DPR Anandanagar - 2

REVISED DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF BSUP PROJECT
for
Anandanagar (Wd-59) Jalpara (Wd-59) and Garden Reach-I (Wd-138)
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 ................................................................................................. 3
INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM DEVELOPMENT ........... 3
1.1 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) ...................... 3
1.2 Checklist for Preparation/Appraisal of DPR in Basic Services to The Urban
Poor (BSUP) Project ................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Technical Checklist ........................................................................................... 8
Chapter 2 .............................................................................................. 11
KOLKATA CITY– A BRIEF INTRODUCTION.............................. 12
2.1 Demographic Characteristics .......................................................................... 12
2.2 Economic Characteristics ............................................................................... 13
2.3 Water Supply .................................................................................................. 14
2.4 Solid Waste Management................................................................................ 16
2.5 Sewerage and Sanitation ................................................................................. 17
2.6 SLUMS IN KOLKATA ................................................................................. 19
2.6.1 Definition of a Slum ................................................................................ 19
2.6.2 Classification of Slums ............................................................................ 19
2.6.3 Slum Characteristics ................................................................................ 20
2.7 Kolkata Municipal Corporation .................................................................. 26
Chapter 3 .............................................................................................. 27
THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA ................................................. 27
3.1 Project Area ................................................................................................... 27
3.2 Unique features .............................................................................................. 27
3.3 Criteria for identification of beneficiaries ........................................................ 27
3.4 Details of physical, socio-economic survey carried out ................................... 28
3.5 Convergence with other Govt. Programs i.e. NOAPS, NFBS, NMBS,
Annapurna, Antyodaya Anna Yojana ........................................................................ 28
3.6 Objectives ...................................................................................................... 28
Chapter 4 .............................................................................................. 30
THE PROPOSED PROJECT............................................................. 30
Integrated Housing and Slum Development of Rajarghat-Kacharipara-Hatgachia of
Ward 58 KMC .......................................................................................................... 30
4.1 Housing Infrastructure ................................................................................... 30
4.1.1 Objective ................................................................................................ 30
4.1.2 Identification of Beneficiaries .................................................................. 30
4.1.3 Town Planning Norms ............................................................................ 30
4.1.4 Involvement of Beneficiaries ................................................................... 31
4.1.5 Environment improvement and Open / Green Spaces ........................... 31
4.1.6 Scheme Proposed .................................................................................... 31
4.1.7 Cost estimate........................................................................................... 31
1
4.1.8 Outcome ................................................................................................. 32
4.2 Physical infrastructure .................................................................................... 32
4.2.1 Water Supply .......................................................................................... 32
Proposal .................................................................................................................. 32
4.2.2 Drainage & Sewerage ............................................................................. 32
Proposal .................................................................................................................. 32
Outcome .................................................................................................................. 33
4.2.3 Roads ..................................................................................................... 33
Proposal .................................................................................................................. 33
Outcome .................................................................................................................. 33
4.2.4 Street Light ............................................................................................ 34
Proposal .................................................................................................................. 34
Internal Electrical Works ........................................................................................... 35
Outcome .................................................................................................................. 35
4.2.5 Solid Waste Management ....................................................................... 35
Proposal .................................................................................................................. 35
Outcome .................................................................................................................. 35
4.2.6 Social Infrastructure ............................................................................... 35
Socio-Economic Condition ................................................................................... 35
Education ............................................................................................................. 36
Social Security ....................................................................................................... 36
4.3 Temporary Relocation .................................................................................... 36
Chapter 5 .............................................................................................. 37
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................ 37
5.1 Execution of the Scheme ................................................................................ 37
5.2 Operation & Maintenance .............................................................................. 37
Chapter 6 .............................................................................................. 38
MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT .............................................. 38
Chapter 7 .............................................................................................. 39
RESOURCE MOBILIZATIONS AND BUDGETARY
ALLOCATION .................................................................................... 39
Chapter 8 .............................................................................................. 40
MONITORING MECHANISM ......................................................... 40
Chapter 9 .............................................................................................. 43
REFORMS ........................................................................................... 43
9.1 Mandatory reform Undertaken at the ULB level ............................................. 43
Chapter 10 ............................................................................................. 52
TOTAL PROJECT COST AND PROJECT CONTRIBUTION ..... 52
Annexures .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Socio Economic Survey of the Beneficiaries .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Abstract of Cost Estimate ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Drawings................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2
Chapter 1
INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM
DEVELOPMENT
Access to good housing and basic amenities like safe drinking water, toilets and
sanitation, solid waste management and roads are some of the important factors to lead a
quality life. The poor in the slums may not poor with respect to income needed for
consuming the basic minimum calorie of 2400 kcal per day, but may be poor in term of
access to infrastructure. Several programmes have been going on to provide basic
amenities to the lsum dwellers, but most are individual initiatives addressing only one
sector rather than addressing them in an integrated way.
1.1 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

(JNNURM)
Provision of housing coupled with basic infrastructure thus has been made one of the
main components under the JNNURM programme launched in 2005. One of the main
objectives of JNNURM is urban renewal through increased investments in urban
infrastructure and improved urban governance and institutional structure. That the
government is seriously deliberating over improving the access to basic services for the
urban poor can be gaudged from the launch of the Sub Mission of JNNURM known as
Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP). The main objectives of BSUP are:
 Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor

in the cities covered under the Mission.
 Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor including security of tenure at
affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring
delivery through convergence of other already existing universal services of the
Government for education, health and social security.
 Care will be taken to see that the urban poor are provided housing near their
place of occupation.
 Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that
the Basic Services to the Urban Poor created in the cities, are not only maintained
efficiently but also become self-sustaining over time.
 Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the Basic Services
to the Urban Poor.
 Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on
universal access to urban poor.
Under this Mission share of Central and State/ULB/Parastatal would be 50:50 including
12% of the beneficiary contributrion. Under this Mission housing shall be provided with
beneficiary contribution of 12% and in case of SC/St/OBC/PH it shall be 10%.
3
1.2 Checklist for Preparation/Appraisal of DPR in Basic Services to
The Urban Poor (BSUP) Project
1. Name of the State West Bengal
2. Category of State – whether general or North General

