1
7.0 LINEAR PROGRAMMING c He managed to sell not less than 50 bundles of
A Skill I : To form inequalities that describe the
constraints of a situation
1. Write inequalities in terms of x and y for each of the
following statements:
a. y is more than x
b. y is less than x
c. y is not less than x
d. y is at least k times of x
e. y is not more x
f. y is at most m times x
g. the total of x and y is not more than k
h. the total of x and y is at least k
i. the smallest possible value of y is x
j. the biggest possible value for y is x
k. the smallest value of y is 10 but it must be less than x
l. y is bigger than 1½ x but it must be at most 2x
m. x exceeds two time y a value of 10 or less.
n. y exceeds three times of x a value of 5 or more.
O the rato of x to y is k or more.
2. Write inequalities that satisfy the conditions given.
Explain the symbols used.
a. A metal frame in the shape of rectangle is constructed
such that its perimeter is not more than 40 cm
b. A private school wishes to take in teachers who are
graduates and college-trained with the condition that
the sum of the teachers employed must be less than 25.
c. A boutique sells shirts of brands X and Y which cost
RM15 and RM20 each respectively In order not to be
running at a lost, the total sales per day must not be less
than RM 200
d. Ali mempunyai RM 20 and dia membeli epal and oren
di pasar tani. Harga sebiji epal ialah 50 sen and harga
sebiji oren ialah 60 sen.
7.1 Linear programming model
1 Cake A needs 150g flour and 90g butter to prepare.
Cake B needs 210g flour and 120g butter. Amy wishes
to make x cake A and y cake B. Write inequalities-
inequalities in terms of x and y that satisfy the following
conditions:
i. She has 3 kg flour
ii. She has 3.3 kg butter
iii. The number of cake A made exceeded twice of cake B
2 A hawker sells one bundle of choy sum at RM1 and 1
bundle of kangkong at 80 cents. Every day he sells x
bundles of choy sum and y bundles of kangkong. Write
down inequalities that satisfy the following conditions.
a. He managed to sell not less than 20 bundles of choy
sum per day
b He managed to sell not less than 15 bundles of
kangkong per day
(7 F5)LINEAR PROGRAMMING
vegetables per day.
d He managed to obtain not more than RM60 per day.
3 Kee Seng wishes to buy several reference books dan
workbook with not more than RM50. A reference book
costs RM10 while a workbook costs RM5. If Kee Seng
bought x reference books and y workbooks, write down
three inequalities for the above problems.
4 A bus can accommodate x adults and y children. The
bus must have at least 20 adults and not more than 45
people. The number of adults must be more than three
times that of children. Write down three inequalities
that satisfy the above conditions.
If the fares for an adult and a child are RM10 and RM5
respectively, find the total collection for the bus.
B
97
6
R
(4,4)
1 2
Diagram shows the shaded region R in a Cartesian plane.
a. Given y  0 is one of the inequalities defined by R, state
three more inequalities that satisfy the shaded region.
[3]
b. Given that x dan y are integers. State the number of
set of solutions for (x,y) that satisfy the shaded region.
98a y
5
(4,3)
0 x
−3
Write down two inequalities other than x ≥ 0 that
satisfy the shaded region. [2]
b. A college wishes to take in x and y students to follow a
course in engineering and architecture respectively.
Write down three inequalities that satisfy the conditions
below:
(i) The number of students that follow a course in
architecture must be at least 30 students
(ii) the number of architecture students must be two times
more than that of the engineering students
(iii) The maximum total number of students for both courses
is 100 students.
99 Diagram below shows an opened feasible region R
1
 2

