A

Palestine Issu
> Historical Outlook of
the
In 1880s, Palestine
Jews known Issue
lioious persecution n as
Zionists began to
in the British urope, By 1897 they immigrate to Palestine to avOId
agrecd to the were
demanding their own state, and
ZIONISM Zionism foundation of Jewish a
state in
when its founder, became an Palestine.
Theodor Herzl, organized political movement in
congress called for a dJewish convened the First Zionist 189
state in Congress. "The
Palestinc.
.Sykes-Picot Agreement
uhen the Ottoman Empire
lhe 1916 collapsed during World War
Sykes--Picot
hetween them. France agreement, dividing the
1, France and
Britain signed
gained the mandate Empire's Middle Eastern territories
oranted the mandate for Iraq and for Syria and
Palestine. Lebanon, and Britain was
The Balfour Declaration
MANDATE An
Ottoman or German
-

country to run after

World WarI. territory that was handed to another
The 1917 Balfour Declaration
was a
policy drawn up by the British
accepted the need for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. government that
The British Rule
The period of British rule in
Mandate Palestine, which formally began in 1919 when the
was
granted, was marked by controversy and violence.
British
population strongly contested the Jewish settlers' The majority Arab
Arabs resorted to claim on their country, and some
Ihe Jews,
aggressive attacks against Jews, their homes, and their
feeling that the British authorities were businesses.
DEgan form local defense groups, known
to giving them insufficient protection,
their communities. collectively as the Hagannah, to protect
During the 1930s the Hagannah turned into a
ganization, developing military training programs and paramilitary
sourcing arms from Europe.

417
 Publicatiens e l

1 9 5 6 E g

sOt
y p t

nationalized the Suez

n a t i o n a l i z e

itish control. Sinceuez Canal

British Withdrawal
Arab groups and
the became increasingly
Hagannah became incran
F r e n c ha n d

o v e r
the Egyptian-held Ca2atensions Company,
nsions mpan..
were
Strip, ere altakina
taking, the
and Strip
between
Guerrilla violence an
called tOgether Arab and
so in 1939 they Jewissh P activity, Israel, Britain.
which als0\sraelgrowi
g u e r r i l l aa c t i v i t

France joined ng betwwateenerway out

FVp.

difficult for the British to police, a s the Round Table Con fa

Conference, also known
delegations to the St. James No agreement was reached t Six-Day War
1orces to believed o
was Istael and
tensions.
solution to the ongoing the
to tind a
conference, so the British formed their own policy, which was stated in the McDoonald
massing of Arab
to the invade Egypt a
base.
White Paper of 1939. In it the British made concessions
wide ran.
to the Arabs on a Arab
reseStrike against Egypt, Jordan, forces
p o n s . for
of issues, the most important of which
was a restTiction on the free settlement and to a
ceasefire, undeand Svria
on its
bore
agreed inder borders, Israe)
S e i

for those Jews tr

Palestine of Jewish refugees. This seemed
like a death sentence
he parart of the Sinai Peninsula +he dinai
which ISrael June 196T. After launched
to flee Nazi Europe to Palestine. Supporters of the
Arab and Jewish sides
upied territories." West Bank, gained
and the control of the sx dajs, all a
ocC1
international conferences during 1946, but the year ended without any workahi as

solutions to the problem. Caught between Arab and Jewish demands, a cash.
known

Golan Ga1a. Strip.

British government declared its mandate in
Palestine "unworkable"
Yom Kippur War
Heights, collective
strapped in
February 1947 and referred the matter to the United Nations.
1973
Egypt Syria launched a surprise attack
and

wish Day of Atonement, day on which

a
U N Partition Plan - Under the plan the Jews would receive the northern
Jewiating in religious celebrations. they knew theIsrael on Yom
coastal plain, eastern Galilee, and the Negev. The Arabs would get participating
The
he Arakew Israeli Kippur,
section of desert bordering Egypt (the Gaza Strip), the Samarian and
a
Israel
tho ralliedArab and pushed n11shed the invaders back forces made military would the
beyond the 1967significant advancesbe
e f o r e