Eastern States (including Sikkim)/J&K
3. Name of the City Kolkata
Status Remarks
(Yes/No)
4. a) Whether City Development Plan (CDP) has Yes

been prepared and forwarded to the Ministry of
Urban Development with a copy to Ministry of
Urban Employment & Poverty Alleviation?
b) Whether the CDP has been appraised and
approved by the Ministry of Urban
Development?
c) Whether copy of the approved CDP has been
endorsed to the Ministry of UEPA or not by
Ministry of Urban Development?
d) Whether aspects of slums and the urban poor
including street vendors have been included as a
separate chapter in the CDP along with the 7
Point Charter (viz., security of tenure at
affordable prices, improved housing, water
supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery of other
already existing universal services of the
government for education, health and social
security)
5. a) Whether MOA for reforms has been signed Yes
with the Ministry of Urban Development?
a) Whether a copy of the signed MOA has been
received in the Ministry of Urban Employment
& Poverty Alleviation or not?
b) Whether signed MOA mentions with asterisk
that two reforms, viz.,
i) Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling & Regulation
Act; and
ii) Amendment of Rent Control Laws balancing
the interest of landlords and tenants are
optional with regard to schemes under BSUP?
6. Whether the State Level Nodal Agency has been Yes
designated?
7. Whether the DPR has been forwarded by the Yes
designated Nodal Agency?
8. Whether State Level Steering Committee (SLSC) Yes
has been constituted?
9. Whether DPR has been recommended by the Yes
SLSC?
4
10. Whether elected Local Body is in place? Yes
11. Total urban population of the city 4,580,544
12. Total slum population of the city 1,490,811
13. Is the DPR in accordance with the CDP? Yes
14. Is DPR an integrated housing & infrastructure Yes
project?
[If not, proper justification]
15. Has the contribution from the beneficiaries been Beneficiry
collected? contribution
shall be
collected as
soon as the
project is
snanctioned.
16. Has the State share been deposited in a separate State share
account? shall be
deposited as
soon as the
project is
snanctioned.
17. Is the DPR for in situ development? Yes
18. Is the DPR for relocation? NA Temporary
relocation
of the
people is
not
envisaged
since the
houses shall
be
contstructed
in the
playground
located near
the slum
settlement.
Til the time
the houses
are
constructed
the
beneficiaries
shall reside
in their
respective
dwellings.
19. In case of relocation, whether all basic amenities NA
have been provided for in the new site in the DPR?
20. Is the new site in proximity to the original NA
site/work-place?
21. In case of in situ, whether provision for basic Yes
5
services has been provided for in the DPR ?
22. Housing Yes
e) Whether density of population norms has been
observed in the DPR with reference to city as
per the byelaws?
c) Whether plotted area, setbacks and coverage of
plot are as per byelaws?
d) Whether maximum FAR utilization has been
considered in the DPR to ensure efficient use of
land?
e) Whether the cost of the dwelling units and
infrastructure has been worked out in terms of
State’s schedule of rates?
f) Whether security of tenure/patta has been
provided to the beneficiaries, as per guidelines,
preferably women?
g) Whether the floor area of dwelling unit is equal
or more than 25 sq mtrs?
h) Whether each dwelling unit comprises two
rooms, kitchen and a toilet?
23. Infrastructure facilities Yes
Whether provisioning for the following has been
made in the DPR:
I. Water supply
II. Sewerage
III. Solid waste disposal
IV. Development of roads/paths/
footpaths/pavements
V. Storm water drains
VI. Street lighting
24. Community facilities Yes
Whether provisioning for the following has been
made in the DPR:
I. Community Centre
II. Community Primary Health Care Centre
III. Primary Education Centre
IV. Parks and open spaces
25. Whether there is provisioning for convergence of Yes
the Central and State Government schemes in the
following sectors in the DPR:-
I. Health
II. Education
III. Social security including accidental and
medical insuranc, old age pension, old age
homes, etc.
26. Whether cost of land has been included in the No
project cost where private land has been acquired?
[Applicable only to the State of J&K, Uttaranchal,
Himachal Pradesh and North Eastern States
including Sikkim]
27. Whether a separate provisioning for upkeep and Yes
6
maintenance of public assets to be created through
this project has been made by the State
Government/ULB/Parastatal?
[This provisioning will not be funded under the
Scheme]
28. Whether DPR is a PPP Project? No
29. Whether the area/beneficiaries covered under DPR No
had previously benefited in any Central/State
Government Scheme?
[If so, details thereof]
30. Is the DPR in accordance with the BSUP Yes
guidelines?
If not, indicate deviations and provide justifications.
31. Any other information relevant to the DPR
Signatures of the Competent Authority in ULB/Parastatal
Name: Alapan Bandyopadhyay, I.A.S.
Designation: Municipal Commissioner

Office Address: 5, S. N. Bnerjee Road, Kolkata – 700 013
Tel No./Fax No. 033-22861034/1234, 033-22861334/1434
E-mail ID: kmc@vsnl.net
Verified & Countersigned by the State Level Nodal Officer
Name:
Designation:
Office Address:
Tel No./Fax No.
7
1.3 Technical Checklist
1 Name of the State West Bengal
2 Name of the City KOLKATA
3 I) Nodal Agency KMDA
ii) Implementing agency Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC)
4 Project Cost (Rs. in lacs) 11,111.92
5 State share (Rs. in lacs)

