Module 1 - Basic Concepts of Nursing Pharmacology
Pharmacology (Lecture)
BS Nursing | Sec6 | Prof. Toni Notario II | 1st Sem
- from Canvas PPT
COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
Drug
- A substance which has a physiological effect
when ingested or otherwise introduced into the
body
Pharmacology
- The study of the biological effects of chemicals
on living organisms.
Pharmacokinetics
- The process of drug movement to achieve
drug action. The four processes that complete
pharmacokinetics include; ADME - absorption,
distribution, metabolism and excretion.
Pharmacotherapeutics
- Also known as clinical pharmacology is the
science which deals with use of drugs in
treatment, prevention and diagnosis of diseases.
Drug Classifications
- Various categorization of drugs which include
classification of drugs according to;
A. Body Systems
B. Regulation of substance abuse
C. Therapeutic use
D. Physiologic or Chemical Actions
Mechanism of Action
- This explains how the drug provides a
therapeutic effect including the effects that
happen when the drug combines with cellular
drug receptors.
Therapeutic Indication
- The disease/s to be treated by the given
medicine and the individuals for which it is
intended
Contraindication
- The conditions and circumstances which the
drug is undesirable to use and caution must be
given.
Amihan, Ashley Mae A.
Side Effects
- Are secondary effects of drugs which may be
predictable resulting in either desirable or
undesirable effects. This reaction may be
different from one patient to another.
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
- Are drug effects which are unintentional and/or
unexpected after administration of drugs in
normal dosage.
Drug toxicity
- Occurs when drug exceeds the therapeutic drug
level which may be caused by improper
prescription and administration and/or due to
genetics, age, disease process including
co-morbidities.
Nursing responsibilities
- The use of the nursing process in drug
administration using appropriate ADPIE.
PHASES OF CLINICAL TRIAL
Companies, orgs and individuals who wish to
introduce new medications in any country should
undergo clinical trials under the supervision,
monitoring, review and approval of a regulatory
commission of the country where it is to be used.
Phase 1.A : Preclinical Testing
1. Laboratory tests
2. Research protocol
3. Animal Testing
Phase 2.B : Clinical Research
1. Dose Finding - Assessment of drug/therapy
2. Proof of Concept - Testing of effects
3. Comparative Efficacy
Phase 3.C : Final Data Analysis
- Biostatical analysis - Determine results
Phase 4.D : Follow Up
- (1) Shown to be safe and effective, (2) approved
by medical authorities, (3) continuing testing.
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Module 1 - Basic Concepts of Nursing Pharmacology
Pharmacology (Lecture)
BS Nursing | Sec6 | Prof. Toni Notario II | 1st Sem

DRUG REGULATION PREGNANCY CATEGORY

FDA’s main function:
To promote the right to health of the Filipino Category Description
people and to establish and maintain an effective health
products regulatory system responsive to the country’s Category A No risk to fetus in the
health needs and problems first trimester of
pregnancy, and no
Other functions:
evidence of risk in late
1. Establishes safety or efficacy standards and trimester (multivitamins)
quality measures for food, drugs and cosmetics.
2. Analyzes and inspects health products. Category B Animal studies have not
3. Helps the public get the accurate, demonstrated a risk to the
science-based info needed to use medicines to fetus but there are no
adequate studies in
improve health
pregnant human
4. Helps to speed innovations that make medicines (antibiotics such as
more effective, safer and affordable. Amoxicillin & Penicillin)
5. Issues certificate of compliance, cease and
desist orders Category C “ The benefits from the
6. Conducts, supervises, monitors and audits use of drug in pregnant
women maybe acceptable
research studies on health and safety issues of
despite its potential risks
health products (Fluoroquinolone,
7. Prescribes standards, guidelines and Gentamicin & Aspirin)
regulations with aspects to info, advertisement
& marketing. Category D There is evidence of
human fetal risk, but the
potential risk from the use
DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS of drug in pregnant
women may be
Classifications Examples acceptable despite its
potential risks
According to Body CNS, Cardiovascular, (Tetracyclines,
Systems Respiratory,Kidney Drugs Chemotherapy drugs,
ACE inhibitors)
“ Therapeutic Use Antacids, Antibiotics,
Antihypertensive, Category X Teratogenic. Evidence of
diuretics or laxatives fetal harm is established.
May cause congenital
“ Chemical and Anticholinergics, disease or death of the
Physiologic actions Beta-adrenergic blockers, fetus. (Contraceptive
Calcium channel drugs)
blockers, Cholinergics

Amihan, Ashley Mae A.

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Module 1 - Basic Concepts of Nursing Pharmacology
Pharmacology (Lecture)
BS Nursing | Sec6 | Prof. Toni Notario II | 1st Sem

SUBSTANCE ABUSE CATEGORY

Category Description

Class I. Drugs or substances that have a high

(S1) potential for abuse; no currently
accepted medical use and have a lack
of accepted safety for use under
medical supervision. (heroin,
marijuana)

Class II Drugs or substances that have a high

(S2) potential for abuse; currently have an
accepted medical use in treatment but
with severe restrictions; abuse may
lead to severe psychological or physical
dependence. (narcotics, amphetamines,
barbiturates). purchaser must be at least
18 years old, and all transactions must
be recorded by the dispensing
pharmacist

Class 3 Drugs or substances that have a

(S3) potential for abuse less than Schedule I
or II; currently have an accepted
medical use; abuse may lead to
moderate or low physical and high
psychological dependence. (some
sedatives, anti-anxiety and non-narcotic
analgesics)

Class IV Drugs or substances that have a low

(S4) potential for abuse relative to those
listed in Schedule III; currently have an
accepted medical use; abuse may lead
to limited physical or psychological
dependence on those in schedule III.

Class V Drugs or substances that have a low

(S5) potential for abuse relative to
Schedule IV; may not need prescription
by a doctor (Over-the-Counter drugs).

Amihan, Ashley Mae A.

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