Judean highlands, and the southern coast. Moves toward Peace

ceasefire lines
The UN proposed a partition plan, which allocated about 44 per cent of the area for
President Anwar Sadat of
an Jewish state, with
Arab state and 56 percent for a
Jerusalerm under international In
078
.
arter
Jimmy Carter of the US
Egypt, Prime Minister
administration. On November 29, 1947 the UN General Assembly voted 33 to 13, with and
President Menachem Begin of
Signed the Canp David
10 abstentions, in favor of the Partition Plan. The Jews agreed with their decision but established a "Framework for Peac
the Middle israel
Accords. The accords
Treaty in
1979. East, toleading the Israel
the Arabs did not, arguing that the plan ignored the rights of the majority of people
living in Palestine. Despite this, Britain withdrew and on May 14, 1948 the Jewish
Peace
Egypt
state of Israel was established. It was recognized by the US, the Soviet Union, and ,Israeli Occupation of Lebanon
other UN members, but not neighboring Arab countries, which refused to accept
In an attempt to curtail cross-border attacks by the PLO based in
Israel as a state. invaded in 1978 and in 1982; they became Lebanon, Israel
the
response to the killing of three isSraell soldiers and
an
occupying force there until 2000. In
Troubles in the Homeland the capture of two
erhollah, a Lebanese lslamic paramilitary group, Israel reinvaded in 2006. others by
One of the first tasks for Israel's new leader, David Ben-Gurion, was to create the
Israeli Defense Force from the Hagannah and other Jewish paramilitary Oslo Accords
organizations. Israel had real and immediate needs to defend itself as, once it was
The Intifada la Palestinian uprising against Israeli nule) ersuaded Israel to join talks.
established, the country was invaded by Egypt, Syria, Transjordan (later Jordan), The Oslo Accords agreed that Israel would withdraw from parts of the West Bank and
Lebanon, and Iraq, beginning the Arab-Israeli War of 1947-49, the first in a series of
Gaza Strip, allowing an interim Palestinian government in those areas. Subsequent
conflicts between Israel and the Arab world. A further threat to security was the
sides hardened. Islamist groups such as
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). peace efforts failed and opinions on both
while Israeli
Hamas and Islamic Jihad gained ground in areas ruled by Palestine,
Formed in 1964 when various Arab guerrilla groups and political factions joined hardliners pushed through a policy of isolating these areas by building a *peace wall
together, the PLO's stated aim was the destruction of Israel through armed struggle.
The PLO sponsored innumerable guerrilla raids on Israeli civilian and military Pakistan-Palestine Relations
targets, giving the organization a worldwide reputation as a terrorist group. In the the bilateral relationship the
between Islamic Repubic ot
1980s, Yasser Arafat, chairman of the PLO since 1969, took on the role of statesman istan-Palestine relations proposal of are
supports the
Pakistan and the State of Palestine. Pakistan fully
and used diplomacy to achieve the group's ends. However, some Palestiniaan Due to Pakistans pro-rar
Palestinian state.
wavered

extremists believed Arafat gave too many concessions to the Israelis during an independent continuously
af OT and Israel
have
Pakistan will
diplomatic talks. Despite intervention by the international community, tensions Sance, bilateral relations between Pakistan Musharraf stated that
Pakistan
President recognized.
between Middle Eastern Arabs and Jews erupted into conflict periodically after Israel oVEr the last few years. Former internationallyakistan and Palestine

P a l e s t i n i a n state
is ane
was established. recogn Israel once a
aid to
Palestine.
Pakistan

Palestine
War (1947-
the 1948
non-edible

uently provides edible and

Pakistan
that
During information
relationship.

1 a very close and cultural Washington

received

949), Israel's diplomatic mission in

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 officors

NOA
Publlcatons
Foreign Policy & Major Challenges
assistance to the Arabs, including rum
Was trying to provide military
battalion would be scnt to
Palestinc fight alongside thm
to
Pakistani
that apparentiy were meant for Sor +LKistan
bought 250,000 rilles in Czechoslovakia the
Also, it became known that Pakistan bought
three planes in Italy for the . Arabs
The Pakistan Air Force participated in the 1967 and
some Israeli.downed
gyptians.
1973 Arab-Israelans

Pakistani pilots flying Jordanian and Syrian planes

whereas in the 1982 battle for Beirut between Israel and the PLO, fifty Danes,
vounteers serving in the PLO wcre taken prisoner by Israel. Pakistani
After the 1973 war, Pakistan and the PLO signed an agreement for training
officers in Pakistani military institutions. Pakistan and the Palestine Liberati
Organization (PLO) had developed close ties. The PLO was irst recognized as the s
legitimate representative of the Palestinians at an 1slamic summit in Lahore
ahore in
February 1974. This was approved six months later at an Arab summit in Rabat.

PLO missions in Karachi and Islamabad (Pakistan's capital since 1960) received fst
diplomatic recognition in 1975. Also in 1975, Pakistan had supported and voted
in
1avor of UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 which had equated Zionism with
racism (the resolution was later revoked with Resolution 4686 but Pakistan voted
against revoking it). During the First Intifada that began in 1987, pro-PLO rallies
were in Pakistan and the government sent the organization food and
held medical
Supplies. After the Palestinian Declaration of Independence on November 15, 198R
Pakistan then recognized the State of Palestine on 16 November 1988 and
had
established full diplomatic relations with it by the end of 1989.
On November 29, 2012, Pakistan voted in favor of UN General
Assembly Resolution
67/19 Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations. During
the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, Pakistan
expressed disappointment over the silence of
international community against this injustice. Pakistan asked the world to
stoD
Israel from this naked and brutal
aggression and termed the Israeli atrocities against
Palestinians in Gaza as "genocide".
Role of Pakistan issue should be:

Proactively contest the case of Palestine in the UN and OIC

Recognition of Israel conditional with establishment of Palestinian state
Extend all moral and diplomatic support