleaders
hipoverhi
sst
aff

48-goods
uper
vis
ionf
ocus
esoni
mpr
ovementoft
hewok T F

49-
.super
vis
ionemphas
izesonf
indi
ngandc
orr
ectdef
ect T F

50-s
upervi
si
oninv
olvesnotgui
danc
eanddi
rec
tiont
osuper
vis
orsnott
he T F
wokinor
dertoachiev
eapurpos
es

51-t
heyareali
nkbet
weent
het
opandmi
ddl
emanagementandt
he T F
wor
ker
s

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uper
vis
orsar
ethek
eypeopl
eamongmanager
satdi
ff
erentl
evel T F

I
II
.Di
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weent
hef
oll
owi
ng:
1. Managementandadmi
nis
trat
ion
‫ﺹ‬4
2. Tec
hni
cals
kil
lsandConc
ept
uals
kil
ls
‫ﺹ‬7
3. TopManagerandFi
rs
tli
nemanager
‫ﺹ‬6
4. Progr
ameddec
isi
onandNon-pr
ogr
ameddec
isi
on
‫ ﺹ‬11
5. Longt
erm pl
anandShor
tter
m pl
an
‫ ﺹ‬12
6. Oper
ati
onalpl
ansandTac
tic
alpl
an
12‫ﺹ‬
7. Strat
egi
cpl
anandoper
ati
onalpl
an
‫ ﺹ‬12
8. Standi
ngus
epl
anands
ingl
eus
epl
an
‫ ﺹ‬11
9. Func
tionalnur
si
ngmodelandTot
alpat
ientc
aremodel
‫ ﺹ‬29
10.Team nur
si
ngmodelandPr
imar
ynur
si
ngmodel

XI
X
 ‫ ﺹ‬29‫ﻭ‬30
I
V.Mat
chi
ng
Matc
htheit
emsincol
umn(A)wit
ht hes
uit
abl
eans
weri
ncol
umn(
B)by
pl
aci
ngthel
ett
eri
nthespac
eprov
ided

I A B

6 Aut
hor
it
y 1.pr
ovi
desadv
ice

4 Li
neaut
hor
it
y 2.Di
rec
tlyi
nfl
uenc
est
hes
ucc
essoft
hebus
ines
s

1 St
affaut
hor
it
y 3.Managermakesdec
isi
onsabouts
peci
fi
c
act
ivi
ti
esper
for
medbyempl oy
eeswit
hinother
depart
ments
.

3 Functi
onal 4.therel
ations
hipbet
weens
uper
iorand
authori
ty subordi
nate.

2 Li
nedepar
tment 5.t
heabi
l
ityt
oex
erti
nfl
uenc
eint
heor
gani
zat
ion

5 Power 6.i
sthefor
malr
ightofmanagert
omak
ea
dec
isi
on

I
I A B

5 Pur
pos
e 1.
generals
tat
ement
sthatgui
demanager
sthi
nki
ngi
n
dec
isi
onmak i
ng

6 Obj
ect
ive 2.ac
ompr
ehens
ivepl
anf
orac
compl
i
shi
ngobj
ect
ives

2 St
rat
egy 3.asetofstep-bys
tepdir
ect
ionst
hatex
plai
nshow
act
ivi
ti
esshouldbecarr
iedout

1 Pol
i
cies 4.
Expec
tedr
esul
tsex
pres
sedi
nnumer
icalt
erms

3 pr
ocedur
es 5.st
atementt
oident
if
yther
eas
onwhyt
hisor
gani
zat
ion
exi
st

4 Budget 6.t
hedes
ir
edendr
esul
tsofanac
tiv
ity

I
II A B

5 pl
anni
ng 1.
Gui
danc
eandov
ers
eei
ngofs
ubor
dinat
es

3 Managemen 2.Moni
tor
ingandc
orr
ect
inganys
igni
fi
cantdev
iat
ions
.
t

XX
1 Di
rec
ting 3.Get
ti
ngt
hingsdonet
hroughef
for
tsofot
her
s

4 Or
gani
zi
ng 4.ist
heproc
essofusi
ngdet
ailsc
hemef
ort
he
acc
ompli
shmentofanobj
ect
ive

2 Cont
rol
li
ng 5.i
sthepr oc
essofident
if
yingtheworkandclas
sifyi
ng
act
ivi
ti
es,andass
igningofrespons
ibi
l
iti
esanddelegati
on
ofauthori
ty