a. State three linear inequalities that defined the shaded

region. [3] 7.2 To solve linear programming problem through
b. If the maximum value for 3x + 2y is 22, determine the graphical method:
maximum value for x in region R [2] Step 1: Interpret the problem and form inequalities
Step 2: Construct and shade the feasible region
Step 3: Determine the optimal value (maximum or
y x (4,8) minimum value) of a certain function known as the
objective function.
6
97. Mr Lim planned to plant orchids and roses in a piece of
land of area 300 m2 with allocation of RM4000 to buy
2
the young plants. An orchid plant costs RM8 and it
needs a growing space of 0.2m2. A rose plant costs
0 4 x
RM2 and it needs a growing space of 0.3 m2 . The
number of rose trees planted must exceed the number
2000 Diagram shows two shaded regions ABC dan CDE.
of orchids by at least 200 trees. Mr Lim planted y rose
(a) State three inequalities that defined the region CDE [3]
plants and x orchids.
(b) Given that z = 5x + 4y for (x , y) in the region ABC and
a. Write three inequalities, other than x  0 that satisfy all
region CDE. Find the value of z if this z is maximum in
the conditions mentioned above.
region ABC but it is minimum in region CDE. [3]
y
b. Using a scale of 2 cm to 100 trees on the x-axis and 2
cm to 200 trees on the y- axis, construct and shade the
D(0,6)
region R in which every point satisfies all the conditions.
E(4,3)
c. Use your graph from (b), answer the following
questions:
C
(i) If the cost to buy the young plants is maximum, find the
area required to plant the minimum number of trees.
(ii) After a certain period, an orchid plant and a rose plant
O A(3,0) B(4,0) x
each yields a profit of RM 3.50 and RM 2.40
respectively . Find the maximum profit obtained by Mr
2001 y
Lim. [5]
B C
98Q1 Mak Limah made two types of cake. Cake A
Q requires 120 g margarine and 300 g flour. Cake B
requires 240 g margarine and 200g flour. Mak Limah
R only has 8.4 kg margarine and 12 kg flour for making x
A(−1,0) O D(4,0) x cake A and y cake B. The number of cake A made by
Mak Limah is not more than three times cake B.
Diagram above shows a parallelogram ABCD. Region
Q is surrounded by straight lines BC, BD and CD, while a Write three inequalities, other than x  0 and y ≥ 0 that
region R is surrounded by straights AB, BD and AD. satisfy all the conditions mentioned above. [2]
Given that one of the inequalities that defined region Q
is y  2. State b Using the scale of 2 cm to 10 unit on x-axis and 2 cm to
a. two inequalities that defined region other than y  2, 5 unit on y-axis, construct and shade the region R in
[2] which every point satisfies all the conditions.
b. two inequalities that defined region R other than y  0
[2] c Use your graph from (b), answer the following
c. the maximum value of x in region ABCD [1] questions:
(i) If Mak Limah made 10 more cake B than cake A, what
is maximum number of cake A and cake B to be made
by Mak Limah?
(ii) What is the maximum profit obtained by Mak Limah if
the profits for selling a cake A and a cake B are RM5
and RM7 respectively? [5]

