Physical Science

Quarter 2 – Module 14:

The Consequences of the
Postulates of Special Relativity
Theory

CO_Q2_Physical Science SHS

Module 14
Personal Development
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 14: The Consequences of the Postulates of Special Relativity
Theory
First Edition, 2020

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 Physical Science
Quarter 2 – Module 14:
The Consequences of the
Postulates of Special Relativity
Theory
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding
of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the consequences of the postulates of Special Relativity Theory.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.

The module focuses on the consequences of the postulates of Special Relativity

Theory
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define Albert Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory
2. explain the postulates or assumptions of the Special Relativity Theory
3. explain the consequences of the postulates of Special Relativity Theory

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Who is the famous scientist that proposed the Special Relativity Theory?
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Albert Einstein
c. Isaac Newton
d. James Maxwell

2. What is the approximate value of the speed of light?

a. 30,000 km/s
b. 4.0 x 104 km/s
c. 3.0 x 105 km/s
d. 400,000 km/s

3. It is a physical happening with respect to an observer’s perspective.

a. An event
b. An observer
c. A reference
d. A constant velocity

4. A special type of reference frame which means that the observer on it is

at rest and not accelerating.
a. momentum reference frame
b. moving reference frame
c. inertial reference frame
d. non-inertial reference frame

5. A postulate of the Special Relativity Theory where it is assumed

that the laws of Physics are the same everywhere.
a. The Relativity Postulate
b. The Special Postulate
c. The Speed of Light Postulate
d. The Inertial Postulate

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6. A postulate of the Special Relativity Theory where it is assumed
that the value of the speed of light is always the same in a vacuum.
a. The Relativity Postulate
b. The Special Postulate
c. The Speed of Light Postulate
d. The Inertial Postulate

7. This is a concept that states that events happening simultaneously for two
different observers cannot happen.
a. Length contraction
b. Time dilation
c. Relativity of simultaneity
d. Mass-energy equivalence

8. Two observers, one from Earth, and another from a spaceship travelling
at constant speed experience time differently. What do you call this
apparent time difference?
a. time dilation
b. time contraction
c. length dilation
d. length contraction

9. Two observers, one from Earth, and another from a spaceship is travelling
at a constant speed to another cosmic body outside our Solar System.
The two observers have a different perception of how far the distance
to the other planet. What do you call this effect?
a. length dilation
b. length contraction
c. length expansion
d. length assimilation

10. Two observers, one on a plane and one on the ground. The observer
on the ground noted that two lightning struck two trees at the same
time, but the observer on a plane noticed that the two lightning
did not struck at the same time. What do you call this effect?
a. relativity of simultaneity
b. length dilation
c. lime contraction
d. cosmic speed limit

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11. Albert Einstein’s formula that says that every mass has an equal
amount of energy.
a. Law of Conservation of Mass
b. Law of Conservation of Energy
c. Planck-Einstein relation
d. Mass-energy equivalence

12. What is the cosmic speed limit equal to?

a. the speed of light
b. Planck’s Constant
c. 9.81 m/s2
d. 3.0 x 104 km/s

13. The distance of a habitable planet from Earth is 10 light-years. How

would that distance look to an astronaut travelling in space
at a constant?
a. greater than 10 light-years
b. equal to 10 light-years
c. less than 10 light-years
d. equal to zero

14. Why the speed of light is can never be attained?

a. fuels will not burn at this speed
b. it would take an infinite amount of energy
c. no amount of material can handle this speed
d. None of the above

15. If a spaceship hypothetically reached the speed of light, what would

happen to time on that travelling ship?
a. greater than normal time
b. equal to normal time
c. lesser than normal time
d. not moving

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 Lesson The Consequences of the
1 Postulates of
Special Relativity Theory

The Special Relativity Theory was developed by

Albert Einstein in 1905. This theory explains how
time and space are connected for objects travelling
at uniform velocity. Objects moving and
approaching the speed of light, which is commonly
denoted as c, and is approximately 300,000 km/s,
is one of the aspects that concerns Special
Relativity Theory.

