COMPARATIVE SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISE BUILDING WITH AND

WITHOUT FLOATING COLUMNS

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

SUDHANSHU TANOCH (19BCE1068)

VISHAV LALHAL (19BCE1041)
AMAAN RAFIQ (19BCE1063)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Chandigarh University
AUGUST 2022

1
 BONAFIED CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project “COMPARITIVE SEISEMIC ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS WITH
AND WITHOUT FLOATING COLUMNS” is the bonafied work of “SUDHANSHU TANOCH, VISHAV
LALHAL, AMAAN RAFIQ” who carried out the project work under our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.Seema Er. Nitin Verma

HEAD OF SUPERVISOR
THE DEPARTMENT Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department

Submitted for project viva-voce examination held on 14th November 2022.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, I would like express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Er. Nitin Verma for the continuous support in my BE
thesis, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing
of this project report. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my BE thesis.
Besides my advisor, I would like to thank my academic coordinator Dr. Abhishek for his insightful comments and
encouragement and also for hard question which persuaded me to refine my project from various perspectives. My sincere
thanks also go to Dr. Prof. Seema, Head of Department for providing all the facilities needed for the research work. I thank
to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Civil Engineering Department for their continuous support and motivation
during the project.

I express my extreme gratitude to my parents, and all my family for their love, sympathy and patience which allowed me to
spend time for doing the project work.

Last but not the least, I thank Almighty God for providing me strength and power and showing me ray of light during my
odd times.

Date: 14th November 2022

Sudhanshu Tanoch-(19BCE1068)
Vishav Lalhal-(19BCE1041)
Amaan Rafiq-(19BCE1063)

Department of Civil Engineering,

Chandigarh University, Mohali

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.GENERAL

1.1 Introduction 7
1.2 Floating Column 8-9
1.3 Shear Wall 10
1.4 Building With Floating Columns 11-12
1.5 Floating Columns And Earthquake 12-13

2. Need of Floating Columns 14

2.1 Load Transfer 14
2.2 Dimendions of Columns in Different Countries 14
2.3 Indian Standard Code 15

3. Uses of Floating Columns 15

3.1 Advantages of Floating Columns 16
3.2 Disadvantages of Floating Columns 16

4. LITERARURE REVIEW
4.1 General 17-22
4.2 Conclusion of Literature Review 23
4.3 Objectives of Study 23

5. Methodology 24-26
6. Result And Discussion 27-32
7. Conclusion 33
8. References And Bibliography 34-36

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LIST OF SYMBOLS:

SYMBOLS DESCRIPTIONS
T Time period
E energy induced by the seismic shaking
f frequency
Eh Hysteric damping energy
F Force
Ev Viscous damping energy
Es Elastic strain
M Mass
a Acceleration
E Earthquake energy
Ek Kinetic energy
V Base shear
Cs Seismic response factor
W Total weight of a structure
fLj The later force of the jth storey of the structure
Kb The lateral stiffness of the bearing system
Aa Lateral absolute acceleration
aaj Lateral absolute acceleration
mj The mass of the jth floor

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ABSTRACT:
Now, community buildings in India's cities often have floating columns and shear walls. Earthquakes that have happened recently and
in the past show that if buildings aren't built and designed with the right amount of quality and quantity, it can cause a lot of damage
and cost a lot of money. It’s not a good idea to build with these materials, which were used in places that are prone to earthquakes.
This is the case that came up to protect all high-rise buildings from the effects of earthquakes. So, it's important to do a seismic
analysis of the building to find out how it reacts to earthquakes. This will help you design buildings that can withstand earthquakes.
This paper definitely shows how important it is to have a shear wall and a floating column in a community building. And some of the
alternative measures, like balancing the stiffness of the storey-1 (FL-1) and upper storeys, are said to make the proposed building
structure less wavy. Of all techniques Most of the time, when the underlying reaction is found to be nonlinear, a primary seismic
examination must include a time history study. Time history investigation is being used to finish the current task, which is a dynamic
analysis of a 9-story RCC building taking into account the Bhuj earthquake of January 26, 2001. With the help of ETABS (18.0.2)
software [6–8], reaction range testing and all seismic responses of similar local buildings are compared and shown. For a review, the
Floor displacement, Base shear, and Inter Storey drift of both the building with a floating column and the building without a floating
column are measured. In this analysis, we looked at three different cases and, as a final step, compared the results from the Time
History method and the Response Spectrum method.