I) Beneficiary contribution 750.00 Lacs (@ Rs. 30000.00 per family)
Agency (ULB)'s own
ii) 1472.38
funds
iii) Loan from HFI/Banks
iv) State's grant 3333.58
v) MP/MLALAD funds
vi) Any other
6 Central Share (Rs. in Lacs) 5555.96
7 I) Project Duration 18 Months

CLUSTER Work Order Issued
Date of
a) Anandanagar 04.06.2008
ii) commencement /
b) Jalpara 4.03.2008
completion
c) Garden Reach-I 12.02.2008
Name of the bank / account
United Bank of India, New Market Branch/ Acct
8 No. where state share is
No: 0107050310444
deposited.
Date & Amount of deposit Central Share: On 28.06.08--- 634.56
9
(Rs. in lacs) State share : On 28.06.2008.--- 418.806
10 i) No. of DUs - New 2500

Upgradation NIL
Cost of Housing (Rs. in
ii) 5659.72
lacs)
Floor (Carpet) area of a
iii) 25.04 Sq. Mt
DU
Whether there is
iv) provision of Kitchen in Yes
the DU?
Whether there is
v) provision of Toilet in Yes
the DU?
8
Density (DU/acre)
a) Anandanagar 157.02 (Revised)
11 i)
b) Jalpara 256.79
c) Garden Reach-I 281.93
ii) Whether proposed
density adheres to the
Yes
Master Plan of the area?
i) The land use of the

12 proposed site as per the Residential zone
Master Plan
ii) If not residential, then
necessary approvals for
change of land use have
been taken?
Percentage (%)
13 Coverage area
Anandanagar Jalpara Garden Reach-I
> Built-up area of houses 24.79 41.89 44.64
> Roads / Pavements 12.59 15.61 12.41
> Park & Open spaces 39.9 16.05 20.82
> Community facilities 0.64 1.41 4.13
> Any other 22.08 25.04 18.0
Whether statutory approvals
14 from various local bodies
have been taken, such as
> TCPO NA
> Municipality Approved
> Fire Deptt. NA
Pollution Control
> Under approval
Board
Min. of Environment
> NA
etc.
Whether Fire safety measures
15 Not Applicable
have been adopted?
Whether building plans,
16 layout plans, master plans Building Plan, Layout Plan enclosed
etc. are enclosed or not?
Schedule of Rates adopted
17 PWD Schedule of Rate 2007 and corrigendum
(Year)
Provision of Infrastructural
18
facilities
18.A Water Supply
I) Expenditure involved Rs. 2862.54 lacs
ii) Whether municipal
water supply available Yes, Piped filtered water
in vicinity? If no, type
9
of water supply system
proposed?
iii) Whether there is

provision for Rain No
water harvesting?
18.B Drainage & Sewerage
I) Expenditure involved Rs.208.75 lacs
ii) Whether municipal
sewer line available in
vicinity? If no, type of Yes
sewerage system
proposed?
18.C Roads/Pavements
I) Expenditure involved Rs. 68.28 lacs
ii) Whether connectivity
with the main
peripheral road exists or Yes
not? If not, is it
proposed in the DPR.
18.D Parks and Open spaces
I) Expenditure involved Rs. 2862.45 Lacs
18.E Electrification
I) Expenditure involved Rs 300.99 lacs
ii) Whether street lighting
of internal roads / Yes
pavements proposed?
18.F Solid Waste Disposal
I) Expenditure involved Rs. 11.34 Lacs
ii) Distance from Landfill 8 KK to 16 KM
iii) Whether there is Provision made to segregate organic & inorganic
provision for waste waste at collection point. This will help to reduce
recycling and waste volume by composting the organic parts
segregation? through Vermiculture.
19 Other services to be
converged with other Central
/State Programme.
19.A Educational Facilities
Whether proposed Yes (Child & Adult Education & Literacy
I)
within the site Programme)
If not, does it exist in Others (Secondary, Higher Secondary Schools,
ii)
the vicinity College) Yes
If not, is it proposed in
iii)
the vicinity
10
If in the vicinity,
iv)
distance from the site
v) Expenditure involved Rs. 511.25
Methodology adopted
vi) Through beneficiary participation
for convergence
19.B Social Security
Details of social security Detailed mentioned in DPR Chapter
provisions available like "The Proposed Project "
I)
medical insurance,
pension schemes etc.
Expenditure involved,
ii)
itemwise
Methodology adopted
iii)
for convergence
Provision of other civic
19.C NIL
amenities (if any)
Details of Environmental
Detailed mentioned in DPR in Chapter
20 Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assesment
done.
Methodology adopted for Detailed mentioned in DPR in
21.A maintenance of assets thus Chapter " Institutional Setup for
created. Implementation of the Project"
Mechanism for sustainable
21.B
management of services.
Use of Innovative & cost

22.A effective materials and
technology. Details thereof.
Use of earthquake resistant has been considered in structural design as per IS

22.B
technology. Details thereof. code
…………………………………………………………………………………
Signature of the State Level Nodal Officer
Name:
Designation:
Office Address:
Tel No./Fax No.:
11
Chapter 2
KOLKATA CITY– A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
As per 2001 census West Bengal has a urban population of 22.42 million of which 4.11
million or 18.35% are slum population. Of the total slum population within the State of
West Bengal, Kolkata accounts for 35.9% of the slum population. Thus more than one
fourth of the slum population is concentrated within Kolkata indicating the urgent need
to focus on the slums in Kolkata.
2.1 Demographic Characteristics

Kolkata Metropolis or Kolkata Metropolitan Area, with a population of 14.72 million
(2001 census) and a density of 7950 persons per Sq. Km is one of largest urban
conglomerations of the country. It has spread linearly along the banks of river Hooghly
(a distributary of the Ganga). Covering an area of 1,785 sq km that includes three
municipal corporations, 38 municipalities, 72 non-municipal urban areas and 340 rural
villages, KMA is one of the largest urban agglomerations in India.
Table 1 - Constituents of KMA: 2001

