Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Quarter 2 Grade Level
Week 1 Learning Area
Day MELC
1
Content Standards:
The learner understands
the human person’s
freedom
Performance Standards:
The learner shows
situations that
demonstrate freedom of
choice and the
consequences of choices
Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC):
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WEEKLY LEARNING PLAN
DAILY LESSON LOG
XII Section
Introduction to Philosophy Time
of the Human Person
Topic/s Classroom-Based Activities
MOTIVATION: TELL ME WHAT FREEDOM IS! (3 mins)
1. The teacher will ask the students to define the word FREEDOM based on their own perception of the word.
IMAGO DEI: 2. The teacher will consolidate their answers.
The Origin of
ACTIVITY: THE FIRST TEMPTATION (10 mins)
Freedom
1. The teacher will divide the class into four groups and will disseminate the storyline strips that they need to
arrange.
2. The teacher will facilitate the following directions to the students:
Directions:
Do you still remember the story of the first Temptation?
Read each paragraph carefully.
Arrange the story by placing the right number inside the philosophical circles starting from 1 – 7 respectively.
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Realize that “all actions
have consequences.”
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)

Intended Learning
Outcomes:
1. Explain the Imago Dei
doctrine as the origin of
freedom

2. Correlate the faculty of

reason and free will in
everyday living

3. Realize that free will

must always be inclined
with reason

Materials Needed:
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ANALYSIS: (5 mins)
1. Storyline strips 1. Did you get the correct arrangement?
2. Module Copy 2. What are your bases for arranging the storylines?
3. Markers 3. How did the first temptation happen?

The teacher will show the correct answer. (2 mins)

Reference:
Introduction to Philosophy ABSTRACTION: (20 mins)
of the Human Person Adam and Eve were both intelligent and were given by God the whole dominion of the earth.
Quarter 2, Module 1 They also have the freedom of what to eat and what not.
It is not difficult to comprehend this verse from Genesis when we fully understand it from a philosophical
perspective. Philosophy makes it easier for us to understand our faith – hence, philosophia ancilla theologiae.
And so, what does it mean? And how does freedom originates from this?

 
Gen. 2:7 Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the
breath of life, and the man became a living being.
Gen 2:20-22 So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one
of the man’s ribs and then closed up the place with flesh. Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he
had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.

God commanded Adam

Gen. 2:16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you
must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die.”

Reference: The Bible, Genesis Chapters 2-3

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Gen. 3:6-7 When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye,
and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her
husband, who was with her, and he ate it. 7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they
realized they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.

We start with a Latin phrase: Philosophia ancilla theologiae. This phrase literally means "philosophy is
the servant of theology." This phrase is famous during the medieval period in philosophy and it was
espoused by St. Thomas Aquinas. There is a misconception here - everybody thought that theology is
above philosophy and vice versa because of the term ‘servant’. But then again, we shall be clear that
we use philosophy to understand theology – “the idea was to improve theology, not to enslave
philosophy.”

IMAGO DEI – the image of God

APPLICATION: FREEDOM FOR EVERYONE! (10 mins)

1. The teacher will divide the class into four.
2. Each group will present either one of the following depending on their drawn lots:
Short Drama, Short Poem, Chant, Short Song

Note: A scoring rubric will be provided by the teacher.

EVALUATION: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 mins)