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GENERAL:

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

The term "column" refers to the vertical portion of a structure that carries and transmits structural load through beams [1]; a "floating
column" is one that is supported by a beam. In a floating column, the beam acting as the column's support serves as the foundation,
and it should not extend beyond the foundation as illustrated in Fig. 1. The load shift direction has been disrupted. Balconies are not
taken into account when calculating the Floor Space Index (FSI), which measures the ratio of the built-up area to the plot area. So, in
addition to the footprint space at the bottom story, a structure with balconies extends outward within the top floors and projects up to
1.2 to 1.5 m in plan. Along the building's protruding edges, floating columns have been provided outside edges. Columns from the
lowest story's peripheral are omitted from the top floor. The impact of floating columns during the construction of multi-story
buildings has been examined in the study at hand. Results for columns with and without floating are contrasted. There includes
discussion of a variety of characteristics, including base shear, maximum displacement, and the impact of the number of storey’s on
drift. Tables I and II display the material parameters and section properties taken into consideration for analysis. Similar to that, IS
code seismic parameter specifics were taken into consideration.

Fig.1: Floating Column

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1.2 Floating Column:

A column is referred to as a vertical member that extends from the foundation and distributes weight to the lowest level. Floating
columns are created when a vertical element ends at its lower level and rests on a horizontal member called a beam. The columns
below it receive the load from the beams. These kinds of structures can theoretically be analysed and created. The actual columns
below the termination level are not as carefully built and are more likely to collapse. In modern urban India, open first floors are a
common feature of many multi-story buildings.

(a) (b)

Fig 2: Buildings with floating column

a) At Ist and 2nd floor
b) The column is discontinued at a lower level

8
The main reason for adopting this is to make room for parking or reception lobbies in the first floor. While the natural period of the
earthquake affects the seismic base shear acting on the building, stiffness and mass distribution along the height affect the seismic
force distribution. Gujarat in the wake of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake caused numerous multi-story buildings with an open ground floor
intended for parking to collapse or sustain significant damage. For the movement of people or vehicles, a sizable uninterrupted space
is needed in a hotel or commercial building where the lower floors house banquet halls, conference rooms, lobbies, showrooms, or
parking areas. The use of "transfer girders" is a common strategy for solving this issue. At the first floor or a higher level, some upper
storey columns come to an end. On what are referred to as transfer girders, these floating columns are supported. On so-called transfer
slabs, they can also be supported. A transfer girder transfers the load from a discontinuous column to the columns that support it in the
storey below. As a result, structures built in the past using these kinds of discontinuous members are at risk in seismic areas. While
those structures cannot be completely destroyed, some research can be done to strengthen them or some corrective features can be
suggested. The first storey columns can be strengthened, their stiffness can be increased through retrofitting, or bracing can be added
to them to reduce lateral deformation.

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1.3 Shear Wall:
A shear wall is a wall that is built to stop shear, which can be caused by earthquake loads or sideways forces. Shear walls are often
found in tall buildings. It will start at the foundation and go all the way up to the top of the building. The thickness of a shear wall can
range from 150mm to 400mm. Shear walls are built like wide beams that run vertically to stop side forces from going down to the
foundation. Most of the time, the width and length of the structures are used to figure out the shear wall. When the difference between
a building's centre of gravity and the weight it carries is more than 30%, a shear wall will be built. So, the concrete shear wall will help
the structures move the centre of gravity and the centre of rigidity within a range of 30% because the side force won't go up any more.
Fig.2 shows the shear wall.

Fig 3: Shear Wall

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1.4 BUILDINGS WITH FLOATING COLUMNS:
These days, it's common for residential, commercial, industrial, etc. buildings to have more than one floor and have an open ground
floor. For parking, the ground floor is left open and inbuilt, except for the columns that transfer the building's weight to the ground.
For a hotel or business building with banquet halls, conference rooms, lobbies, show rooms, or parking on the lower floors, there
needs to be a lot of space for people or cars to move around. On the lower floors, it's not a good idea to have columns that are close
together like they are on the upper floors. So, the idea of a "floating column" came about to solve this problem.

Fig 4: Floating Column in a building

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In urban areas, floating columns are used on the ground floor of multi-story buildings for the different reasons listed above. Gravity
loads are thought to be safe, so these floating column buildings are only made for gravity loads. But these buildings were not made to
handle the weight of an earthquake, so they may not be safe in places where earthquakes happen often. When floating columns are
used in buildings in areas that are prone to earthquakes, the whole earthquake is shared by the column or the shear walls, and the
floating columns are not taken into account

Fig 5: Palestra Building in London

1.5 Floating column & Earthquake:

Even though floating columns can't be used very often, they are still used in many projects, especially above the ground floor, where
transfer girders are used to make the ground floor more open. In areas where there are a lot of earthquakes, the transfer girders that are
used have to be carefully planned and made. If there are no lateral loads, it is not hard to design and build.1.3 Building without
Floating columns.