What’s In

In the previous modules, we have discussed Newton’s Laws and worked

with different speeds that we experience in our everyday life. In this module, we will
be dealing with far greater speeds. And as we go along the module, we will learn
that as an object approaches the speed of light, strange things start to happen.

Notes to the Teacher

Remind the learners that in this lesson, they are dealing with the
ultimate speed that is known to man – the speed of light. To have
a better understanding of how fast the speed of light really is, tell
them that if the circumference of Earth is 40,000 km, then light
would travel the Earth more than 7 times per second!

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 What’s New

Activity 1.1 The Twin Paradox

Read the story and write a 3 to 5 sentence reaction about it. Write your answer
in a separate piece of paper.

The Twin Paradox

John and Paul are identical twin brothers. Growing up, they have the same sets
of everything. They even have the same clock that ticks at the same time.
John grew up to be an astronaut and Paul grew up to be a scientist. John became
an exceptional astronaut and participated in a space mission that searched
for signals of other habitable planets outside the solar system. John’s space
shuttle reached the edges of the solar system, which is about 4.3 light-years away
from Earth in 5 years and then travelled back to Earth in another 5 years, flying
non-stop at constant velocity. Meanwhile, Paul turned out to be a great physicist
back on Earth.

After 10 years of in space, and about 8.6 light-years in distance travelled, John’s
shuttle finally landed on Earth. The twin’s parents were shocked to find out
that their identical twin is not identical anymore! Paul looked like he aged more
when compared to John. To add to their parent’s disbelief, John and Paul laughed
it off, as if they expected what happened.

Speculate what happened to the identical twins. Is this scenario possible?

John (left) looked younger than Paul (right) after

10 years.

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 What is It

Key Concepts

Relativity of
simultaneity

Cosmic speed
limit Time dilation

Special Relativity
Theory

Mass-energy Length contraction

equivalence

The Special Relativity Theory

Special Relativity Theory is a theory which predicts how events are measured
with various observers who are in motion with respect to an event. An “event”
is just a physical happening, e.g., exploding firecrackers, a passing rocket,
or a flash of light.

What’s so “special” about the Special Relativity Theory? It is because each

observers’ reference frame, or perspective, is a special type of reference frame called
inertial reference frame. This means that the observer is at rest and not
accelerating from the observers’ perspective.

For example:

 Observer A is sitting at a train station. Observer A’s position is an inertial

reference frame because he/she is at rest or does not move from his/her
perspective.
 Observer B is sitting on a train approaching the train station with constant
velocity. Observer B’s position is still an inertial reference frame because
although the train is moving, it is not accelerating, or not gaining or losing
speed.

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 Observer A

Observer B

Moving at a constant
speed

But are they not truly moving? In this case, the answer is yes, because in Special
Relativity Theory, the effect of gravity, the Earth’s rotation, and its revolution
around the sun is neglected.

The Special Relativity Theory has two postulates or assumptions:

1. The Relativity Postulate, where it is assumed that the laws of physics

are the same in all inertial references.
2. The Speed of Light Postulate, where it is assumed that the speed of light
in a vacuum is always the same.

Consequences of The Postulates of Special Relativity Theory

1. Relativity of Simultaneity
The relativity of simultaneity is a concept in Special Relativity Theory which says
that if two events are separated in space or position, it is absolutely impossible
for the two events to occur simultaneously for two observers. Two lightning may
strike the front and back end of a moving train at the same time from an observer
inside the trains’ perspective, but for an observer outside the train, the lightning
strike may not occur at the same time. This concept can be illustrated using one
of Albert Einstein’s famous thought experiments. Imagine a moving train with
a light bulb in the exact middle of its roof. There are two observers observing this
event. Observer A inside the train, and Observer B outside the train.

As Observer A switches on the light, the time it takes for the light from the bulb
to reach both the front and the backdoor is the same, since the speed of light, c,
is constant. If we denote that the light reaching the backdoor as Event 1,
and the light reaching the front door as Event 2, it can be concluded
that the amount of time it took for light to reach Event 1 and 2 is the same, relative
to Observer A inside the train.