Sl. Categories of Area Nos. Area
No. (sq. Km.)
1 Municipal Corporations 3 271.31
2 Municipalities 38 615.49
3 Non Municipal Urban (NMU) / Census 77 200.10
towns
4 Out Growths 16 18.19
5 Rural Area 445 746.32
TOTAL KMA 1851.41
Source: Census of India, 2001, Series 20, West Bengal
The 2001 Census reports a total population of 4,580,544 in Kolkata Municipal

Corporation (KMC) with a slum population of 1,490,811. As can be seen form the Table
that density of the population has declined since 1981 from 31651 persons per sq. km to
24497 persons per sq. km in 2001 due to addition of areas like Behala, Jadavpur and
Garden Reach within KMC area. (From 100 wards to 141 wards).
Table 2 - Growth of Population within KMC Wards, 2001

Population Growth
Municipal (in Lakhs) Area (in sq. km.) Density (per sq.km.)
Rate (%)
Corprn.
1981 1991 2001 1991 2001 1981 1991 2001 1981 1991 2001
Kolkata 32.9 43.9 45.7 6.61 3.9 104.0 187.00 187.0 31,651 23,465 24,497
12
Table 3 - Growth of Population within KMC Wards, 2001
Growth Growth Rate in the Wards
Total Population
Year Rate in
(in lakhs) 1-100 101-141
KMC
1971 31.49 - - -
1981 33.05 10.73 4.96 -
1991 43.99 6.61 2.22 -
2001 45.81 4.11 1.34 23.89
2.2 Economic Characteristics
The total number of ‘main worker in the KMC registered an annual exponential growth
of around 0.5 per cent. The growth rate of main workers in Kolkata is significantly low
compared to that of West Bengal Urban area (1.04 per cent per annum).
The total marginal 1worker in Kolkata registered an abnormally high annual exponential
growth rate of 10.76 per cent during the next decade (male marginal workers and female
marginal workers grew at the rate 10.22 per cent per annum and 12.07 per cent per
annum respectively). In fact the rate of growth of marginal workers in Kolkata is even
greater than that West Bengal urban area estimated at 9.93 per cent per annum. Such a
high growth rate of marginal workers indicates marginalization of the employment opportunities. These
marginals workers are mainly engaged in unorganized sector activities like daily wage jobs, construction
jobs, small shops, vendors, housemaids, drivesr, guards etc and add to the growth of the slum population
within the city.
Table 4 - Occupational Structure of Kolkata and West Bengal Urban Areas

Year 1991 2001
Category West Bengal Kolkata West Bengal Kolkata
Urban Areas Urban Areas
Main Workers Person 5467980 1444968 6948690 1637806
(29.23) (32.84) (30.90) (35.75.)
Male 4967480 1311642 6013142 1413466
(49.34) (53.64) (50.61) (56.4)
Female 500500 133326 935548 (8.82) 224340
(5.79) (6.82) (10.81)
Marginal Person 66755 7335 657067 (2.92) 87381
Workers (0.36) (0.17) (1.91)
Male 30972 5512 411790 (3.47) 58031
(0.31) (0.22) (2.32)
Female 35783 1823 245277 (2.31) 29350
(0.42) (0.09) (1.42)
Figures in parentheses show percentage to total population
1
Defined as a person who has worked for less than 6 months, including even for a single day.
13
2.3 Water Supply
Kolkata water supply system is one of the oldest in the country with a perennial source
of surface water which is Hooghly. Table 7.3 gives zone-wise distribution of Boroughs
and the pumping stations.
Table 5: Source-wise Capacity of Potable Water Generation in KMC.

Source Capacity (MGD) Remarks
1. Palta 260 20 MGD is supplied to Salt Lake.
2. Jorabagan 8
3. Watgaunge 5
4. Garden Reach 91 Total capacity 120 MGD of which
KMC’s share is 91 MGD + 4 MGD for
industrial purpose
5. Tube well 20 Big diameter tube well – 340 no. &

Small diameter tube well – 11000 no.
Source: Water Supply Department KMC, 2007.
Table 6 - Zone-wise Distribution of Boroughs and Pumping Station including

Booster Pumping Stations
Zone Boroughs Pumping Station/ Booster Pumping Station
North 1, 2, 4 Tala, Jorabagan
Central 3, 5, 6, 7(part) Bagmari, Mahammad Ali Park, Park Circus, Raja
Subodh Mallick Square And Auckland Square
West 7(remaining Kalighat, Kasba, Watgaunge
part), 8, 9
South 10 Ranikuthi
Jadavpur 11, 12 Garfa, Bansdroni
S.S. Unit 13, 14 Behala
Garden Reach 15 Garden Reach Water Works
Source: Water Supply Department, KMC, 2007.
In addition to the potable water supply, KMC has an arrangement for supplying raw
water of 80 MGD. This unfiltered water is supplied through street hydrants. The number
of such hydrants is 1000 as per KMC’s Annual Report 2005-06. The distribution network
of water supply of the city consists of individual pipeline connections and public access
system through Stand Posts at different nodal points. The number of domestic pipeline
connection was 2.50 lakh in year 2005-06 and the same for industrial and commercial
purposes in the same year was 24100. In 2005-06, the number of stand posts in the city
was recorded as 17019. According to the latest available information from KMC, total
supply of potable water is 296 MGD (against the capacity of 364 MGD). The difference
between the capacity and supply may be explained in terms of ‘unaccounted for water’
(willful and un-willful loss of water). The average per capita availability of potable water
in the city is thus estimated to be 200 liter per day.
A large section of the city population lives in the slums (As per 2001 census, 32.53 per
cent). The arrangement for supply of water for the slums is distinctly different from the
other part of the city. The slum dwellers generally collect ‘potable water’ from the stand
posts which are not sufficient in numbers. Moreover the supply of water to them is
14
highly limited in terms of time also. Hence the slum dwellers are compelled to use
unfiltered water from the several water bodies and hand pumps. As a whole slum
dwellers are the worst affected section of the society both in terms of quantity and
quality of water supply. Moreover, they are to spend a long time to collect their water,
thus the opportunity cost of water collection for slum dweller obviously is high.
The project prepared by Western International and others for Kolkata Municipal
Corporation estimated in 2001 that total demand for 15 boroughs under KMC in the
year 2006 will be 339.35 MGD. The break-up of domestic, Industrial-Commercial-
Institutional (ICI), other demands and various losses as projected in this report for the
year 2006 are shown in Table-7.
Table 7 - Estimated Demand for Water under KMC in 2006