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 Fig 6: Construction of Floating Column

The main idea behind a floating column is to stop the flow of EQ force transfer.

 Floating columns should be made in the same way as any other compression member.
 But when a transfer beam is made, it is made so that it can carry all of the weight of a column as a single point load.
 But it's important to remember that the EQ force must be brought down along the shortest path. This means that the load is
split between the two intermediate columns that hold up that beam.

Beams with a high shear capacity and deep beams hold up the floating column. We can't avoid floating columns in some places. So, it
would be smart to change the code rules for deep beams.

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2. NEED OF FLOATING COLUMNS:
The floating column stays put on the beam, while the beam that the floating column is supported on functions as a foundation. The
name given to these beams is "transfer beams." This is applied in a substantial manner in high-storied structures that serve both
commercial and residential functions. This makes it possible to adapt the layout of the upper floors to better suit our needs. The
transfer beam that reinforces the floating column will have additional reinforcement added to it before it is installed.

2.1 Load Transfer:

The method of load transfer used in these columns is completely different from that used in conventional columns. The weight is
transferred from the column to the footing, which in turn transfers it to the subsoil in the surrounding area in regular columns.
However, floating columns do not transfer loads directly to the foundation in the same way that other columns do. Instead, they
transfer loads to the beam or slab on which they are formed, and the transferred load acts as a point load for the structure.

2.2 Dimensions of Columns in Different Countries:

Country Column size (MM X MM)
USA 225 x 225
India 229 x 305
UK 254 x 254
Philippines 225 x 300
Nepal 305 x 305
Japan 400 x 280

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2.3 Indian Standard Code:
The design of this particular kind of column is based on the code, which is referred to as IS 456-2000. The investigation is carried out
on a structure that has hanging columns.

3. Uses of Floating Columns:

The following are some applications for the floating columns:
 In comparison to the building that does not have floating columns, the building that has them demonstrates a greater amount of
story drift and story displacement in its stories.
 When adding a floating column to a building, the best location to do so is on the first level instead, as this allows the moment,
shear, and steel conditions of the entire structure to be underestimated.
 Therefore, the addition of the floating column is beneficial in that it provides an appropriate floor space index; however, this
results in an increase in the risk and susceptibility of the building.
 There has been a significant uptick in the number of contemporary buildings that make use of floating columns.

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3.1 Advantages of Floating Columns:
The following is a list of advantages that floating columns have:
 It complies with the prerequisites of good architectural design for a building. They are of great use in situations when the floor
below contains a significant span hall that holds rooms on its higher floor, such as hotels, auditoriums, and other such
establishments.
 They contribute to the making of softer stories and are helpful in doing so.
 The floor plans on each of the different floors are variable.
 It is possible to partition the rooms and expand certain sections without enlarging the footprint of the overall space.

3.2 Disadvantages of floating columns:

The following is a list of the drawbacks that the floating columns have:
 It suffers the consequences of an earthquake. It is possible for the beams that are supported by these columns to experience a
significant amount of shear, bending, and torsion.
 As was just mentioned, it pulls in a significant amount of forces.
 It results in an increase in the amount of storey displacement in buildings.
 Because the columns do not rest on major continuous columns, there is a discontinuity between them and the columns below
and above them, which leaves them susceptible to damage.

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4. LITERATURE REVIEW:
 (Thakur & Khatun, 2022)In the field of professional engineering known as civil engineering, projects including roads, bridges,
canals, dams, and buildings are designed, built, and kept in good condition. The study and design of structures that sustain or
resist loads are the focus of structural engineering, a subfield of civil engineering. The study of architectural drawings and the
framing drawings of buildings with floating columns are the subjects of this essay. The project work will be carried out in an
existing residential building made up of G+ 7 buildings. The research also looks at the load distribution on the floating
columns and the numerous impacts that result from it. It is also examined how lines of force affect things and how they matter.

 (R & Pany, 2020)Floating columns are defined as those that rest on a beam without a foundation. They are often utilised in
multi-story structures with parking on the first level and open hallways on upper stories. This column displays discontinuity
along the load transfer route. They are thus built to handle gravitational loads. However, these constructions are not built to
withstand earthquake loads. In the current situation, floating column buildings may be a regular sight in metropolitan India.
However, because to the discontinuity in the load transfer route, where the whole earthquake force on the structure is shared by
the shear walls without any stresses on the floating columns, this form of construction is not chosen in tectonic zones. This
essay examines the characteristics of multi-story buildings subjected to earthquake stresses, both with and without floating
columns. This investigation emphasises the significance of finding the floating column specifically within the study of the
structure and establishing its relationship to a building without a floating column utilising designing software. The
performance of structures with floating columns in seismically active regions is also covered in this research. In addition to
these different parameters, base shear, the influence of the number of storeys on drift, and maximum displacement are also
explored.