1. IMAGO DEI is a Latin phrase which means
A. Image of God B. Mage of the Day C. Image of Day D. Freedom Day
2. What does philosophia ancilla theologiae means?
A. Philosophy is not like Theology C. Philosophy bothers Theology
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B. Philosophy is the handmaid of Theology D. Philosophy contradicts Theology
3. What is the first gift given to humankind that is capable of
understanding the order of all things that God created?
A. Free will B. Courage C. Reason D. Aspiration
4. What do you call the second gift which is also known as the faculty of the mind that selects a desire at the
moment of decision from among the various desires present?
A. Courage B. Reason C. Aspiration D. Free will
5. What did Adam and Eve feel after eating the forbidden fruit?
A. Guilt B. Anxious C. Excited D. Satisfied
6. It is an outstanding manifestation of the divine image.
A. Subjectivity B. Freedom C. Morality D. Divinity
7. What do you call the inner voice that you hear that falls beneath the faculty of reason?
A. Whisper B. Gossips C. Conscience D. Inner persona
8. Where does freedom come from?
A. From EDSA revolution C. From the philosophers of the ancient times
B. From Jean Paul Sartre’s reflection D. From God
9. As Image Dei, we are bound to do -
A. Things that we want to do because we are free C. What is needed to do even it is bad
B. Good and avoid evil D. All that the people ask you to do
10. What is the essence of the Imago Dei?
A. We are given freedom to do anything we want C. Freedom is just a matter of characteristic of a person
B. Reason is beyond and over free will D. We are given the reason and free will that goes together
AGREEMENT: For tomorrow, kindly bring pieces of A4 size white bond paper and pencil
2 Most Essential Learning The Human’s MOTIVATION: THE CHOICE YOU’VE CHOSEN (5 mins)
Competency (MELC): Can you please write that one thing your parents prohibits you from doing but you did it anyway?
Evaluate and exercise
Free Will
prudence in choices The teacher will consolidate their answers.
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(PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)
ACTIVITY: IF FREEDOM IS AN ANIMAL (10 mins)
Using a whole sheet of white bond paper, draw an animal that you think has more capability of creating a
Intended Learning decision or a choice.
Outcomes:
ANALYSIS: (10 mins)
1. Explain the essence and 1. What is the animal you’ve drawn?
importance of free will 2. Why did you choose that animal? Is it capable of creating a decision? Why or why not?

2. Relate free will to a ABSTRACTION: (25 mins)

real-life scenario Humans are considered the highest and supreme form of an animal because of their capabilities to decide for
wise decisions and make certain choices.
3. Contrast the result of
free will to the decisions
made by a person

Resources Needed:

1. Module Copy
2. Pen and Papers

Reference:

Introduction to Philosophy
of the Human Person

It reveals the gift of God towards man – the gift of REASON and FREE WILL – as it says, “the human person
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participates in the light and power of the divine Spirit. By his REASON, he is capable of understanding the order
of things established by the Creator. By FREE WILL, he is capable of directing himself toward his true good. He
finds perfection in seeking and loving what is true and good.”

The essence of freedom in a human person is to do good and avoid evil. Free will must always come with a
rational and logical intellect. We do good because we are naturally born as good. We may do bad things, but it
does not take away the gift of freedom within us – there is just a corresponding consequence that we must be
accountable of. So to bring back the grace of goodness within our personhood, we follow the highest good of
all – doing the right thing always.

Let us apply this concept in our everyday living: ● All actions have consequences. It is indeed true because of
the ORDER of THINGS. With the faculty of reason, we are capable of understanding the order of things o
Therefore, in all beings alive, only the human person can evaluate his/her own actions and the corresponding
consequences that may occur o Example, we know that cheating is bad. But we want to pass the quiz and we
don’t want to fail it, so we attempt to cheat and we’re able to pass it. At the end of the day, there is a guilty
feeling, and that feeling is because we have done something wrong. We are free to cheat, but be ready to face
the consequences of cheating. Now, what are the consequences? First, you may be able to pass the quiz but
never learned anything in life. Second, your credentials might be questionable in the future. Third, there is an
order of things – one mistake might affect all others, like a domino effect.

Let us not forget the concept of St. Thomas Aquinas:

Aquinas views the image of God in three senses:
1. The general sense of the image of God is seen in all people because of their rational faculty.:
2. The richer or higher sense of the image of God is seen only in believers who are being conformed to the
grace of God (Christ), though they are imperfect.
3. The highest sense of the image of God is seen in believers who have been glorified.
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APPLICATION: ESSAY (10 mins)

Scenario: One day in class, you overheard in a cellphone conversation that your classmate named Anne is
already two months pregnant. Based on the conversation you’ve heard, Anne’s boyfriend who is on the call
wants to abort the baby. Anne doesn’t want the idea. No one knows her current situation except her
boyfriend.

