Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W).

Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514

Experiment No: 03
Aim: To build a simple network topology using Cisco Packet tracer
Hardware Requirements:
1. End devices (PC/Laptop)
2. Cables (Straight through cable/crossover cable/console cable)
3. Hub, Switch and Router

Theory:
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514

Switch: A switch is essentially a piece of hardware or a device responsible for routing data
from multiple input ports to a particular output port, sending the data to its final destination.
As a result, it is mainly utilized to transmit data packets between various network devices such
as routers and servers. It's a data connection layer (layer 2 d) gadget.
Hub: In the context of networking, a hub is a hardware device that transfers communication
data. A hub transmits data packets (frames) to all devices on a network, regardless of whether
the data packet contains any MAC addresses or not. A hub has many ports and a computer
which intends to be connected to the network is plugged into one of these ports. When a data
frame arrives at a port, the hub broadcasts it to every other port, without considering whether
it is destined for a particular destination or not. So, hubs can create network congestion.
Both Hubs and Switches are network connecting devices. Hubs are basic networking devices
that operate at the Physical Layer and they are used to send the data packets to all the connected
devices, without any filtration.
A Switch keeps track of the MAC addresses of all connected devices and hence, it can tell
which device or system is plugged into which port. When a data packet is received, the switch
understands exactly which port it should be sent to.
What is Router?
A router is a device that connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks. It
serves two primary functions: managing traffic between these networks by forwarding data
packets to their intended IP addresses, and allowing multiple devices to use the same Internet
connection.
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514

Think of a router as an air traffic controller and data packets as aircraft headed to different
airports (or networks). Just as each plane has a unique destination and follows a unique route,
each packet needs to be guided to its destination as efficiently as possible. In the same way that
an air traffic controller ensures that planes reach their destinations without getting lost or
suffering a major disruption along the way, a router helps direct data packets to their destination
IP address.

In order to direct packets effectively, a router uses an internal routing table — a list of paths to
various network destinations. The router reads a packet's header to determine where it is going,
then consults the routing table to figure out the most efficient path to that destination. It then
forwards the packet to the next network in the path.
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514
Network Topology:

1.Using hub:
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514
2.Using Switch:
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514
3.Using Router:

Addressing Table

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default

Gateway
PC-PT PC0 FAST 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.5
ETHERNET
PC-PT PC1 FAST 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.5
ETHERNET

PC-PT PC2 FAST 10.10.10.1 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.5

ETHERNET
PC-PT PC3 FAST 10.10.10.2 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.5
ETHERNET
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514

Output:

1. Real Mode
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514

2. Simulation Mode
 Juhu-Versova LINK Road Versova, Andheri(W). Mumbai-53
Name: Neha Madhukar Bhoye Roll No: A514
2. Simulation Mode:

Conclusion:

1. Using CISCO packet tracer tool I have configured and practiced Star topology by
connecting different networking devices like Hub, Switch and router.
2. For two computers to communicate, they must be in same logical network(same
class)
3. With router, we can connect two different networks (different class).