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 (Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Frame with and Without Floating Columns Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Frame with and
Without Floating Columns, n.d.)Floating columns are becoming more common in today's construction scene for structures in
India's urban areas that are constructed of reinforced concrete. Such practises are typically undesirable in earthquake-prone
regions. Use of floating columns tends to increase column moments, storey shear and storey drift, etc., which ultimately
reduces the structural strength of the building. The goal of the current study is to evaluate whether floating columns exist in
high rise RC frames that have infill walls or not. Static analysis was used to study and analyse these two distinct RC frame
cases. Four models—Model 1 (G+9 Bare RC frame without provision of floating column), Model 2 (G+ 9 infill RC frames
without provision of floating column), Model 3 (G+9 Bare RC frame with floating column), and Model 4 (G+ 9 infill RC
frames with floating column)—are used in the current study. Using the Equivalent Static Method (ESM) at Zone 1, seismic
analyses of all four models have been performed (III). All four models are subjected to additional comparisons of the outcomes
based on parameters like Storey Drifts and Storey Displacements, etc. As required by IS: 1893-2002, this seismic analysis was
conducted using the ETABS 2015 programme. Floating column structures play an important role for the occupancy and free
circulation feature in light of recent trends to develop a structure with owner satisfaction levels of occupancy and free
circulation space. According to the current study, RC frame structures may be dangerously damaged by the use of floating
columns in seismically active areas.

 (Pandey, G., & Jamle, 2018)Diverse multistory buildings are currently being built using floating columns in a variety of
locations for attractive views, more room in parking lots for movement and for the creation of various plans at various stories.
The analysis of a G+ 14-story structure with and without floating columns at various locations inside the floors for perimeter
columns at various heights for seismic zone V is presented in this paper as a comparison study. The goal of this research is to
compare how RC frame structures that include floating columns and those that don't respond to normal loading and earthquake
loading. It is suggested to use response spectrum analysis to examine how earthquake forces affect various building models for
different parameters. All models are subjected to a comparison analysis of the outcomes. For four scenarios, the structure with
floating columns on the top stories will yield the best results.

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 (Shrivastav & Patidar, 2018) The goal of the current research is to examine how multistory buildings with floating columns
respond to seismic forces while also observing the impact of shear walls on the same structure. Three examples of multi-story
buildings—each with eight, twelve, and sixteen stories—are taken into consideration for this purpose. Using the Staad
software, zone III, zone IV, and zone V analyses are performed on each of the three examples that include floating columns
with and without shear walls. Pro. Observation demonstrates that the use of floating columns improves the building's FSI but
poses risks and increases the structure's fragility. Because the amount of intensity will be greater for higher zones, it is evident
from the analysis that the building's lateral displacement and storey drift increase from lower to higher zones. These parametric
values decrease in all models when shear walls are used. In multistory buildings with floating columns and shear walls, this
analysis work is helpful in addressing the parameters of lateral displacement and storey drift.

 (Lingeshwaran et al., 2021)Community buildings with floating columns and shear walls are now commonly seen in areas of
urban India built in the modern era of levelled storey construction. Earthquakes that have recently and in the past suggest that
if building and designing structures are not done properly with the necessary quality and quantity, it may result in significant
loss and the destruction of structures. Buildings that were constructed using these components in seismically active areas are
not highly advised. This is the situation that arose to offer protection from seismic forces experienced by all high rise modes.
As a result, it's crucial to understand how such built modalities respond to earthquakes in order to design earthquake-resistant
buildings by performing seismic analysis on the structure. This essay emphasises the value of including a floating column and
the presence of a shear wall in community buildings. The stiffness balance of the FL-1 and upper storeys is another alternative
measure that is said to reduce the irregularities in the structure of the proposed building. among all methods When the
determined underlying reaction is nonlinear, time history investigation is considered to be essential for the initial seismic
examination. Time history analysis has finished the current task of dynamic analysis of G + 9 multi-storeyed RCC building
taken into account for Bhuj Earthquake of January 26, 2001. With the aid of the ETABS (18.0.2) programming, reaction range
examination and all seismic reactions to local area buildings are relatively examined and demonstrated [6–8]. For a review on
both the building with a floating column present and the building without a floating column, the floor displacement, base shear,
and inter-storey drift are measured. In this analysis, we took into account three different cases, and to compare the results from
the Time History method and Response Spectrum method.