I
V A B

3 Del
egat
ion 1.r
ightandpowert
odi
rec
ttheac
tionofot
her
s

4 Super
vis
ion 2.Numeri
call
i
mitofs
ubor
dinat
est
obes
uper
vis
edbya
manager

5 Uni
tyof 3.i
stheabi
l
ityt
oas
signpar
toft
hej
obt
osomeoneel
se
c
ommand

1 Aut
hor
it
y 4.ist
heproc
essofwat
chi
ngoverper
sonswor
kingt
osee
thatt
heyworkwel
landhones
tl
y

2 Spanof 5.an empl

oyee s
houl
d be r
espons
ibl
eto onl
y one
contr
ol super
vis
or

V A B

4 Res
pons
ibi
l
iti
es 1.St
atementt
hatt
ell
smanager
swhati
stobe
done

5 pr
ogr
am 2.Ex
pec
tedr
esul
tsex
pres
sedi
nnumer
icalt
erms

1 Rul
es 3.Us
ingofr
esour
cesi
nef
fec
tiv
emanner

2 Budget 4.I
stheobl
i
gat
iont
oper
for
m dut
ies

3 Ef
fi
ci
enc
y 5.Det
ail
eds
tat
ementaboutpr
ojec
t

VI A B

3 Team met
hod 1.i
sast
andar
diz
edt ec
hni
quest
oex
plai
nhow
t
ask
sshoul
dbec ar
ri
edout

2 c
asemet
hod 2.i
sat
echni
quef
oras
signi
nganur
set
opr
ovi
deal
l

XXI
 c
aref
oronepat
ientormor
e

1 pr
ocedur
e 3.i
samethodinwhi
chl
eaderc
oor
dinat
ecar
efor
agr
oupofpat
ient
s

5 Pol
i
cies 4.det
ermi
newhoi
sgoi
ngt
oper
for
m whatt
ask
s

4 Nursi
ngcar
e 5.i
stheproces
sofguidi
ngt
heac
tionby
del
i
verymodel aut
hori
tat
ivest
atement

VI
I A B

5 Humans
kil
ls 1.
Abi
l
ityt
ous
emet
hodsandt
echni
ques

6 Topel
evelmanager 2.Super
vis
ors

1 Tec
hni
cals
kil
ls 3.Abi
l
ityt
ocompr
ehend

2 Mi
ddl
elev
elmanager 4.Headnur
seort
eam l
eader

3 Conc
ept
uals
kil
ls 5Abi
l
ityt
omot
ivat
e

4 Fi
rs
tlev
el 6Thepr
esi
dentandt
hei
rvi
ce

V.Gi
veShor
tans
wer
1.Li
stt
hei
mpor
tanc
eofmanagementpr
oces
s
1-
arr
angi
ngt
hef
act
orsofpr
oduc
tion-
2-
ass
embl
i
ngandor
gani
zi
ngt
her
esour
ces
3i
ntegr
ati
ngt
her
esour
cesi
nef
fec
tiv
emannert
oac
hiev
eobj
ect
ive
4-
dir
ect
inggr
oupef
for
tst
owar
dsac
hiev
ementofpr
edet
ermi
negoal
5-
sav
ingmoney
,ti
meandef
for
ts
2.Li
stt
hreel
evel
sofmanager
s
1…t
opl
evelmanager
sasnur
si
ngdi
rec
tor
sandt
hei
rdeput
y.
2…mi
ddl
elev
elmanager
sass
uper
vis
orsorc
oor
dinat
ors
3…f
ir
stl
i
nemanager
sasheadnur
seandt
eam l
eader
3.Li
stt
hreemanager
ials
kil
lst
oper
for
mthei
rjobef
fec
tiv
ely

XXI
I
1-t
echni
cals
kil
ls
2…humans
kil
ls
.
3…c
onc
ept
uals
kil
ls
.
4.Fi
vepur
pos
esofpl
anni
ngar
e
1…bet
terut
il
iz
ati
onofr
esour
ces
2…i
ncr
eas
eor
gani
zat
ionalef
fec
tiv
enes
s
3-r
educ
est
hec
ostofper
for
manc
e
4…c
onc
ent
rat
iononobj
ect
ives
5…enc
our
agementt
oinnov
ati
on
5.Li
stf
ivec
har
act
eri
sti
csofpl
anni
ng
1-
apr
imar
yfunc
tionofmanagement
2-
ani
ntel
lec
tualpr
oces
s
3—c
ont
inuouspr
oces
s
4-
requi
rei
nfor
mat
ion
5-
ant
ici
pat
oryandpar
ti
ci
pat
ive