Nature of Demand Demand for Water (MGD)
Residential 150.76
Domestic Slum 20.80
Total 170.84
Industrial 21.87
Commercial 21.54
Institutional 14.50
ICI Hospital 1.90
Total 59.81
Others 4.77 million@ 5gpcd 23.87
Total 254.52
Considering wastage * Total Demand 339.35
*Assuming 33 per cent loss and wastage.
Source: Western International and others, 2001
However KMC has yet to attain this figure from surface water supply system. It has
adopted various schemes to boost up the supply in the near future.
 KMC has decided to take up two-booster pumping station projects – One of 3.0
MGD capacity as Daspara in ward no. 124 (Added Area) and the other of 2.0
MGD at Siriti Park, Behala in ward no. 116 (Added Area).
 Redressing of bottleneck of bringing water through dedicated main from the
Garden Reach Water Works to some parts of South Kolkata through Majherhat
railway Terminal with the technical collaboration from M/S RITES G.O.I.
 New mega water project by KMC of capacity 30 MGD water treatment Plant at
Dhapa for augmenting water supply to the eastern fringes of Kolkata.
 Assistance for implementing the Phase III of Garden Reach Water Works of
KMW&SA for 60 MGD water treatment plant.
 Extension of transmission and distribution grids.
 Assisting KMW&SA in acquiring land at Gandhi Maidan in Metiabruz for the
installation of a booster pumping station.
 To ensure treated surface water to at least 95 per cent of the households in the
city within five years.
 Reduction on the dependence of ground water supply as far as possible.
15
2.4 Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the most important services provided b y
KMC. SWM involves collection, transportation and disposal of domestic, industrial and
bio-medical waste generated in the city in an environmentally sound manner.
In a vast city like Kolkata, management of solid wastes is a crucial civic issue. In the
jurisdiction of KMC, there are 6 lakh households, 252 markets generating on an average
3000 M.T. of solid waste daily, which amounts to 450 gms/capita per day. Of the total
waste generated 55 per cent comes from the domestic sources and remaining 45 per cent
from commercial sources.
KMC is the only metropolitan city corporation, which has introduced primary collection
at household level by amending the KMC Act. The mazdoors collect solid waste directly
from every household in most places with their handcarts and alert them with their
whistles so that they can put their wastes into the handcarts. The wastes that are collected
from house to house are ultimately put in secondary collection points of municipal vats
or dumper placer containers for onward transmission to the disposal ground.
However, the primary and secondary collection systems have several deficiencies. The
KMC’s Master Plan for Solid Waste Management under the KMC project notes that
sweeping and collection of wastes is not done in the added areas as regularly or efficiently
as it is done in the core city area. As a result the household and market wastes are thrown
on open places or open drains. There are 664 such collection points of which 388 are
open vats and the rest are in the form of bulk containers or direct loading. However, a
large number of municipal vats are without any cover, which is unhygienic, and most of
the vats are in dilapidated conditions needing repair and maintenance. The chain of
activities from primary collection, transfer of wastes and then secondary collection also
results in loss of productivity.
KMC introduced direct loading system in some areas where KMC uses specially designed
handcarts with four containers in each handcart. The mazdoors take the household
wastes directly to the truck waiting for the disposal. This not only saves time but also
restricts pollution from the solid wastes. Very recently KMC introduced mechanical
sweeping system in a few pockets. But there is not any elaborate system of segregation of
wastes in recyclable and non-recyclable parts at the primary collection point.
Collected garbage is transported by means of trucks and containers. Mnual handling is

the common way of loading and unloading though pay loaders are also used for loading
and tipping. Dumper placer operates the containers.
About 55 per cent of the total collected waste is transported by private agency. For
transporting the wastes to the dumping ground, KMC uses 25 per cent (65 trucks)
departmental vehicles and 75 per cent (195 trucks) contractual vehicles. The details for
waste collection and transportation fleet are given in Table 7.6.
Table 8 - Details for Waste Collection and Transportation Fleet

Sl. Type of vehicle/ loading No. of vehicle Capacity (M.T.) No. of years in
No equipment service
1 Open Body Truck 195 6 M.T. Starts from
2 Tipper Truck 109 6 M.T. 1978 to 2003.
3 Tractor Trailer 10 2.5 M.T. Almost in every
4 Dumper Placer 73 2 M.T. 4 M.T. year 10 –15
16
5 Refuse collector 4 2.5 M.T. nos. are
6 Tri-Cycle 200 purchased
7 Pay Loader 11 against
8 G. I. Handcart 6000 condemn of
9 Carcass Vehicle 7 said nos.
10 Mechanical Sweeper 1
11 Street Washing Vehicle
Source: Department of SWM I, KMC.
The waste is disposed through crude dumping and landfilling at Dhapa and Garden
Reach. The former is in operation since 1863. Here, out of 2100 acres of land, only 400
acres are left for use. The rest have already been filled up. At the present rate of
utilization it can sustain only 30-40 years of waste dumping which seems to be a matter
of great concern. Apart from these, a number of low-lying areas in Tollygaunge, Behala,
and Jadavpur etc. are also being used for dumping of wastes. The city requires 75 acres
of land per year for this purpose.
Table 9 - Details for Waste Collection and Transportation Fleet

