2.

6 Environmental
East Asia and Pacific of the word contain most of the country that are advanced and developed
country in the term of social, economy, technology and environmental issue such as China,
Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan, New Zealand and other more country.
In the term of environmental issue according to the current studies of World Bank Group show
the uptrend in the Forest area of East Asia and Pacific from 2000 where only 26.1 percent of the
total land area to the 27.1 percent in 2020. The increase in the total of forestry area can be said as
a result of environmental campaign and conservation and preservation effort of all the country in
East Asia and Pacific such as the 100 Million Tree-Planting Campaign, Plant a Billion Trees an
international campaign and other more campaign.

Table above show Forest area by category in Asia-Pacific sub region from 1990 to 2010. Mainly
focused on the East Asia where the Forest area continuously increased from 1990 to 2010 with
the total forest area of 251 Million hectare with significant increase of Planted Forest area. While
Pacific Island has been decreasing from 1990 to 2010 of 200 Million hectare to 180 Million
hectares. The reeducation of forest area can be said from the result of forest degradation and
deforestation for many factors such as development, tourism, natural resource and other more.
Table above show the change in industrial roundwood production in the Asia Pacific region from
1997 to 2007 and Asia-Pacific industrial roundwood imports as a share of consumption from
1997 to 2007. From this table East Asia show that the decrease in the industrial roundwood
production was covered with the help of import from other region such as South East Asia,
Pacific and South Asia which show the other result where the change in production of industrial
roundwood was significantly high for Pacific region as a source of Export to other country which
in the end affecting the total of forest area.

Another subject that need to be focused in the environmental issue are CO2 produced by the
country in the East Asia and Pacific. The data provided by the Word Bank Group The total CO2
emission by East Asia and Pacific recorded about 6.3 metric ton per capital in 2019 higher than
the previous year about 6.2 metric ton per capital. CO2 emission considered as one of the
dangerous gas that was released to the atmosphere because of its density and the effect to the
earth. CO2 that was released to the atmosphere capable of entrapping the earth heat caused by
the internal factor or external factor from being released to the outer space this will give many
impacts to the earth such as greenhouse gas impact, global warming, the rise of sea level,
extreme weather and temperature.

From the data obtained from WordOMeter the highest CO2 emission was recorded from China
about 10 trillion ton of CO2 gas released in 2020 which overcome the previous highest CO2
emission which are United State. China was one of the countries in the East Asia which show
how high the CO2 emission of East Asia that the other region.

All this factor is affecting each other when finally, all of this will cause the change in the climate.

The change in climate will affect differently in all area of the world where some place will be
heated up more quickly than other place, other place will receive excessive rain through the year
wile some other place might have sustain a long drought caused by the change in the climate. By
necessity, the Pacific Islands have become innovation hotspots, where climate ideas are tested
and perfected in order to inform worldwide adaptation efforts. Pollution, overfishing, and
irresponsible development are wreaking havoc on Pacific Island ecosystems. They are also
increasingly vulnerable to severe climate impacts such as rising sea levels, shifting temperatures,
and altering rainfall patterns. Changes in food and water security, loss of identity, climate-
induced migration, and threats to sovereignty are all consequences of these impacts.
Since 1960, East Asia climate has been warming, and this trend will continue. According to
current forecasts, mean temperatures in the region will be 1.9–2.6 degrees Celsius higher in 2050
and 3.8–5.2 degrees higher in 2090, compared to the 1961–1990 average. In the north of the
region—Mongolia and northern People's Republic of China (PRC)—the pace of increase in
mean temperatures is projected to be faster than in the south. Total precipitation patterns are
expected to be more varied in both space and time. Annual precipitation is expected to increase
in much of the region through 2050, but may decrease in the southeastern PRC. By 2090,
however, practically the whole region will be substantially wetter than it was in the second part
of the century.

From the analysis of the change in the climate will likely caused a several situations in East Asia
such as water resources and flooding are linked because increasing rainfall levels and
unpredictability enhance the chance of small and large floods. Coastal zones, which will be
subjected to rising sea levels as well as increasing frequency and/or intensity of tropical storms
as sea temperatures rise. Agriculture, which may become more susceptible to droughts in key
places such as the PRC's northern plain, while increased daytime temperatures will diminish
agricultural output. Heat waves, which tend to raise mortality and morbidity rates for a variety of
causes unless housing and other infrastructure are upgraded to offer greater cooling and
ventilation.

This regional research, which covers the People's Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of
Korea, and Mongolia, looks at how climate change adaptation techniques may be coupled with
greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts in East Asia up to 2050. The report analyses prices for
sector-specific mitigation strategies and the total abatement potential for 2020 and 2030, in
addition to analyzing climate model results for costs of adaptation in infrastructure, coastal
protection, and agriculture. Long-term methods for dealing with the effects of climate change in
East Asia are investigated, with an emphasis on the connections between adaptation and
mitigation while considering uncertainty regarding major climatic variables. Finally, it looks at
ways to improve the efficacy of several key climate change programs including regional carbon
markets.

The Pacific Climate Change Program (PCCP) was created as part of the Asian Development
Bank's (ADB) Regional Capacity Development Technical Assistance (R-CDTA) 7394:
Strengthening the Capacity of Pacific Developing Member Countries to Respond to Climate
Change. The major goal of PCCP is to guarantee that Pacific DMCs continue to prosper
economically in the face of global climate change. While minimizing their exposure to its
dangers and consequences.