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 Backdoor Front
door
Observer A

But as Observer B outside watches the train moves from left to right, the backdoor
of the train is moving away from the light source, and the front door is moving
towards the light source. Therefore, it can be concluded that the time it will take
for the light to reach Event 2 will be shorter than the time it will take to reach
Event 1, relative to Observer B outside the train.

Backdoor C1 C2
Front
door

Observer B

For both observers, there is only a single event happening. For Observer A, Event 1
and 2 are simultaneous, but for Observer B, they are not. This is the principle
of the Relativity of Simultaneity. An event is only simultaneous for an observer,
but not necessarily simultaneous for another observer.

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 2. Time Dilation

Time dilation is the apparent difference in the time interval between two events
as measured by two clocks. Albert Einstein concluded that the faster you move
through space, the slower one moves through time. This concept is best
demonstrated through another thought experiment.

There are two observers, A and B. Observer A is inside a spaceship travelling

at a constant speed through space, while Observer B is at rest on Earth. Observer
A has a “light clock,” which is composed of a ball of light bouncing from a lower
mirror to an upper mirror. For Observer A, the ball of light is moving vertically,
and the time it takes for the ball of light to come from the lower glass to the upper
glass and then back to the lower glass can be referred to as Δt0, or the proper
time.

But from the perspective of Observer B from Earth, since the spaceship is moving
at a constant velocity v, the path travelled by the light is not vertical, but will have
a horizontal component to it. The time interval for the ball of light to travel
from the lower mirror to the upper mirror and back to the lower mirror
from the perspective of Observer B can be denoted as Δt, or the dilated time.

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The relationship between the two time intervals can be computed using the formula

Δt =
√

where Δt = dilated time interval/ time interval from Observer B’s perspective
Δt0 = proper time interval/ time interval from Observer A’s perspective
v = the velocity of the moving object, in this case, the spaceship
c = speed of light at 300,000 km/s

For example, Observer A’s ship is moving constantly at 80% speed of light, or 0.8c.
We can compute how long is 1 year on that spaceship compared to one year
on Earth. Plugging in the values and computing for Δt,

Δt =
√

Δt = 1.67 years
This shows that 1 year on Earth will be an equivalent of 1.67 years
on that spaceship.

3. Length Contraction
Length contraction is the phenomenon in which an observer at rest would observe
a moving object’s length to be shorter than its proper length. In everyday lives,
length contraction, just like time dilation, is negligible.

For this concept, we will use another example. A ship is travelling from Earth
to another planet. We will look at this event again, from the perspective of Observer
A on the ship, and the perspective of Observer B on Earth. The distance between
Earth and the other planet is L0, which we will refer to as the proper length
as observed by Observer B. The Observer B on Earth observes the ship moving
at a constant velocity, v. On the perspective of Observer A on the ship, distance
between Earth and the other planet will be different, and will be denoted as L,
which is the contracted length of the journey, as observed by Observer A.
The relationship between L and L0, is given by the equation:

L = L0 √

where: L = contracted length/length from the perspective of Observer B

L0 = proper length/length from the perspective of Observer A
v = speed of the ship
c= speed of light, )300,000 km/s)

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For example, the proper length of the distance between Earth and the planet is 10
light-years, as observed from Earth, and a ship is moving at a constant velocity
of 80% speed of light, or 0.8c. The contracted length, or the distance from Earth
to the planet, as observed from the ship, can be computed as:

L = 10 light-years √

L = 6 light-years
This shows that for the observer on Earth, the distance between Earth and the
planet is 10 light-years, but it would seem only 6 light-years for the observers
on the ship.

4. Mass-energy Equivalence
One of Albert Einstein’s most famous equation, the mass-energy equivalence,
is the principle which concludes that anything that has a mass also has an equal
amount of energy.