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 (Sreevidya et al., 2018)Many buildings today are designed and built with intricate architectural details. The difficulties include
a variety of irregularities, such as floating columns at different levels and places. In buildings constructed in seismically active
areas, these floating columns present significant disadvantages. Buildings need to transfer the earthquake forces that are
generated at various floor levels along the shortest path possible to the ground, but because of floating columns, the load
transfer path is interrupted, which causes the building to perform poorly. This study focuses on steel concrete composite
structures with floating columns in various plan positions, in buildings of various heights, such as G+3, G+10, and G+15, in
lower and higher seismic zones. Using the ETABS programme, linear static analysis is performed. Storey shear, storey drift,
and storey displacement are compared, among other parameters.

 (Abhinay et al., 2017)Buildings with floating columns are a common feature of contemporary multi-story construction
techniques in urban India. In buildings constructed in seismically active areas, these types of constructions are highly
undesirable. The analysis of a G+5 storey floating column building and a G+5 storey normal building for external lateral forces
is covered in this paper. The analysis is carried out utilising SAP 2000. In this paper, the variation of the two structures is also
investigated. To do this, the ground motions from previous earthquakes are applied to the two structures, and the displacement
time history values are then compared. This study aims to determine whether building a structure with a floating column in a
seismically active area is safe or unsafe, as well as whether doing so is cost-effective or not.

 (Journal, n.d.)The increasing need for more space, whether in the form of parking spaces, aesthetic viewpoints, or ambiance
from architectural verse, sometimes prompts structural designers to make plans and take action in response to it. No structural
engineer has ever preferred to build multi-storey buildings with floating columns; instead, this has always been a demand or
requirement from the architect or the owner. However, compared to normal structures, such structures are much more likely to
sustain damage during earthquakes in highly seismic zones. The study's findings include static analyses of multi-storey
structures with and without floating columns, as well as analyses of various building structures by varying the placement of
floating columns floor by floor. building models' structural responses to base shear, storey drift, and storey displacement over
time for both buildings. SAP2000v17, STAAD-PRO, and ETABS are three different structural analysis and design software
programmes used in the analysis.

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 (Sreenivasulu & Sowjanya, 2019)Modern multi-storey urban Indian buildings have floating columns. Seismically active
buildings should avoid such features. This study emphasises the importance of explicitly recognising the floating column in
building analysis. To reduce floating column irregularity, stiffness balance of the first and second storeys is suggested.
Earthquakes in several regions demonstrate the dangers of inadequate structures. In urban India, floating column buildings are
common. The floating column may rest on a beam. In a tall building, unstable inertia forces generated at floor levels must be
brought down on the peak to the bottom, and any deviation or separation during this load transfer path leads to poor
performance. So seismically active buildings should avoid floating columns. Gift study examines building's floating columns'
negative effects. Multi-storey RC buildings with and without floating columns have frame models to compare structural
parameters like natural amount, base shear, and horizontal displacement under unstable excitation.

 (Goud, 2017)This paper compares seismic-free loading and non-floating columns. There are many observations of damages
caused by irregularity in buildings, such as vertical irregularity is predominant to structure during earthquake excitation,
earthquake forces developed at different floor levels in building need to be brought down along the height to the ground by the
shortest path, any deviation or discontinuity such as floating columns results in poor building performance. This study
compares RC frame buildings with and without floating columns under earthquake and normal loading. Response spectrum
analysis is suggested for assessing earthquake forces on building models for various parameters. The goal is to determine
which structure is better. This study compared building analysis results like storey drifts, displacement, and steel requirements.

 (Sawai et al., 2021)Modern multi-storey urban Indian buildings with floating columns are unsuitable for seismically active and
inactive zones. This study examines the structural irregularity caused by a column discontinuity in a building subjected to
seismic loads in different zones. This paper performs static and conventional equivalent static analysis for a multi-storey
building with and without floating columns in seismic zones II and V. Floating columns are placed floor-wise, setback, and
within floors to study different building cases. The structural response of building models to Fundamental time period, Base
shear, Storey drift, and Storey displacements is examined. STAAD Pro V8i analyses.

