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New omicron subvariants now dominant in the

U.S., raising fears of a winter surge
November 11, 2022 11:30 AM ET

Rob Stein

New COVID variants that are highly immune evasive have overtaken BA.5 to dominate in the U.S. Experts warn this means
more reinfections and a possible winter surge.
Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Two new omicron subvariants have become dominant in the United States, raising
fears they could fuel yet another surge of COVID-19 infections, according to estimates
released Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The subvariants — called BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 -- appear to be among the most adept yet at
evading immunity from vaccination and previous infection, and have now overtaken
the BA.5 omicron subvariant that has dominated in the U.S. since the summer.

"It's a little bit eerily familiar," says Dr. Jeremy Luban of the University of
Massachusetts, who's been tracking variants since the pandemic began.

"This time of year last year we were optimistic. We were coming out of the delta wave,
and it was steadily decreasing, and we went into Thanksgiving to wake up to omicron.
So there is this sort of déjà vu feeling from last year," Luban says.

BQ.1 and BQ.1.1, had been quickly gaining ground in the U.S. in recent weeks. On
Friday, they officially overtook BA.5, accounting for an estimated 44% of all new
infections nationwide and nearly 60% in some parts of the country, such as New York
and New Jersey, according to the CDC's estimates . BA.5 now accounts for an
estimated 30% of all new infections nationwide.

Recent laboratory studies indicate that new mutations in Shots - Health News
the virus's spike protein appear to make BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 New VA study finds Paxlovid
may cut the risk of long
as much as seven times more "immune-evasive" than COVID

BA.5.

But even if the new subvariants do surge this winter, most experts think any uptick in
infections won't hit as hard as the first two winter surges of the pandemic.

"We are hoping that the amount of immunity that has been induced either by prior
infection or by vaccination" will protect most people from getting severely ill or dying,
Dr. Anthony Fauci , the White House medical advisor, told NPR.

That said, a new study suggests that getting reinfected with the virus still can pose
significant risks, both for short term and long-term complications, including an
increased risk of hospitalization, symptoms of long COVID and even death.

"The risk of reinfection is definitely not trivial," says Ziyad Al-Aly , an assistant
professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and an
author of the new study. "So going into the winter surge now people should do their
best to try to prevent getting reinfected."

"You're basically playing Russian Roulette again," he says. "You may dodge the bullet
the next time around, but it may not be the case."

Because the newly dominant variants appear to be highly immune-evasive, many

people may get reinfected.

"The bad news is that it's likely that people who've been vaccinated and/or infected
will still get infected" with these new subvariants, says Dr. Daniel Barouch , a virologist
at Beth Deaconess Hospital in Boston who's been studying the new strains.

The new strains are becoming dominant just as winter is approaching and people will
be traveling and gathering for the holidays, factors that had already raised fears about
another winter surge.

"The U.S. is going to see a winter surge in COVID infections," predicts William
Hanage , an epidemiologist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. "And I

think that if nothing else changes BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 are likely to be very significant
players."

The key question is the scale of any winter surge that does emerge.

"The question is whether this increase is going to be nationwide and whether the size
of the increase and the surge will be something like what we experienced with delta
and omicron, or much smaller," says Samuel Scarpino , vice president of Pathogen
Surveillance for the Rockefeller Foundation.

"I think it's quite concerning," he adds.

Infections, and even hospitalizations, have already started inching up in some parts of
the country.

One promising sign is that recent surges in other countries suggest that if the
subvariants are involved in a new U.S. wave, any uptick could be short-lived. For
example, while France experienced a surge involving the new subvariants, the increase
in cases quickly receded.

Nevertheless, experts are urging more people to get one of the updated boosters,
which for the first time target omicron.

"Hopefully, more people will go and get their updated vaccine — the bivalent vaccine,"
Fauci says. "That will mitigate a real surge and at worst we'll get a blip versus a major
surge."

While some preliminary studies have questioned whether the new boosters are any
better than the original vaccine at protecting against omicron, others have suggested
they may be. Vaccine makers Pfizer and BioNTech recently released a statement
saying their new booster stimulates much higher levels of antibodies that can
neutralize the BA.5 omicron subvariant than the original vaccine.

Another concern is that these new subvariants are likely to render the last monoclonal
antibody drugs useless , including one that people with compromised immune systems
use to protect themselves.

"The winter is going to be especially worrying for people who are

immunocompromised," Harvard's Hanage says.

BA.5 BQ.1.1 BQ.1 COVID variants omicron

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