POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES LESSON 2

Ideology
-  a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture.
- Set of shared beliefs within a group
- This body of beliefs influence the way individuals think, act and view the world.
Political Ideology
- Set of beliefs about the proper order of society and how it can be achieved.
- Largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used.
- It becomes a political weapon to condemn or criticize opposing arrays of ideas or belief
system.
How to form an ideology: Beliefs & Values – Beliefs are people’s assessment of reality and what they
hold to be true whereas, Values are people’s ideas about right and wrong. Therefore, when beliefs and
values are put together in a coherent manner, they form an IDEOLOGY.

Characteristics of Ideology:

o Ideologies have their levels end in –ism.

o Ideologies provide an explanation for problems that confronts modern societies by providing
futuristic vision.
o Ideology is action-oriented.
o Ideologies mobilize a large number of people.

Basic Tenets of major political ideologies

1. Anarchism
- Calls for the abolition of the state (government) which it holds to be undesirable, unnecessary,
and harmful.
- It is a belief that society should have no government, laws, police, or any other authority.
- The primary goal:
 social equality,
 importance of individual liberty, often conceived as freedom from domination
 the replacement with self-rule, self-government, self-responsibility.
(what would the country or the world looks like if there is no government governing the people?
Would anarchy be effective in our country?)

2. Conservatism
- Opposition to rapid changes and supports keeping traditions in society
- seek to preserve a range of institutions such as organized religion, parliamentary government,
and property rights, with the aim of emphasizing continuity.
{not open to change, just settle in their comfort zones}

3. Fascism
- It is an ideology in which most of the country’s power is held by one ruler.
- Fascism is a system of government led by a dictator who typically rules by forcefully and often
violently suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling all industry and commerce, and
promoting nationalism and often racism.

4. Liberalism

- Belief that people should have a lot of political and individual freedom.
- A view that sees more need for change and improvement in social relations requiring
governmental involvement and that society must be free, if it is possible, free from government
intervention. It supports promoting the individual welfare and supporting civil rights and accepts
peaceful political, social change within the existing political system.
 {unlike conservatism, it is open for change even outside of their traditions, para sa pagbabago…}

5. Socialism
- The term socialism derived from the word “socialist” in Latin social meaning to combine or to
share.
- It is a belief that the production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by
the community as a whole.
(ex. If a society has fruit bearing tree, they all work together to produce products out of the
trees, and the profit goes to the community.)

6. Capitalism
- Belief that the country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather
than by the state.

7. Nationalism
- Ideology that promotes the interest of a particular nation.
(support local, uphold Filipino traditions)

8. Feminism
- belief about all gender having equal rights and opportunities.

Divide the class into 8 groups with each corresponding ideologies. Choose 1 reporter for each question.
Let the group discuss among themselves their opinion and ideas about their assigned ideology.

1. Does your political ideology relevant or applicable in our time and in our country? Why or Why not?
2. Give one or more positive and negative points on your political ideology?