21
 (Jain & Gupta, 2017)High-rise buildings are preferred as demand for residential and commercial space rises. Floating columns
are used for large uninterrupted spaces needed for people or vehicles. Loads are transferred from horizontal to vertical to
foundation level, so there must be a clear load path. However, floating columns rest on beams at their base. The floating
column's load is transferred to horizontal beams by this column discontinuity at any floor. Overturning effect causes large
vertical earthquake forces. Thus, transfer girders and columns below floating columns should be carefully considered. In this
study, floating columns affect seismic behaviour. Note the floating column configuration effect. Three G+20 RC framed
building models were created and analysed using STAAD.Pro V8i software by Equivalent Static Method. Axial force, shear,
moment, base shear, and displacement were compared. The study found that corner columns should not be floated in severe
seismic zones because design parameters are more severe in such configurations.

 (SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BRACED FRAMED STRUCTURE, n.d.)Modern urban India multi-storey buildings have
floating columns. Seismically active buildings should avoid such features. This paper analyses G+30 storeys.External lateral
force floating column. ETABS 9.7.4 analyses. Bracing prevents earthquake or wind-induced lateral force. This paper examines
how a floating column under earthquake excitation affects various Inverted V Braced frame sections. Linear Static and
Dynamic Analysis is done for multi-storey frames with floating columns to determine the responses (effect) and factors for
safe and economical design under different earthquake excitation. Thus, determining such factors for safe and cost-effective
floating column building design. Static and dynamic earthquake analysis is done. Displacement, Storey=drift, time, and base
shear are compared across studies.

 (Lingeshwaran et al., 2021)Now, community buildings in India's cities often have floating columns and shear walls.
Earthquakes that have happened recently and in the past show that if buildings aren't built and designed with the right amount
of quality and quantity, it can cause a lot of damage and cost a lot of money.It's not a good idea to build with these materials,
which were used in places that are prone to earthquakes. This is the case that came up to protect all high-rise buildings from
the effects of earthquakes. So, it's important to do a seismic analysis of the building to find out how it reacts to earthquakes.
This will help you design buildings that can withstand earthquakes. This paper definitely shows how important it is to have a
shear wall and a floating column in a community building. And some of the alternative measures, like balancing the stiffness
of the storey-1 (FL-1) and upper storeys, are said to make the proposed building structure less wavy. Of all techniques Most of
the time, when the underlying reaction is found to be nonlinear, a primary seismic examination must include a time history
study.

22
4.2 Conclusion from Literature Review:
Now a day’s usage of floating column is increasing in multistory building structural design. This is due to space & aesthetic functional
requirement are being fulfilled, thus notable to a raise in their necessity in residential and commercial buildings. However by
analyzing seismic behavior of floating column, it can be concluded that seismic prone area, building with floating column exhibit
higher storey drift and storey displacement compared to building without floating column. The details of comparison with and without
floating column are summarized below.

• Structure with floating column shows maximum displacement when compare to the structure without floating column

• With increase in storey number displacement increase, that is from lower to higher storey displacement increase

• When floating column is shifted towards higher storey lateral displacement increases

• Structure without floating column shows minimum storey drift while with floating column shows maximum storey drift.

• Structure without floating column shows minimum base shear while with floating column shows maximum base shear.

Further it can be conclude that floating column at higher floor must be avoided in high rise building design.

4.3 Objectives of the Study:

 Modeling, analysis and design of RCC structures with and without floating columns for specific conditions.
 Comparative study of different parameters like base shear, load carrying capacity, displacement, time period, axial force.
 Defining suitable system of arrangement for floating column through analysis history. 

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5. METHODOLOGY:
Predict the effect of the presence of a floating column and the presence of a shear wall on various design parameters and situations
subject to seismic effects [3]. To study the advantages of supplying floating columns and to assess the advantages of providing
floating columns with shear walls [3].
To place side-by-side the software-obtained findings of all models.
Case 1: High-rise building lacking a floating column.
Case 2: Skyscraper with a floating column.
Case 3: A skyscraper with a floating column and a shear wall.

Material and load properties:

1. No of Stories: 10 (G + 9)
2. Beam size: 0.35mx0.30 m
3. Column size: 0.45mx0.45 m
4. Slab size: 0.125 m
5. Stairs slab size: 0.100 m
6. Live load: 2.5 KN/m2
7. Dead load: 1.5 KN/m2
8. Density of concrete: 25 KN/m3
9. Seismic Zones: Zone 3
10. Site type: II
11. Importance factor: 1.5
12. Response reduction factor: 3

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13. Damping Ratio: 5%
14. Structure clasz: C
15. Concrete Design Code: IS 456: 2000
16. Earth quake design code: IS 1893: 2002 (Part 1)
17. Seismic Zone factor (Z): 0.16