Sl. Type of vehicle/ loading No. of vehicle Capacity (M.T.) No. of years in
No equipment service
1 Open Body Truck 195 6 M.T. Starts from
2 Tipper Truck 109 6 M.T. 1978 to 2003.
3 Tractor Trailer 10 2.5 M.T. Almost in every
4 Dumper Placer 73 2 M.T. 4 M.T. year 10 –15
5 Refuse collector 4 2.5 M.T. nos. are
6 Tri-Cycle 200 purchased
7 Pay Loader 11 against
8 G. I. Handcart 6000 condemn of
9 Carcass Vehicle 7 said nos.
10 Mechanical Sweeper 1
11 Street Washing Vehicle
Source: Department of SWM I, KMC.
2.5 Sewerage and Sanitation

The sewerage system of Kolkata is one of the oldest in India (140 years ago the system
was constructed in British era). In Kolkata 55 per cent of the area is covered by the
sewerage system and part of the remaining portion is covered by ‘Septic Tank’ system. In
Some places the existing storm water drains are used to carry sewage as well. The system
has adequate conveyance capacity during weather flow but do not have enough capacity
to handle storm flow. The City has a total of 1390 km of sewers, of which 1207 km is
pipe sewer and 180 km is brick sewer (as per the record of KMC/KMWSA in 1992)
Around 88 km of the sewer line is made up of bricks and are man entry sewers, with 42
inch diameter (BIIDL 2006).
Kolkata being a mega city has only 60 per cent of its area under the underground
sewerage system. In addition to this, nearly 10 per cent of total area under KMC is not
yet covered by ‘drainage system’. The following table shows the status of drainage system
in Kolkata in a brief.
17
Table 10 - Brief Status of Drainage System in Kolkata
No. of drainage Percentage of area covered by Percentage of area
pumping station Under ground Surface drainage not covered by any
in Kolkata drainage system system form of drainage
system
23 60 per cent 30 per cent 10 per cent
Source: KMC, 2007
Table 11 provides a summary of the catchments area of the individual system to cover
the area under ward 7 to ward 100.
Table 11 - Summary of the Catchments Area of the Individual System under ward
7 to ward 100.
Sl. Name of the Area Covered Name of Area Capacity
No. System Pumping of of
Station Basin Pumping
(sq, Station
km) (cfs)
1 Town System Central part of the city PBPS 19.13 1720
2 Subarban Southern part of the BDPS 25.69 1275
System city
3 Maniktala Eastern part of the DLPS 8.91 480
System city.
4(a) Topsia Basin E.M.Bypass on the Topsia PS 2.48 221
east, Park circus
Connector on the
south and circular
canal on the north and
Eastern Railway line
on the west
4(b) Chingrighata Chingrighata 0.89 100
PS
4© Pagaldanga Pagaldanga PS 0.68 69
4(d) Kuila Tangra Kuila Tangra 0.90 34
PS
4(e) China town To SWF 0.22
Basin Channel from
PBPS
5(a) Tolly’s Nallah To Tolly’s 4.00
Basin Nallah
5(b) Panchannagra Chowbhaga PS 32.00 1450
m Basin
6. Bagjola basin Bagjola PS 6.07
Note: PBPS- Palmer Bridge Pumping Station, BDPS- Ballygunge Drainage Pumping
Station, DLPS- Dhapa Lock Gate Pumping Station
Source: KMC, 2007
However, there is no sewage treatment plant. The raw sewage is stabilized in an aerobic
way in the East Kolkata basin where fish cultivation is done. But, these outfall channels
are gradually dying down because of excessive human habitation and unlimited
construction activity. The whole 55 to 60 per cent area of the city that are covered by
18
underground sewerage system comes under the core city area. The remaining uncovered
40 percent are falling in the added area of the city.
2.6 SLUMS IN KOLKATA

Slums are the direct manifestations of the growing poor people within the city. An old
city without any slum is inconceivable, particularly in the developing countries. It is a
universal fact that, with growth of cities slums also mushroom. The difference only lies in
the extent of their proliferation and in the level of deficiencies in civic services.
2.6.1 Definition of a Slum
As per the Calcutta Municipal Act of 1951, the Bustee is defined as “an area of land
occupied by or for the purpose of any collection of huts, standing on a plot of land not
less than 10 cottahs in area (approximately one sixth of an acre). Hut means any building,
no substantial part of which including the walls up to a height of 18 inches from floor
level and is constructed of masonry, reinforced concrete, steel, iron or other metal”.
The Slum Areas (Improvement & Clearance) Act of 1956 defines slum “as a cluster of
hutments comprising several rooms, constructed with temporary building
materials, where each room is inhabited by a family sharing a common latrine
and having no arrangements for water supply, drainage or the disposal of solid
waste and garbage within the cluster boundaries”.
According to the Thika Tenancy Act, 1981, the bustees are legalized entities having a
three-tier tenancy system – (i) the absentee landowner (ii) the Thika Tenant, who has
taken lease of the land from the landowner and (iii) the Bharatia or the tenant, who has
taken the huts on rent. The right of the Thika tenants as well as the tenants or hutment
dwellers is well protected by law. They can neither be evicted nor can the rents be raised
under normal circumstances. The landowner has little interest in the land, as he cannot
terminate the lease to his advantage. Consequently none of the groups in the three-tier
system are interested in any investment for improvement, either for quality of structure
or for environmental condition of the bustees, which, as a natural outcome, have gone
from bad to worse in course of time.
2.6.2 Classification of Slums