The day after, you chose to spill the tea on one of your friends. You mentioned that Anne is pregnant, and her
parents still didn’t know about it. Rumors spread and it became known to the whole school. Anne, upon
hearing the gossip, got depressed. What is worst is that Anne’s parents could not accept her situation. Days
passed that she did not go to school.

The shocking news was received one morning. Anne was dead. She was found hanging inside her apartment.
When you knew the news, you could not speak. Your heart beats fast. Your sweat starts dripping even if it’s
cold and raining. It is a day full of horror for you because you knew – SHE WAS DEAD BECAUSE OF YOU!

Questions:
1. If you will be given the chance to explain, what were you thinking when you started creating the gossip?
2. What could have happened when you did not spread the news?
3. If you can go back to the time when Anne is still alive, what will you do differently to help her?
4. For you, how important is using your freedom in the right way?

AGREEMENT: Search for an image of Jean-Paul Sartre and get some screenshots. Most importantly, know his
background. Also, bring a piece of manila paper.
3 Most Essential Learning MOTIVATION: REWINDING THE PAST
Competency (MELC): Define these Latin words in English:
Evaluate and exercise 1. Ancilla 2. Imago 3. Theologiae 4. Philosophia 5. Dei
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prudence in choices The Life of 2. What does this mean? Imago Dei, Philosophia Ancilla Theologiae
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
Jean-Paul ACTIVITY: HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW JEAN?
Sartre Direction: Select from the box provided and put it the spaces below that will describe who Jean Paul Sartre was.
Intended Learning There are only five characteristics that will define who Jean was.
Outcomes:

1. Describe who Jean-Paul

Sartre was

2. Contemplate the
freedom we possess

3. Work with the group to

understand the life of
Sartre

Atheist Christian Theologian Existentialist

Absolute Freedom Essentialist Teacher Philosopher

ANALYSIS:
1. Were you able to get the correct answer?
2. Why is Jean Paul considered an Atheist?
3. Why is Jean Paul considered an Existentialist?

ABSTRACTION:
Jean Paul Sartre: a Philosopher, Atheist, Teacher, and Existentialist. Let us focus on his concept of freedom in the
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light of an atheist and an existentialist. Sartre’s absolute freedom can be best explained from his atheistic view –
if god does not exist, then everything is permissible. Simply, no god, no rules – no rules, you can do anything.
Moreover, according to him, “if there are no guidelines for our actions, then each of us is forced to design our
own moral code, to invent a morality to live by.” That’s what makes Sartre an atheist after all. As an existentialist,
all of them have this same maxim – Existence precedes essence. Basically, existentialism is a philosophical theory
Resources Needed: or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining
their own development through acts of the will. Meaning to say, all humans exist first without having their
Manila Paper essence. This is a counterpart to determinism, (essentialism) where that ideology speaks about pre-determined
Markers life for each individual. Jean Paul Sartre would definitely not agree with determinism, simply because for him, all
Module Copy individuals should make their own path in life.

APPLICATION: ESSAY
Reference: Give an explanation to these series of questions:
Introduction to Philosophy 1. Is freedom a gift to humankind? Or is it a curse condemning a man to be free?
of the Human Person, 2. How are we going to live life to the fullest?
Quarter 2, Module 2 3. How are we going to choose the life we want?
4. Are we truly free?