6.Ei
ghtpl
anni
ngpr
oces
sar
e
1.Es
tabl
i
shi
ngt
heobj
ect
ives
2.Es
tabl
i
shmentofpl
anni
ngpr
emi
ses
3.–det
ermi
ningal
ter
nat
ives
4.Ev
aluat
ionofal
ter
nat
ives
5.–s
elec
tingac
our
seofac
tion
6.–f
ormul
ati
ngder
ivat
ivepl
ans
7.Es
tabl
i
shi
ngs
equenc
esofac
tiv
iti
es
8.–f
eedbac
korf
oll
ow-
upac
tion

7.TheThr
eet
ypesofpl
anni
ngar
e
1…ac
cor
dingbas
isofus
e(s
ingl
e-s
tandi
ng-nonpr
ogr
amed-pr
ogr
amed)
2-ac
cor
dingbas
isoft
ime(l
ongt
erm-mi
ddl
eter
m-s
hor
tter
m)

XXI
II
3…ac
cor
dingbas
isofl
evelofor
gani
zat
ion(
str
ategi
c-oper
ati
onal
-tac
tic
al)
8.Li
stt
hreet
ypesofpl
ansac
cor
dingt
ime
1…l
ongt
erm
2…mi
ddl
eter
m.
3-
shor
tter
m…

9.Li
stf
iveappl
ic
ati
onsofpl
anni
ngbys
taf
fnur
se
1-
drawnur
si
ngc
arepl
anbas
edont
hepat
ientc
urr
entneed-
--
2-
dev
elopt
odol
i
standt
imel
og-
3-
det
ermi
net
heequi
pmentneededt
oac
compl
i
sht
heac
tiv
iti
es-
4det
ermi
net
heequi
pmentneededt
oemer
genc
ysi
tuat
ion-
5det
ermi
net
het
imeneededt
oac
compl
i
sht
heas
signeddut
ies
--
10.Li
stf
iveappl
ic
ati
onofpl
anni
ngbydi
rec
tor
1-dev
elopmi
ssi
onandphi
l
osophyt
onur
si
ngdepar
tment
1-bui
l
dupnur
ses
tandar
ds,j
obdes
cri
pti
on,pol
i
ciesandpr
ocedur
es
3-
det
ermi
net
henumberneededofs
taf
fnur
se
5—s
har
einpl
anni
ngofeduc
ati
onalpr
ogr
am
11.Li
stf
iveappl
ic
ati
onofpl
anni
ngbyheadnur
se
1-
---
-bui
l
dupt
imepl
anf
ordai
l
yac
tiv
iti
es-
2-
--des
ignas
signments
heett
onur
ses
taf
f--
-
3-
--c
hec
knur
si
ngc
arepl
anf
orpr
ofes
sionalnur
se-
4-dr
awi
ngnur
si
ngc
arepl
anf
ornonpr
ofes
sionalnur
se

5—f
indoutt
heequi
pmentneededt
ouni
tandi
nemer
genc
y
12.Fourpur
pos
esofor
gani
zi
ngar
e
1…i
tcl
ari
fi
est
hewor
kenv
ironment
2…i
tcr
eat
esac
oor
dinat
edenv
ironment
s
3…i
tac
hiev
est
hepr
inc
ipl
eofuni
tyofdi
rec
tion
4…i
tes
tabl
i
shest
hec
hai
nofc
ommand
13.Thes
ixs
tepsofor
gani
zi
ngar
e

XXI
V
1-
rev
iewi
ngpl
ansandgoal
2-
det
ermi
ningwor
kac
tiv
iti
es
3…c
las
sif
yingandgr
oupi
ngac
tiv
iti
es
4…as
signi
ngwor
k
5…del
egat
ingaut
hor
it
y
6……des
igni
ngahi
erar
chyofr
elat
ions
hips
14.Pr
inc
ipl
esofor
gani
zi
ngar
e:
1—uni
tyofobj
ect
ives
2-
-spec
ial
i
zat
ion
3-
coor
dinat
ion
4—aut
hor
it
yandr
espons
ibi
l
ity
-
15.Pur
pos
esofnur
singc
areas
signmentar
e
1. t
odel
egat
ewor
ktobedonebynur
si
ngper
sonnel
2. s ugges
tappr
opr
iat
eprocedur
efornur
si
ngc
arewi
thmax
imum
ef
fi
ci
enc
ywithmini
mum ef
for
t
3. gai
ncooper
ati
onbet
weenwor
ker
s
4.–s
erv
easwor
kpl
an