The slums in Kolkata can be broadly classified into two different categories
(i) Authorised - those that are officially authorised are called bustees.
(ii) Unauthorised Slums - large number of squatter settlements, which are not
authorised. These squatter settlements have grown up by the side of canals, large
drains, garbage dumps, railway tracks and roads. The living conditions of the people
living in these shanties are the worst. They do not have proper access to any basic
amenities such as sanitation or water.
Authorised Slums
 The first kind of slums existed during the British period when middlemen took land
from the landowners usually for a long term and built hut type settlements which
19
they let out to migrants. As mentioned earlier these migrants needed a place to live
and had no alternative but to accept accommodation without basic amenities.
 There is another type of slum called “thika tenant slums” where the slum dwellers
have taken possession at a fixed rent and have constructed their houses.
 A third type of slums is those constructed by zaminders (landowners) themselves and
let out to the slum dwellers. These types of slums are locally called bustees.
 The fourth type of slums is Refugee Resettlement Colonies (locally called udbastu
colonies) where land has been leased out for 99 years to the refugees from present-
day Bangladesh by the government at nominal prices.
Unauthorised Slums
Among the unauthorised slums types are those which are simply encroachments on the
roadside (locally called jhupri), canals (called khaldhar), or any vacant place (called udbastu)
by the poor people either displaced from the city itself or retrenched from their work
place.
2.6.3 Slum Characteristics

Population, Growth and Density
The influx of population after the partition in 1947 led to the growth of several slums
and refugee colonies in the city. In the subsequent years also, the excessive population
growth has created the shortage of housing, which ultimately resulted into the rise of
more slums. In 1981, 30.3 per cent of the city population lived in the slums. According
to 2001 Census, the city’s slum population is 14.9 lakh which accounts for 32.55 per cent
of the total population of the city.
Another survey conducted by the KMC in 2002 reports that 15.24 lakhs slum people live
in 5072 registered slums in 141 wards in KMC. In Table 12 we see that Kolkata has the
second highest percentage of slum population among the four metropolises.
Table 12 - Slum Population in KMC

Year Total Slum Percentage of No of No. of
Population (in Slum registered Unregistered
Lakh) Population Slums Slums
2001 14.9 32.53 5072 35002
1991 6.26 14.333
1981 9.9 30.3
Source: Census of India, 2001
These slums cover 24.28 sq. km. area or almost 13 per cent of the whole city area. In
addition, a large number of people are living in the unauthorized slums. According to
KMDA estimate, there were about 55000 pavement dwellers in the city in early 1990s.
2 KUNDU , 2003
3 THE SUDDEN DECLINE IN THE PERCENTAGE OF SLUM POPULATION IN 1991 CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE ADDITION OF NEW WARDS WITHIN THE KMC
AREA AND HENCE HAS TO BE ANALYSED CAREFULLY .
20
Table 13 - Total Population and Slum Population in Four Metropolises – 2001
Municipal Total Slum % of Slum % of No. of
Corporation Population Population Population Slum Slums,
(in lakh) (in lakh) Area Slum
Clusters
Chennai 42.16 7.47 17.72
Delhi 98.17 18.55 18.89
Kolkata 45.80 14.90 32.53 13 (24.28 5072
Sq Km)
Mumbai 119.14 58.23 48.87
Source: Census of India, 2001
The major cause of the growth of slums in Kolkata is migration. Different ethnic groups
migrated to Kolkata at different time periods. They included not only people from the
neighbouring states like Bihar, Orissa and Assam but also from the distant states like
Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Kerala and others. Even a large number of Chinese,
Nepalese and other groups have been accommodated in the city. These ethnic groups
mainly came to the city in search of jobs. The first massive migration took place in
Kolkata in the beginning of 1905 due to the partitioning of Bengal province. The second
wave of migration occurred after the partition in 1947. More than 2.5 lakh new
immigrants arrived in 1947, the number increased to almost six lakh in 1948. Table 14
illustrates the trend in the migration in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration during the last 90
years.
From Table 14 we can observe that though the total number of migrants was highest in
2001 but their share in the total population was highest in 1951. We can see that in 1951
and 1961 more than half of city’s populations were outsiders. Since 1971 the percentage
of migrants had been steadily declining till 1991. Though in 2001 the percentage has
increased the new arrivals have mainly settled beyond the KMC boundary. While the
population growth rate of KMC area was less than four per cent, KMA experienced
more than 19 per cent population growth between 1991 and 2001.
Table 14 - Migrant Flow in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration

Year Migrants (in Lakh) % of Migrants to Total Population
1921 8.85 45.9
1931 8.97 40.8
1941 14.07 42.3
1951 27.48 56.2
1961 34.39 52.9
1971 35.89 45.1
1981 30.04 31.3
1991 26.18 23.98
2001 37.36 28.27
Source: 1) Calcutta’s Urban Future, 1991, 2) Census of India, 1991 & 2001
Note: Migration figure is available for the city upto 1961. Since 1971 the migration figure
pertains to urban agglomeration
Population density in the slums is extremely high averaging around 19 people per katha
(2,812 people per ha). There is an acute shortage of space often with one room being
rented to one family with the veranda being rented to another. In most of the slums
recognised by the KMC, slum dwellers pay land tax and have secured tenancy or
ownership rights.
21
Spatial Variations
Spatial Variations in slum population is an important indiactor of the concentration of
the lsum population as well as important tool for a targeted approach towards provision
of basic services.the data reveals that more than 60- 70% of the slums are located within
borough 3,15 and 7. These areas are the old areas providing economic opportunities for
the lsum people. One important aspect of the slum concentration is as we go towards the
fringe areas of the city the concentration is declining.
Figure – 1 Borougwise Map of KMC showing % of Slum Population
Table 15 - Slum Population in Kolkata 2001

