TOPIC 5

TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

BY: PN. NUR ASHIKIN BINTI LAKMAN

 LEARNING OUTCOMES
5.1 Explain the principle of telecommunication
5.2 Explain the telephone installation
5.3 Explain master antenna television (MATV) for
large building

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 Principle of Types of Signals Transmission Mode Telephone
Telecommunication Installation

PABX MATV

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 Telecommunications is long-
distance communication by technological
means, in particular using electrical
signals or electromagnetic waves.

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 INFORMATION • The original source that generate the
SOURCE information (audio, text, image or video) that
need to be transferred to Receiver.
• The information that have been generated
by source could be an analog form (human
voice, audio) or digital form (binary coded
numbers, alphanumeric codes).
• Examples: people, computer, hand
phone, electronic devices.
COMMUNICATION TRANSMITTER • A collection of one or more electronic devices
SYSTEM MODEL or circuits that converts the original
source information to a form more suitable
for transmission over a particular
transmission medium.

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 TRANSMISSION • Transmission Medium or Channel is a
MEDIUM / media/link/path that capable to transfer the
CHANNEL electronic signal from Transmitter to receiver.
• Examples: twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber
optic cable, waveguide, free space, etc.
RECEIVER • A collection of one or more electronic devices or
circuits that accept the transmitted signals from
the transmission medium and then convert back
COMMUNICATION to their original information form.

SYSTEM MODEL DESTINATION • Anything that receive the transmitted

information and capable to store them.
• Examples: people, computer, hand phone,
electronic devices.
SYSTEM NOISE • Noise is any unwanted electrical signals that
interfere with the information signal.
• Examples: atmospheric noise, thermal noise,
man-made noise, internal noise etc.

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OFFICE NETWORK

• This setup is usually for offices

and other business setups.
• Switcher - allows to add more
computers to the network setup.

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There are two (2) main types of
signals:

Analog signals are suited for

audio and video transmission.

Digital signals are suited for

computing and digital electronics.

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Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC)

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Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC)

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TRANSMISSION MODE
The term transmission mode defines the direction of the flow of
information between two communication devices.

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 Unlike other services such as water,
gas and electricity, telephones
cannot be connected to a common
mains supply.

UNDERGROUND
AND OVERHEAD The external supply service and
TELEPHONE connection to the lead-in socket.

CABLES

Each telephone requires a pair of

wires connecting it to the telephone
exchange.

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Electrical Riser
• It is a specially allocated space for electrical
wiring to 'rise' up a building in an orderly,
organised and safe way mostly in a vertical
fashion.
• Vertical risers are typically designed to
distribute building services, such as water
and electricity, throughout all the floors in
the building.
• Vertical risers that supply lateral distribution
to individual floors are also installed in these
vertical ducts.

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 Electrical Riser
• For a 10-storey building and above, the size of
riser >> 100mm x 40mm
• For a 4-storey building to 10 floors, the size
of riser >> 75mm x 40mm
• Position of the distribution box can be divided to
the left or right depending on the position of the
floor.

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 • PABX (Private Automatic Branch
Exchange) is an automatic
telephone switching system
used by organizations.
• PABX is a type of
telephone system
that connects multiple landlines
on one internal network.

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Advantages of PABX
1. No operators required - don’t need
humans working the switchboard at all
times
2. Lower costs than traditional phone
systems - don’t need individual numbers
for every employee.

3. Improved customer experience - phone

system can automatically route your
callers to the right place using an auto-
attendant or IVR.

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Disadvantages of PABX
1. Requires a good, stable internet
connection to work, which may be a
problem in certain regions.
2. Company-owned maintenance -
company is in charge of fixing it.
3. …
4. …

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MATV
• MATV stands for Master Antenna
Television.
• It is a method of providing a television
signal that can be used for commercial
properties with multiple tenants such
as:
✓Hotels and Motels;
✓Aged Care Facilities and Hostels;
✓Hospitals and Health Care Facilities;
✓Schools and Higher Education
Facilities.

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MATV
• An MATV system is basically a network
of cables and specially
designed components that process and
amplify TV and FM signals,
distribute them one central location.
• Without an MATV system, any
premises that require multiple
TVs would need to install and
maintain an antenna or satellite dish
per TV.
• The TV reception would also suffer,
because multiple antennas would
interfere with each other, causing signal
issues.

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MATV
• MATV systems are separated into two parts, the ‘Head End’
and the ‘Distribution System’.
• The Head End of a MATV system usually consists of an
antenna which receives broadcast signals, processing
equipment to filter the signals and a distribution amplifier to
amplify the signals to compensate for distribution losses.
• The MATV Distribution System which is the network of cables
that delivers the signal, it must be well designed to guarantee
a good signal at every TV receiver connected to the system.
Splitters and taps are used in the distribution system to
provide a predetermined signal level.

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 A Ground Floor Layout of Building Services

ELEC - ?

MATV - ?

TEL - ?

Note: The ELEC, MATV and TEL riser rooms are

all part of the electrical risers. All these systems
are part of the electrical services in a building
system.

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