16.Fi
vec
har
act
eri
sti
csofgoodas
signment
1. meet
ingempl
oyeeandpat
ientneeds
2. wr
it
ingc
lear
ly,c
onc
isel
yandl
egi
bly
3. -
pos
tedi
npl
aceeas
il
yac
ces
sibl
e
4.–pr
ogr
ess
ivel
ear
ningex
per
ienc
e
5—needorc
hangi
ngi
nnur
si
ngper
sonnel
17.Twoadv
ant
agesoft
eam met
hod
1—hi
ghqual
i
tyandc
ompr
ehens
ivec
are
2—t
eam member
spar
ti
ci
pat
eindec
isi
onmak
ing
18.Thr
eedi
sadv
ant
agesoft
eam nur
singmet
hod
1.Cont
inui
tys
uff
ersi
fdai
l
yteam as
signment
svar
y
2—t
eam l
eadermus
thav
eleader
shi
psk
il
ls

XXV
3-
ins
uff
eci
antt
imeofpl
anni
ngandc
ommuni
cat
ion-
19.Thr
eeadv
ant
agesofmodul
arnur
singmet
hod
1.–c
ont
inui
tyofc
ari
simpr
oved
2.–RNmor
einv
olv
edi
npl
anni
ngandc
oor
dinat
ingc
are
3.–geogr
aphi
ccl
osenes
sandef
fi
ci
entc
ommuni
cat
ion
20.Di
sadv
ant
agesofmodul
arnur
singmet
hod
1.–i
ncr
eas
edc
ost
stos
toc
keac
hmodul
e
2.–l
ongc
orr
idor
snotc
onduc
ivet
omodul
arnur
si
ng
21.Thr
eeadv
ant
agesofpr
imar
ynur
singmet
hod
1.–hi
ghqual
i
ty,hol
i
sti
cpat
ientc
are
2.–es
tabl
i
shr
appor
twi
thpat
ient
3.–RNf
eel
schal
lengedandr
ewar
ded
22.Thr
eedi
sadv
ant
agesofpr
imar
ynur
singmet
hod
1.–pri
marynurs
emus tbeabl
etopr
act
icewi
thahi
ghdegr
eeof
r
esponsibi
li
tyandautonomy
2.–RNmus
tac
cept24-
hourr
espons
ibi
l
ity
3.–mor
eRNneedednotc
ostef
fec
tiv
e

23.Enumer
atef
ivei
mpor
tanc
eofdi
rec
ting
1.…i
tgui
deandhel
psubor
dinat
est
ocompl
etet
hegi
vent
ask
2.…i
tprov
idet
henec
ess
arymot
ivat
iont
osubor
dinat
est
ocompl
etet
he
work
3.…i
thel
psi
nmai
ntai
ningdi
sci
pli
neandr
ewar
dingt
hos
ewhodowel
l
4.…di
rec
tingi
nvol
vess
uper
vis
ion
5.I
thel
pstointegr
atethev
ari
ousac
tiv
iti
esandt
hei
ndi
vi
dualgoal
swi
th
or
gani
zat
ionalgoal

24.Enumer
atef
iveel
ement
sofdi
rec
ting
1……c
ommuni
cat
ion……………………………………
2……s
uper
vis
ion……………………………………………
3……mot
ivat
ion…………………………….
.

XXVI
 4……l
eader
shi
p………………………………………………….
.
25.li
stext
ernalti
mewas t
er
1-tel
ephoneinter
rupt
ion
2-soci
ali
zi
ng
3-meeting

26.li
sti
nter
nalti
mewas t
er
1-inabi
l
ityt
osay(no)
2-opendoorpoli
cy
3-chatt
ingwit
hfri
ends

27.
li
sttimemanagementst
rat
egi
es
1-pl
anni ng
2-organizi
ng
3-i
mpl ementi
ngf
orcont
rol

28.li
sttec
hniquestos t
opprocr
asti
nat
ion
1-breakal ar
gejobintosmall
ertas
ks
2-preventovercommi t
ment
3-rewardyoursel
ffordoi
ngthi
ngsonsc hedul
e

