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Oleh: Syamsuddin Mahmud: Perkembangandan Kebijaksanaan Moneterdl Indonesia Sesudah Perang Duniaii
Oleh: Syamsuddin Mahmud: Perkembangandan Kebijaksanaan Moneterdl Indonesia Sesudah Perang Duniaii
M O N E T E R Dl I N D O N E S I A
S E S U D A H P E R A N G D U N I A II
Oleh : Syamsuddin M a h m u d
Summary
Monetary Developments a n d Policy in t h e Republic o f Indonesia After
World War I I . * )
This study deals with the development of hanking and monetary policy
in Indonesia, particularly during the period 1950 - 7 5 7 0 . Indonesia has,
at present, a population of nearly 130 miiiion people with a very rapid
growth of 2.5 per cent a year. As a consequence of this, the efforts to
expand domestic markets present a major importance.
Indonesia has a very imhaianced economy concentrating upon primarily
agrarian production. This condition has proved to he highly sensitive to
world market fiuctations and iargeriy influenced the welfare of the populat-
ion. At times it has dragged the country through depression and at other
times, stimulated hy ahnormai demand, it has caused sudden or short-lived
upswings of economic activities. For fifteen years, after the transfer of
authority in 1950, Indonesia had difficulties in estahiishing the strong
government needed to carry out economic development. Political instahiiity
in the 1950's was caused hy the immaturity of a mushrooming number of
political parties towards the economic conditions of the country, in the
early 1960's, the government policies were mainly political-party oriented
and too concerned with prestige projects; this raised stagnation and decline
in the economic field. As a consequence, strong inflationary pressures de-
veloped gradually in a weak and unstable economy, increasing at a staggering
rate to 650 per cent in 1966. This brought the economic system on the
verge of total collapse.
These conditions had a great impact on the growth of the Indonesian
monetary and hanking system. Indonesia has quite an unhealthy monetary
system, where a large amount of monetary units in circulation consists of
higger units. This structure of currency denominations is not beneficial to
the economy. Savings eroded and caused people to hold savings in the
form of jewelry, gold and land, inflation has created distortions in the
structure of prices and in the pattern of economic activity. The monetary
refomrs in 1950, 1959 and in 1955, besides so many mini-currency reforms.
TABEL 1
DEFISIT ANGGARAN NEGARA..
DAN BIAYA HIDUP
1953-1960 (1953 = ICQ)
J953 . 1954 1 9 5 5 1 9 5 6 1 9 5 7 1 9 5 8 1 9 5 9 1 9 6 0
Defisit (dalam j u t a a n ) 2.968 3.602 2.090 1.564 5.040 12.040 13.780 6.896
H u t a n g p e m e r i n t a h pada
Biaya hidup 100 103 127 142 159 225 280 367
I n d e k s harga 19 b a h a n
makanan 100 106 141 161 177 258 311 384
S U I V I B E R : B P S , dan B a n k I n d o n e s i a .
TABEL 2.
KOMPOSISI ANGGARAN NEGARA
UNTUK P E R T A H A N A N / K E A M A N A NDAN UNTUK
PRODUKSI/DISTRIBUSI SERTA INDEKS BIAYA HIDUP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T A B E L 3.
REALISASI P E N E R I M A A N DAN PENGELUARAN
P E M E R I N T A H S E R T A T I N G K A T I N F L A S I 1964 - 1969.
S U M B E R : B P S d a n Bank Indonesia.
* ) S e j a k 1 9 6 6 d i k a l k u l a s i k a n : R p . 1 . 0 0 0 lama = R p . 1 b a r u .
TERTENTU
1950 lU/u ro
l U 79
/z
Lemba-
ran. Ju t3 3 n % Jutaan % Jutaan %
rupiah rupiah 2/ rupiah 2/
EKI, V O L . X X I V , N O . 4, D E C . 1976