In this structure model, RC multi-celebrated buildings with 10 stories are figured out based on 3 cases, and then they are analysed.
The average height of a floor is thought to be 3.5 m, and the height of a story at ground level is thought to be 3 m. Linear analysis
methods make a guess about how flexible RC structures are and tell you where the first increase in elasticity will happen [13]. The
linear static method of analysis is mostly used for small, solid, safe buildings.
Using some physical rules and mathematical formulas, structural analysis is a way to figure out how a structural system reacts and
what it does [14]. The main purpose of structural analysis is to figure out how to handle the core forces, stresses, and deformation of
RC structures under different load effects.
The Equivalent Lateral Force method is a unique way to plan all of the lateral forces and masses on each floor [13]. Then, the structure
dramatisation is found by smearing the lateral forces and masses acting on each story in both the X and Y directions. As per the IS
code 1893(Part-1)-2002, these lateral loads are mostly made by taking into account a number of factors, such as the Response
reduction factor (R), the importance factor (I), the zone factor (Z), the structural response factor (Sa/g), the horizontal acceleration
coefficient (Ah), and the total seismic weight of the building (W).
Wind Load Calculation:
Formula, VZ = Vb ⁄ K1 ⁄ K2 ⁄ K3
As per IS 875(Part-III)-1987
K1 = 1 (For 50 years)

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K2 = 1.31 (from Table 2 of IS code 1893(Part-1)-2002) K3 = 1
VZ = 44*1*1.31*1 = 57.64 m/sec.
Pz = 0.6*V2
Pz = 0.6*57.64
= 1.99KN/m2
The building has been planned in the software based on the above values. Then, Analysis is done for each of the three cases in turn.
Then, all of the results were studied by looking at how the three cases turned out.

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6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Case1:
Fig 7: Elevation view along Grid line B of Case 1 Fig 8: Shear, Bending moment, deflection diagrams of a beam in case 1

Fig 9: Combined storey drift results of case 1 Fig 10: Combined storey displacement results of case 1

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 Fig 11: Elevation view along Grid line B of Case 2

Maximum Story Displacement in Case 3 is 0.03345 mm at FL 9.

28
Maximum Story Drift in Case 1 is 0.000002 mm along x direction at FL 2 which is in the permissible limits.

Case 2
Fig 12: Shear, Bending moment, deflection diagrams of a beam in case2 Fig 13: Combined storey drift results of case 2

29
 Fig 14: Combined storey displacement results of case 2

 Maximum Story Displacement in Case 2 is 39.72 mm at FL 9

 Maximum Story drift in Case 2 is 0.00149 mm along x direction at FL 2, is in the permissible limits.

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Case 3:
Fig 15: Elevation view of case 3 Fig 16: Shear, Bending moment, deflection diagrams of a beam in case 2

 Maximum Story Displacement in Case 3 is 26.972 mm at FL 9

 Maximum Story Drift in Case 3 is 0.001163 mm along x direc
-tion at FL 5 which is in the permissible limits.

31
Fig 17: Combined storey drift of case 3 Fig 18: Combined storie displacement result of case 3

32
7. CONCLUSION:
As of right now, the main goal of this study was to figure out how well reinforced concrete buildings with floating columns handle
earthquakes  after adding a shear wall. For this analysis and parametric study, both the response spectrum analysis (RSA) and the time
history method (THM) are used with three models: without floating columns and skimming segments, with gliding segments, and with
coasting segments and a shear divider. Through the analysis and parametric study of storey shear, drift, and displacement time-frame,
it was found that the performance of multi-story RC structures with skimming segments under seismic excitation is poor [2]. So, Shear
dividers were added to a multi-story RC building to make it safer from earthquakes. Shear walls improved the seismic performance of
buildings with more than one story by as much as 10 to 30 percent in areas like story float, time span, story shear, and removal.

33
8. REFERENCES:

Abhinay, Y., Rao, H. S., & Ghorpade, V. G. (2017). Comparison of Seismic Analysis of a Floating Column Building and a Normal
Building. 12(3), 421–431.
Goud, R. (2017). Study of Floating and Non-Floating Columns with and Without Earthquake. International Journal of Science
Technology & Engineering, 4(1), 152–157.

Jain, S. K., & Gupta, P. N. (2017). Comparative Parametric Study of Seismic Behaviour of RC Framed Building With & Without Floating
Column In Different Configuration. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET), 4(2), 309–314.
https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i2/IRJET-V4I261.pdf

Journal, I. (n.d.). IRJET- A REVIEW ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MULTI STOREY STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT
FLOATING COLUMNS A REVIEW ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MULTI.