4 Most Essential Learning ACTIVITY: MY BUCKET LIST

Competency (MELC): A bucket list is a list of things to do before you die. You might want to do something weird or profound before
Evaluate and exercise you leave this world. Now, for 15 minutes, do self-reflection. Remember the things you have done in the past.
prudence in choices Think of the things you want to do. Write down below 5 things you wish you could do before you die.
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.2) 1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
Intended Learning 3. _______________________________________________________________________
Outcomes: 4. _______________________________________________________________________
1. Describe Jean-Paul 5. _______________________________________________________________________
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Sartre’s Absolute Freedom
ANALYSIS:
2. Assess your everyday Let us analyze your bucket list by answering the following questions below:
choices in the spirit of 1. Is it possible for you to do all the things you listed? How?
prudence 2. What can you say if you are unable to do all these?
3. What do you think are the hindrances that could stop you from doing all these? Name some and explain.
3. Make worthy decisions 4. If you cannot fulfill your bucket list, does it mean failure in your whole life? Think deeply. Elaborate on your
in life answer.

Resources Needed: ABSTRACTION:

We have the freedom to do the things that we want to do. But this freedom does not guarantee us to experience
Manila Paper the life that we wanted to have. If there are things that we cannot do, does it mean freedom is not really
Markers absolute at all? Or, What does Sartre mean when he says freedom is indeed absolute?
Module Copy
For Jean Paul Sartre, each agent is endowed with unlimited freedom. This unlimited freedom connotes two
possible realities – we are either free or not free. Free to do all things and not free to do all we desire. But it has a
Reference: greater positive scheme, not just the angle of facticity for Sartre. He presents his notion of freedom as amounting
Introduction to Philosophy to making choices, and indeed not being able to avoid making choices. Absolute freedom, therefore, means the
of the Human Person, act of free will to choose – and we cannot avoid the act of choosing. Sartre's conception of choice can best be
Quarter 2, Module 2 understood by reference to an individual's original choice. For example, you choose to be religious. A religious
person is morally upright because there are certain standards of living especially when we correlate them with
ethics. When our original choice is to live a moral life, therefore everything follows! It will create a domino effect
in the sense that if you choose to live a good life, then all your choices are good in any way. In fact, these choices
are not made out of the influences of the environment. But take note, these choices are personal choices.

These are not merely simple choices but holistically a choice to create a personal project. Sartre views the whole
life of an individual as expressing an original project that unfolds throughout time. The human person shall unveil
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his/her personhood through his/her own choices. This is not a project of which the individual has proper
knowledge of, but rather one that man may interpret. Specific choices are therefore always components in time
of this time-spanning original choice of project. We are truly free because we have the ability to decide on our
own. Freedom is indeed absolute because it is a freedom of spontaneous choices.

Sartre’s absolute freedom consists of these two realities – that we can do anything (good or evil), and at the
same time, we choose to live our own way of life. In a nutshell,

APPLICATION:
Let us try to answer the questions from the analysis part of the module to examine the human person’s real life
situation:
1. Is it possible for you to do all the things you listed? How?
Nothing is impossible for someone whose eyes are fixed to his/her goals. If it is possible, then we can do it. How?
Through CONSISTENCY and PERSEVERANCE. These are the keys to empowering freedom to an individual even to
the self. We shall make consistent choices in life and we persevere in the decision we make.

2. What can you say if you are unable to do all these?

If there are things we cannot do, maybe there’s a message for us beneath those lapses. We cannot do things
certainly because there are other people who can do them for us. Jean-Paul Sartre didn’t want us to feel bad
about the limitations that we have, but he wants us to transcend our limitations – to go beyond the freedom that
is in us.
3. What do you think are the hindrances that could stop you from doing all these? Name some and explain.
One word, limitations: intellectual capacity, physical incapability, emotional stability, spiritually weak, morally
disturbed. These are the hindrances, but man is bigger than all of these. Man is free from all these hindrances.

4. If you cannot fulfill your bucket list, does it mean failure in your whole life? Think deeply. Elaborate on your
answer.
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There’s no such thing as failure in life. Whatever we do, whatever choices we make, whatever projects in life are
to be made – if we fail, we have the CHOICE to stand up and continue the journey. After all, we are free. We shall
live our life, not in bad faith, but with AUTHENTICITY. An authentic life is a life projected by existentialism. We
exist and make our own essences.