(7 F5)LINEAR PROGRAMMING 2

99Q1.A shop bought school uniform and sport shirts from a
factory, each at a price of RM10 and RM 6 respectively .
The number of school uniform must be at least twice
that of the sport shirts. The shop only has a capital of
RM8000. The shop intends to sell the school uniform
and the sport shirt each at a price of RM15 and RM10
respectively and that the total profits obtained must not
be less than RM2000.
Given that the shop sells x unit of school uniform and y
unit of sport shirts.
a. Write three inequalities, other than x  0 and y ≥ 0 that
satisfy all the conditions mentioned above. [2]
b Using the scale of 2 cm to 100 unit on both axes,
construct and shade the region R in which every point
satisfies all the conditions.
c Use your graph from (b), find
(i) the maximum number of school uniform that must be
sold.
(ii) the range of possible total profits obtained if the shop
sells 150 unit of sport shirts.
00Q1 Given that x and y are respectively the number of
pupils in Form I and Form IV that are to be chosen to
study in a fully residential secondary school.
The conditions for selection are as follows:
(i) The number of Form IV students exceeds the number
of Form I pupils at most by 200 pupils
(ii) The number of Form IV pupils must be at least 2/3 of
that of the number of Form I pupils
(iii) x + y  500
a. State two inequalities other than x  0 and y  0.that
satisfy the conditions in (i) and (ii) above [2]
b. Using the scale of 2 cm to 50 unit on both axes,
construct and shade the region R in which every point
satisfies all the conditions above. [3]
c. Base on your graph, answer the following questions:
If the month fees on a Form I and Form IV pupil is RM
30 and RM 40 each, find
(i) the maximum total collection obtained by the school.
(ii) The possible maximum total collection if the school can
only take in 300 Form IV pupils. [5]
**01Q1
Clothes Preparation Time Sewing Time
(minutes) (minutes)
Shirt 45 50
Long pants 30 70
(7 F5)LINEAR PROGRAMMING
3
A tailor is being paid to sew shirts and long pants. The
preparation time and sewing time for a shirt and a long
pants are shown in the table above.
The maximum preparation time is 10 hours while the
sewing time ia at least 5 hours and 50 minutes. The ratio
of the shirt sewn to that of the long pants sewn is not
more than 4 : 5. In a given time frame, the tailor can
readily sew x shirts and y long pants.
a. State three inequalities other than x  0 and y  0.that
satisfy the conditions above [3]
b. Using the scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x – axis and 2
cm to 2 unit on the y-axis, construct and shade the
region R in which every point satisfies all the conditions
above. [3]
c Base on the your graph, find
(i) the minimum number of long pants sewn in the given
time frame if 3 shirts are readily sewn
(ii) the maximum profit obtained in that given time if the
profits for a shirt and a long pants are respectively
RM16 and RM10 each. [4]
02Q1 A factory wishes to recruit new workers for the
positions of supervisors and operators. A total amount
of RM32 000 is prepared as monthly salaries for the
workers. A supervisor and an operator are paid a
monthly sarlary of RM600 and RM400 respectively.
The number of operators must exceed the number of
supervisors by 10 persons or more. The number of
supervisors must be at least 10% of that of the number
of operators. Given that x represents the number of
supervisors and that y represents the number of
operators.
a) Write down three inequalities, other than x≥0 and y≥0,
which satisfy the above constraints. [2]
b) using a scale of 2 cm to 5 persons on the x- axis and 2
cm to 10 persons on the y-axis, construct and shade
the region R that satisfies all the above conditions.
[3]
c) Base on your graph, answer the following questions.
i) Find the maximum total number of workers that can be
employed by the factory if the number of supervisors is
10% that of the number of operators.
ii) The factory will pay over-time of RM8 per hour to an
operator and RM16 per hour to a supervisor.
Calculate the maximum allowance for over-time per
hour that need to be paid by the factory. [5]
3

03Q1. Yahya has an allocation of RM225 to buy x kg of
prawns and y kg of fish. The total mass of the
commodities is not less than 15 kg. The mass of
prawns is at most three times that of fish. The price of
1 kg of prawns is RM9 and the price of 1 kg of fish is
RM5.
(a) Write down three inequalities, other than x≥0 and y ≥
0, that satisfy all of the above conditions. [3]
(b) Hence, using a scale of 2 cm to 5 kg for both axes,
construct and shade the region R that satisfies all the
above conditions. [4]
(c) If Yahya buys 10 kg of fish, what is the maximum
amount of money that could remain from his
allocation? [3]
04Q1 A district education office intends to organize a
course on the teaching of Mathematics and Science in
English. The course will be attended by x Mathematics
participants and y Science participants. The selection
of participants is based on the following constraints:
I : The total number of participants is at least 40.
II : The number of Science participants is at most
twice that of Mathematics.
III: The maximum allocation for the course
isRM7200. The expenditure for a Mathematics
participant is RM120 and for a science
participant is RM80.
(a) Write down three inequalities, other than x≥0 and
y ≥ 0, which satisfy the above constraints. [3]
(b) Hence, by using a scale of 2 cm to 10 participants
on both axes, construct and shade the region R
which satisfies all the above constraints. [3]
(c) Using your graph from (b), find
(i) the maximum and minimum number of
Mathematics participants when the number of
Science participants is 10
(ii) the minimum cost to run the course. [4]
05Q1 An institution offers two computer courses, P and
Q. The number of participants for course P is x and
for course Q is y. The enrolment of the participants is
based on the following constraints:
I : The total number of participants is not more than
100
II : The number of participants for course Q is not
more than 4 times the number of participants for
course P.
III : The number of participants for course Q must
exceed the number of participants for course P by
at least 5.
(7 F5)LINEAR PROGRAMMING
4
(a) Write down three inequalities, other than x≥0 and y≥0,
which satisfy all the above constraints. [3]
(b) By using a scale of 2 cm to 10 participants on both
axes, construct and shade the region R that satisfies
all the above constraints. [3]
(c) By using your graph from (b), find
(i) the range of the number of participants for course
Q if the number of participants for course P is 30,
(ii) the maximum total fees per month that can be
collected if the fees per month for courses P and
Q are RM50 and RM60 respectively. [4]
*06Q1A workshop produces two types of rack, P and Q.
The production of each type of rack involves two
processes, making and painting.
Table 4 shows the time taken to make and paint a rack
of type P and a rack of type Q.
Time taken (minutes)
Rack Making Painting
P 60 30
Q 20 40
TABLE 4
The workshop produces x racks of type P and y racks
of type Q per day. The production of racks per day is
based on the following constraints:
I :The maximum total time for making both racks is 720
minutes.
II :The total time for painting both racks is at least 360
minutes.
III : The ratio of the number of racks of type P to the
number of racks of type Q is at least 1 : 3.
(a) Write three inequalities, other than x≥0 and y≥0, which
satisfy all of the above constraints. [3]
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 2 racks on both axes,
construct and shade the region R which satisfies all of
the above constraints. [3]
(c) By using your graph from 14(b), find
(i) the minimum number of racks of type Q if 7 racks of
type P are produced per day,
(ii) the maximum total profit per day if the profit from one
rack of type P is RM24 and from one rack of type Q is
RM32. [4]
4
 5