E = mc2

where E = energy
m = mass
c = speed of light
Since the value of c is very large, this equation implies that everything
that has mass, even those at rest, have inherent energies (kinetic energy, chemical
energy, mechanical energy, nuclear energy, etc.) in them. These energies
can be harnessed to do work, such as lighting a bulb, or to run an engine.

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This equation also confirms that the speed of light is the absolute and ultimate
speed because this speed can never be attained or surpassed by any massive
object, for reasons that are fundamental to physics.

5. Cosmic Speed Limit

For centuries, scientists have thought that speed has no limit. But Albert Einstein
showed that in fact that there is a speed limit, and it is the speed of light
in a vacuum. Based on his calculations, as an object travels faster, the more
massive it needs to be. And as objects become more massive, more energy
will be required for it to move faster. Therefore, it will take an infinite amount
of energy for an object to reach the speed of light.

What’s More

Activity 1.2 The Twin Paradox Redux

Re-read the story on Activity 1.1 The Twin Paradox and answer the following
questions in a separate piece of paper.

1. Armed with the knowledge that you have gained from the discussion, explain
why John looked younger than Paul when the twin’s parents saw them after
John’s ship landed back to Earth.

2. Determine how long 1 year is in John’s ship from Paul’s perspective if John’s
ship is constantly flying at 90% speed of light.

3. Paul knew from his studies that the distance from the Earth to the outer
reaches of the Solar System is 4.3 light-years. What is this distance
from John’s perspective?

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Activity 1.3 Special Relativity Theory Crossword Puzzle
On a separate piece of paper, answer the following crossword puzzle about Special
Relativity Theory.
Across
1. No two events happen at the
same time for two observers is
the principle of ________
5. _______ is a special type of
reference where an observer
does not accelerate
Down
2. An observer perceives length differently
while moving at a constant speed due to the
length _______.
3. The scientist who proposed the Special
Relativity Theory
4. Time _____ is the difference in time
experience by an observer moving at a
constant speed.
6. As the mass of an object becomes massive,
the energy needed to move it becomes ______.
7. _____ is equal to the mass multiplied by the
square of the speed of light
8. The fastest speed known to man is equal to
the speed of _______.
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 What I Have Learned

1. Albert Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory predicts how events happen when
it is moving at speeds that approach the speed of light.
2. No two events appear simultaneously from the perspective of different
observers.
3. Time moves slowly for objects that are in motion.
4. Distance appears much shorter for moving objects.
5. Every mass has an equivalent energy, no matter how small it is.
6. As objects move faster, they acquire more mass.
7. The speed of light is the absolute speed.

Activity 1.4 Einstein’s “Hugot” Lines

Based on the previous discussion, relate the consequences of the postulates

of Special Relativity Theory to your personal life by creating a “hugot” line.
You may write it in English or Filipino. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Example:

“Sana kasing bilis na lang ako ng speed of light”

“Bakit?”

“Para tumitigil ang oras kapag kasama kita”

“Boom!”

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1.5 The Time Travelling Student

In this module, we have learned that as we approach the speed of light, time slows
down. If we move at exactly the same as the speed of light, theoretically, time will
stop. This will imply that if we move faster than the speed of light, then time
theoretically can move backward, essentially moving you backward in time! In this
activity, we will create a short personal story with a plot that revolves around time
travel. You may accomplish it by creating an essay, a story board, a comic,
or by an animation. You have the option to write/draw in a piece of paper, or use
electronic devices and gadgets, if available. You may also produce a short video
out of the story you created if you can.
The plot of the story is:

1. You are a student who is not satisfied about what is currently happening
to your life.

2. These problems have occurred due to a decision that you have made when
you were younger.

3. You met a time-travelling scientist named Rick and told you that he has
a ship that can move faster than the speed of light, which theoretically
can move you back into the past.

4. You decided to travel with Rick back to the time when you made the decision
that caused your problems and unhappiness.

