MARTHA ROGERS

I. MAJOR CONCEPTS
Energy Field - The energy field is the fundamental unit of both the living and non-living. It provides a
way to view people and the environment as irreducible wholes. The energy fields continuously vary in
intensity, density, and extent - they are called physical, bio logical, and cosmic.
Universe Of Open System - The concept of the universe of open systems holds that energy fields are
infinite, open, and integral with one another (Rogers, 1983). The human and environmental fields are in
continuous process and are open systems. Pattern identifies energy fields; Open Systems identify
environmental and huma n systems.
Pattern- Rogers defined the pattern as the distinguishing characteristic of an energy field seen as a single
wave. It is an abstraction and gives identity to the field.

Four Dimensionality- Rogers defines four dimensionality as a nonlinear domain without spatial or
temporal attributes. The term four dimensionality provides for an infinite domain without limit. It best
expresses the idea of a unitary whole.
II. Enumerate and define the metaparadigm of Nursing according to Martha
Person is defined as an open system in continuous process with the open system that is the environment
(integrality).
Environment is defined as "an irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and
manifesting characteristics different from those of the parts". Each environmental field is specific to its
given human field. Both change continuously and creatively with time.
Health is the characteristics and behavior coming from the mutual, simultaneous interaction of the human
and environmental fields. The multiple events occurring during the life process show how a person is
achieving his or her maximum health potential. Health and illness are part of the same continuum and can
vary from greatest health to those incompatible with the maintaining life process.
Nursing- It is the study of human and environmental change.

III. DISCUSS
Principle of Integrality- Because of the inseparability of human beings and their environment, sequential
changes in the life processes are continuous revisions occurring from the interactions between human
beings and their environment. Between the two entities, there is a constant mutual interaction and mutual
change whereby simultaneous molding is taking place at the same time.
Principle of Resonancy - It speaks to the nature of the change occurring between human and
environmental fields. The life process in human beings is a symphony of rhythmical vibrations oscillating
at various frequencies. It identifies the human field and the environmental field by wave patterns
manifesting continuous change from longer waves of a lower frequency to shorter waves of higher
frequency.
Principle of Helicy - The human-environment field is a dynamic, open system in which change is
continuous due to the constant interchange between the human and environment. This change is also
innovative. Because of constant interchange, an open system is never the same at any two moments;
rather, it is continually new or different
Principle of Reciprocity - Postulates the inseparability of man and environment and predicts that
sequential changes in the life process are continuous, probabilistic revisions occurring out of the
interactions between man and environment.
Principle of Synchrony - This principle predicts that change in human behavior will be determined by
the simultaneous interaction of the actual state of the human field and the environmental field’s actual
state at any given point in space-time.