07Q14.A factory produces two components, P and Q. In a
particular day the factory produced x pieces of
component P and y pieces of component Q. The profit
from the sales of a piece of component P is RM15 and
a piece of component Q is RM12.
The production of the components per day is based on
the following constraints:
I : The total number of components produced is at
most 500.
II : The number of component P produced is not more
that 3 times the number of component Q
III : The minimum total profit for both components is
RM4200
a) Write three inequalities, other than x  0 and y  0 ,
09 14 Johan uses x small tiles and y big tiles for
decoration of his bathroom. The decoration budget
is based on the following constraints:
I : The total number of tiles cannot exceed 100
pieces
II : The number of small tiles cannot exceed three
times the number of big tiles.
III: The number of big tiles cannot exceed the
number of small tiles by more than 30 pieces.
(a) Write three inequalities other than x  0 and y  0
which satisfy all the above constraints. [3]
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 10 tiles on both axes,
construct and shade the region R which satisfies all the
above constraints. [3]

which satisfy all the above constraints. [3]
b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 50 components on both axes,
construct and shade the region R which satisfies all of
the above constraints. [3]
c) Use our graph in 14b), to find
i) the minimum number of pieces of component Q if
the number of pieces of component P produced
on a particular day is 100,
ii) the maximum total profit per day. [4]
(c) Using the graph constructed in 14(b), find
(i) the maximum number of small tiles that can be
used.
(ii) the maximum total cost for the tiles if the cost
of a small tile is RM1.50 and the cost of a big tile is
RM3.00.
[4]

08 Q15
The members of a youth association plan to organize
a picnic.. They agree to rent x buses and y vans. The
rental of a bus is RM800 and the rental of a van is
RM300. The rental of the vehicles for the picnic is
based on the following constraints:

I : The total number of vehicles to be rented is not

more than 8
II: The number of buses is at most twice the number
of vans.
III: The maximum allocation for the rental of the
vehicles is RM4000

a Write three inequalities, other than x  0 and y  0,

which satisfy all the above constraints [3]

b Using a scale of 2 cm to 1 vehicle on both axes,

construct and shade the region R which satisfies all
of the above constraints. [3]

c Use the graph constructed in 15b, to find

(i) the minimum number of vans rented if 3 buses
are rented
(ii) the maximum number of members that can be
accommodated into the rented vehicles if a bus
can accommodate 48 passengers and a van can
accommodate 12 passengers. [4]

(7 F5)LINEAR PROGRAMMING 5