5. After changing something in the past, Rick takes you back aboard the ship
again to take you back to the present time.

6. Your story should focus on the unintended consequences and results of your
decision to change the past.

7. If you decide to create a video, the video must not exceed 5 minutes.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is special about Special Relativity Theory?

a. The reference frames are called inertial reference frames
b. The reference frames are called internal reference frames
c. The reference frames are moving or accelerating
d. The speed of light can be obtained
2. What kind of speeds are we dealing with when it comes to Special Relativity
Theory?
a. encountered everyday
b. negligible
c. approaching the speed of light
d. proportional to the mass of an object
3. Why are the effects of Special Relativity Theory not noticeable in the course
of our daily lives?
a. It is just a theory
b. It is only noticeable at speeds that approach the speed of light
c. It contradicts with other laws in Physics
d. It is only noticeable for objects that has an acceleration
4. Which of the following reference frames is NOT an inertial reference frame?
a. A man on a car speeding up on a freeway
b. A woman on the street not moving
c. A man on a train that is moving at constant velocity
d. A woman in a car that is not accelerating
5. Jimmy and Timmy are twins, and both have the same height. Jimmy was
sent on a space mission to circumnavigate the Solar system for 10 years,
flying at a constant speed. After the mission, what difference can be
observed between the twins?
a. Jimmy will look younger
b. Timmy will look younger
c. Jimmy will be taller
d. Timmy will be taller
6. What would be the logical reason for your answer in number 3?
a. Time contraction
b. Time dilation
c. Length contraction
d. Length dilation

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7. At their closest position with one another, Pluto is approximately 4.3 billion
kilometers from Earth. What would this distance be from the perspective
of an astronaut travelling towards Pluto at constant 70% speed of light?
a. 5.07 billion km.
b. 4.30 billion km.
c. 3.07 billion km.
d. 2.30 billion km.
8. A man on a moving train saw two flashes of lightnings strike the front
and back of the train simultaneously. The same event was witnessed
by a woman at a train station. The following are the possible situations that
the woman witnessed EXCEPT
a. only one lightning struck the train
b. the front end of the train was struck by lightning first
c. the back end of the train was struck by lightning first
d. both the front and end of the train was struck simultaneously
9. A spaceship is travelling on space at a constant speed of 75% speed of light.
How long is one year on that spaceship compared to one year on Earth?
a. 0.13 years
b. 1 year
c. 1.51 years
d. 2.13 years
10. What is the reason for your answer in number 9?
a. time moves faster on the ship
b. time on the ship moves the same as time on Earth
c. time moves slower on the ship
d. none of the above
11. What is the reason why time behaves differently on the ship
in number 9?
a. relativity of simultaneity
b. time dilation
c. mass-energy equivalence
d. length contraction
12. Which of the following is NOT an implication of the mass-energy
equivalence?
a. Even the smallest amount of mass has an equivalent energy
b. Energies in objects that have mass can be harvested to do work
c. The speed of light can be attained by massive objects
d. It confirms that the speed of light is the absolute speed

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 13. As an object approaches the speed of light, the time on that object moves
slower and slower. What would happen if that object would theoretically
reach the speed of light?
a. time will stop
b. time will return to normal equal to the time on Earth
c. time will theoretically start to speed up
d. time will theoretically start to reverse
14. And if the ship in number 13 would theoretically surpass the speed
of light what would happen theoretically?
a. time will stop
b. time will return to normal equal to the time on Earth
c. time will theoretically start to speed up
d. time will theoretically start to reverse
15. A ship that travels at speeds that is the same as the speed of light in
a vacuum is impossible to achieve for the following reasons,
EXCEPT:
a. The time on that ship would be faster relative to the time on Earth
b. The size of the ship would be massive
c. Infinite amounts of resources will be needed to build it
d. The total energy coming from our sun is not even enough to power it

Additional Activities

Activity 1.6 Interstellar Film Review

Create a film review of the film “Interstellar,” a 2014 film starring Matthew
McConaughey, Anne Hathaway, and Jessica Chastain, and directed by Christopher
Nolan. The movie is about a team of astronaut-researchers in search for a new
home. Analyze the film’s plot and premise and check if it conforms to Einstein’s
Special Relativity Theory.