29.l
is
tadvantagesoftimemanagement
1-enhanceproduct
ivi
ty
2-boostsc
onfidenc
e
3-r
educesst
ress

30.li
stsy
mpt omsoft
imemanagementpr
obl
ems
1-lackoffoc
us

2-overbus
y
3-gofrom c
ris
ist
ocr
is
is

VI.c
ompl
ete

1-
Timewas
terdi
vi
dedi
nto…i
nter
nal
….&……ex
ter
nal
…

2-
Timemanagementt
oolsar
e…t
imelog…,
…ti
mei
nvent
ori
es.
.,s
hif
tfl
ows
heet
s….
.
&…organi
zi
ngcal
endar
stodol
is
t…….

3-
Superv
isi
oni
sdefi
nedasprov
idi
nggui
danc
eanddi
rec
tiont
othewor
kinor
der
toachi
eveacer
tai
npurpos
e

4-
Impor
tanceofs
upervi
si
on…s uperv
isi
onisagreats
ignif
ic
anc ei
ngetti
ngthe
workdoneaspl
ansands c
heduled,ensur
eworkercooperat
ion,keypeopl
e
amongmanagersatdif
fer
entlevel
s.
,li
nkbet
ween topmangerandwor kers

XXVI
I
5-
Superv
isi
onpurpos
eareemphas i
sonfi
ndi
ngandcor
rectdefec
t,ensur
eever
y
pati
entrec
eiv
egoodcare,dev
elopss
taf
fmember
s,Ori
entat
ion,tr
aini
ngand
gui
danceofindi
vi
dual
s.

6-
Theprinci
plesofsuper
vis
ionaregoodsuperv
isi
onf oc
usesonimpr ov
ementof
thework,basedonindivi
dual
sneed.,
…cooperat
ivel
yplanned.
,res
pect
indi
vi
duali
tyofstaf
fmember s

7-
Supervisi
onfunct
ionsare…clar
ifi
esorder.
.,coordi
natestheworkofdif
fer
ent
subordinat
esunderhim…,det
ectserrorsandomi ss
ions.,
…ensur
esthat
subordinat
eshavetherequir
edf ac
il
iti
estoper f
ormt hei
rjobs.
,
…keepsgui
desthe
acti
vi
tiesofsubor
dinat
esinperformingtheirjobs

8-
Super
v i
si
ontec
hni
quesar
e.obs
erv
ati
on,s
hor
tinf
ormalc
onf
erenc
e.,.
for
mal
conf
erence

9-
Thetechni
queofobs er
vati
oni nsuper
vis
ionar
elear
ntoseewhatyoulookat
.,
havesomeideastolookfor,lear
nt oseethes
it
uati
onasi
tis
,cons
idereac
h
per
sonasani ndi
vi
dual.
,.l
earntolis
ten

10- Leadershipdef
inedasi
nfl
uenc
eot
her
sinamannert
odowhatt
hel
eader
want
sthem todo

11- For
mall
eaderi
saper
soni
sof
fi
ci
all
ydes
ignat
edast
hel
eaderofagr
oup

12- Infor
mall
eaderi
saper
sonwho'
snotof
fi
ci
all
yappoi
ntedast
heheadofa
gr
oup

13- Leader
shi
pst
ylesar
e…t
radi
ti
onal
.
,…adv
anc
ed

14- Aut
ocr
ati
cleader
shi
pisc
all
eddi
ctat
ors

15- Democ
rat
icl
eader
shi
pisc
all
edpar
ti
ci
pat
ive

16- Vi
si
onar
yst
yleofl
eader
shi
pinv
olv
es…c
har
is
mat
ic.Leader

17- Adv anc

edleader
shipstyl
e
ar
e…v
isi
onary…,
…tr
ansac
tional
…,…t
rans
for
mat
ional

18- Tr
adi
ti
onall
eader
shi
pst
ylear
e……aut
ocr
ati
c….
,
…democ
rat
ic.
,
…lai
ssez
-fai
re

19- Fac
tor
saf
fec
tingl
eader
shi
pst
ylesar
e…t
hef
oll
ower
s'r
eadi
nes
slev
el.
,the

XXVI
II
s
it
uat
ionf
acedbyt
hes
uper
vis
or'
sfami
l
yandear
lys
choolenv
ironment

XXI
X