Lingeshwaran, N., Kranthinadimpalli, S., Kollasailaja, Sameeruddin, S., Kumar, Y. H., & Madavarapu, S. B. (2021). A study on seismic
analysis of high-rise building with and without floating columns and shear wall. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47(xxxx), 5451–
5456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.120

Pandey, G., & Jamle, S. (2018). Optimum Location of Floating Column in Multistorey Building With Seismic Loading Optimum
Location of Floating Column in Multistorey. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(10), 971–
976.

R, S. A., & Pany, D. C. (2020). Seismic Study of Multistorey Building using Floating Column. International Journal of Emerging Science
and Engineering, 6(9), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijese.g2334.046920

Sawai, G., Atif, M., & Khan, Y. (2021). Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Building with Floating and Non Floating Column. Ijecs, 4(7), 16–
19.

Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Frame with and Without Floating Columns Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Frame with and Without
Floating Columns. (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2018.0705096

34
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BRACED FRAMED STRUCTURE. (n.d.).

Shrivastav, A., & Patidar, A. (2018). Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings having Floating Columns. In International Journal of Civil
Engineering (Vol. 5, Issue 5, pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/ijce-v5i5p101

Sreenivasulu, K., & Sowjanya, K. (2019). IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO : 2394-8442
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING OF MULTI STORY BUILDING WITH FLOATING COLUMNS BY CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
ANALYSIS BY USING ETABS M . Tech Scholar Department of CIVIL Engineering , G. Iaetsd Journal for Advance Research in Applied
Sciences, VI(244), 244–248.

Sreevidya, M. G., Joseph, N., & Thomas, T. (2018). Effect of Floating Column on the Seismic Behaviour of a Multistoried Building.
4946–4950.

Thakur, A., & Khatun, A. (2022). Comparative Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied Building with and Without Floating Columns. Lecture
Notes in Civil Engineering, 196(October 2014), 863–872. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_70

Abhinay, Y., Rao, H. S., & Ghorpade, V. G. (2017). Comparison of Seismic Analysis of a Floating Column Building and a Normal
Building. 12(3), 421–431.

Goud, R. (2017). Study of Floating and Non-Floating Columns with and Without Earthquake. International Journal of Science
Technology & Engineering, 4(1), 152–157.

Jain, S. K., & Gupta, P. N. (2017). Comparative Parametric Study of Seismic Behaviour of RC Framed Building With & Without Floating
Column In Different Configuration. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET), 4(2), 309–314.
https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i2/IRJET-V4I261.pdf

Journal, I. (n.d.). IRJET- A REVIEW ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MULTI STOREY STRUCTURE WITH AND WITHOUT
FLOATING COLUMNS A REVIEW ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MULTI.

Lingeshwaran, N., Kranthinadimpalli, S., Kollasailaja, Sameeruddin, S., Kumar, Y. H., & Madavarapu, S. B. (2021). A study on seismic
analysis of high-rise building with and without floating columns and shear wall. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47(xxxx), 5451–
5456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.120

Pandey, G., & Jamle, S. (2018). Optimum Location of Floating Column in Multistorey Building With Seismic Loading Optimum
Location of Floating Column in Multistorey. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(10), 971–

35
 976.

R, S. A., & Pany, D. C. (2020). Seismic Study of Multistorey Building using Floating Column. International Journal of Emerging Science
and Engineering, 6(9), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijese.g2334.046920

Sawai, G., Atif, M., & Khan, Y. (2021). Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Building with Floating and Non Floating Column. Ijecs, 4(7), 16–
19.

Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Frame with and Without Floating Columns Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Frame with and Without
Floating Columns. (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2018.0705096

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BRACED FRAMED STRUCTURE. (n.d.).

Shrivastav, A., & Patidar, A. (2018). Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings having Floating Columns. In International Journal of Civil
Engineering (Vol. 5, Issue 5, pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/ijce-v5i5p101

Sreenivasulu, K., & Sowjanya, K. (2019). IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO : 2394-8442
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING OF MULTI STORY BUILDING WITH FLOATING COLUMNS BY CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
ANALYSIS BY USING ETABS M . Tech Scholar Department of CIVIL Engineering , G. Iaetsd Journal for Advance Research in Applied
Sciences, VI(244), 244–248.

Sreevidya, M. G., Joseph, N., & Thomas, T. (2018). Effect of Floating Column on the Seismic Behaviour of a Multistoried Building.
4946–4950.

Thakur, A., & Khatun, A. (2022). Comparative Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied Building with and Without Floating Columns. Lecture
Notes in Civil Engineering, 196(October 2014), 863–872. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_70

36
37