Use the table below to check whether the postulates of special relativity theory,
or other concepts discussed in this module are present, mentioned, or observed
in the movie and describe the scenes where these theories were observed.

If the film is not available, ask your teacher for other movies, videos, or stories
that deals with time-travel instead.

Postulates of Special Relativity Present/discussed/mentioned Description of

Theory and other concepts in the movie (YES/NO) the scene
1. Relativity of simultaneity
2. Others

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Rubrics (Story, video presentation, or reaction paper)

Needs
Excellent (4 Merit Achieved (2
Criteria Improvement Score
points) (3 points) points)
(1 point)
Information
is clearly Information
presented is clear
Information Information is
and ordered
is clearly unclear and
Content in such a Order of
presented written in
way that it information
and ordered random order
brings a full does not
picture of clearly show
the material
Main idea is
Main Main idea is
Main somewhat
concept is not applied
concept is applied but
applied but and there is
Application applied and there is a
the seemingly
of concepts supported need for
supporting random
by detailed more
information collection of
information supporting
is general information
information
Ideas are
Ideas are Ideas are
somewhat Little or no
well organized
organized, organization of
organized, and the
and the ideas and the
and the reader can
Organization reader can reader cannot
reader can generally
of ideas somewhat understand
understand understand
understand what the
fully what what the
what the learner is
the learner learner is
learner is getting at
is getting at getting at
getting at
Submitted
Submitted Submitted Submitted
Punctuality after the
on time on time on time
deadline
TOTAL
Highest possible score: (4 x 4)/4 = 4 components
Sample Score Sheet

Criteria Score Adjectival Rating Grade

Content 4 Rating Range Range
Creativity 3 Excellent 3.4 – 4.0 95 - 100
Spelling and
4 Merit 2.6 – 3.3 88 – 94
Grammar
Punctuality 3
Achieved 1.8 – 2.5 81 – 87
TOTAL 14
Needs
1 – 1.7 75 - 80
Improvement
14 points / 4 categories = 3.5
The learner is within the EXCELLENT
range and the teacher may choose a grade
within this range

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 Module 14
CO_Q2_Physical Science SHS 21
What I Know What's New What’s More
1. B (Activity 1.1) (Activity 1.2)
2. C
3. A Answers may vary. Refer to 1. Time moves slowly
4. C rubrics for scoring on John’s ship due
5. A to the effect of time
6. C dilation
7. C 2. 2.3 years
8. A 3. 1.9 light-years
9. B
10. A
11. D
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. D
What’s More What I Have Assessment
(Activity 1.3) Learned 1. A
2. D
Across (Activity 1.4) 3. B
1. Simultaneity 4. A
5. Inertial Answers may vary. Refer to 5. A
rubrics for scoring. 6. B
7. C
Down 8. D
2. Contraction 9. C
3. Einstein 10. B
4. Dilation 11. C
6.Infinite 12. A
7. Energy 13. D
14. D
8. Light
15. A
What I Can Do Additional Activities
(Activity 1.5) (Activity 1.6)
Answers may vary. Refer to rubrics for Answers may vary. Refer to rubrics for scoring.
scoring.
Answer Key
References

Department of Education- Bureau of Secondary Education (2003). Lesson Plans in

Science III(Chemistry).

CHED-PNU. (2006). Teaching Guide in Senior High School-Physical Science.

Commission on Higher Education. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City.
Retrieved from https://lrmds.deped.gov.og/detail/14519 last May 19, 2020

Punzalan, J.M. &Monserat, R.C. (2016). Science in Today’s World for Senior High
School- Physical Science. Sibs Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines.

Padua, A.L., Padolina, M.C.D., Crisostomo, R.M., &Alumaga, M.J.B. (2016).

Physical Science. Vibal Group Inc. G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City

Santiago, K. S., & Silverio, A.A. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science-Physical
Science. Pheonix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.

Religioso, T.F., & Cordero-Navaza, D. (2017). You and the Natural World- Physical
Science. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.

22 CO_Q2_Physical Science SHS

Module 14
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