Borough Total Borough Borough Slum % of the Slum Concentration
Population 2001 Population 2001 Population to the Total of Slum
Borough Population Population
I 325649 152679 46.9 10.2
II 236767 64503 27.2 4.3
III l 341876 212047 62.0 14.2
IV 278255 78551 28.2 5.3
V 262353 54681 20.8 3.7
VI 313638 55227 17.6 3.7
VII 426292 300206 70.4 20.1
VIII 375729 152820 40.7 10.3
IX 364354 161483 44.3 10.8
X 406935 65351 16.1 4.4
XI 201040 0 0.0 0.0
XII 222145 2616 1.2 0.2
XIII 247093 12476 5.0 0.8
XIV 296044 4888 1.7 0.3
XV 274706 173283 63.1 11.6
Total 4572876 1490811 32.6 100
Source: Census of India 2001 for Slum Population
22
Table 16 - Borough Wise Details of Slum Clusters in KMC
BR No Total % in KMC Total % in Total % in KMC No. of % in No of No. of slum % in KMC
Bustee Area Total Dwellers KMC Hutment Total families KMC Families clusters Total Slum
(sq m) Bustee (No) Total (No) Hutment Total /Hutment Clusters
in'000 Area Dewellers families
I 2162.72 6.98 119701 7.14 10815 6.85 30610 8.05 2.83 104 6.91
II 2382.58 7.69 208545 12.45 13591 8.61 43011 11.31 3.16 81 5.39
III 5011.41 16.17 326495 19.49 24427 15.48 69573 18.3 2.85 82 5.46
IV 824.95 2.66 60197 3.59 4156 2.63 13853 3.64 3.33 74 4.92
V 1271.15 4.1 50431 3.01 6984 4.42 15605 4.1 2.23 66 4.39
VI 2185.27 7.06 89790 5.36 10229 6.48 23329 6.14 2.28 115 7.65
VII 2716.49 8.77 153427 9.16 15696 9.94 35395 9.31 2.26 178 11.84
VIII 5025.09 16.22 173096 10.33 18736 11.87 41656 10.96 2.22 210 13.97
IX 3256.61 10.51 141924 8.47 16330 10.35 29957 7.88 1.83 119 7.92
X 1618.41 5.22 84247 5.03 9069 5.75 16982 4.47 1.87 84 5.59
XI 729.72 2.36 28651 1.71 3568 2.26 8389 2.2 2.35 49 3.26
XII 979.9 3.16 44100 2.63 5927 3.76 11004 2.89 1.86 82 5.46
XIII 533.34 1.72 29924 1.79 3887 2.46 7933 2.09 2.04 80 5.32
XIV 663.24 2.14 51494 3.07 7397 4.68 10695 2.81 1.44 86 5.72
XV 1612.18 5.2 113454 6.77 6996 4.43 22146 5.83 3.16 93 6.19
Total 30973.06 1675476 157808 380138 2.35 1503
Source: KMC Survey 2002
Age and Location of Slums

The slums of Kolkata can be divided into groups, the older slums located in the heart of
the city, some as old as 150 years, and the more recent slums mostly located in the
outskirts of the city. Most of the slums are located in residential areas within the city.
Few slums exist on the western side of the bypass while there are slums on the eastern
and north-western side of the bypass which are located on raised land that was previously
low-lying wetlands (Bheri region). This area is still surrounded by vast water bodies into
which sewage flows from the city. The remaining land is utilised for vegetable and flower
cultivation, while fish cultivation occurs in the water bodies. Many slums developed
along the canals (Jagarani, Netainagar, Sri-Haripally) and wetlands (Chit Kalikapur).
Along with these many slums have come up around the garbage dump in Dhapa.
Economic Characteristics
Majority of the slum dwellers are engaged in the informal sector, with average monthly
earnings of between Rs 500 and Rs 1700 and a household size of five to six persons,
some three-quarters of the Kolkata slum population are below the poverty line.
The sample survey of KMA carried out during 1997 showed that the proportion of
urban poor in total population was around 19% by income criterion. However if urban
poverty is looked at as a composite index covering various factors including access to
basic infrastructure and services, the percentage of urban poor in total population will be
higher than the same by income criteria. Even though all slum dwellers may not be
categorized as “income – poor”, but slum dwellers do lack the basic infrastructure
facilities and services. As the developmental interventions strive to be “inclusive’ in
23
nature, urban poor does merit priority treatment in design of such developmental
activities. The slum people work in a wide range of occupations such as:
 Servicing the urban middle classes
 Working in small business
 Handicraft production units
 Manual labourers
The self employed men are among the better off section of the slums, with manual
labourers such as rickshaw pullers and construction labourers being the lowest paid. The
higher income groups tend to be factory workers whose wages are low but income is
regular and secure. On the basis of the socio economic survey conducted in the year
1996 – 97 it is estimated that about 19% of the population in KMA area may be termed
as the urban poor. The number of urban poor in KMA area has however gone down as
the overall urban poverty in Urban West Bengal has fallen to 15% in 1999-2000 from
23% in 1993 – 94, as per the 55th Round NSSO Survey.
Tenancy and Ownership

With respect to tenancy and ownership slums in Kolkata may be divided into three
categories. (I) Those which developed on vacant or government land.These people have
no legal documents (pattas) and have uncertain legal rights to the land they occupy. Some
are covered by CMC amenities while others are not. This includes Narayan Pally,
Netaginagar and Jagarani. (ii) Small plots of land bought from a single landowner by the
local residents, on which “hutments” were raised, land tax is paid and dwellers have legal
ownership and are entitled to amenities such as potable water and electricity. This
includes mainly the newly developed slums. (iii) Land owned by large landowners leased
out to middlemen who raised “hutments” and collected rents. The middlemen gradually
became the direct landowners paying tax to the CMC and collecting house rent. These
pockets were later covered under the Thika Tenancy Act (1981) of the Government of
West Bengal, protecting the residents from eviction. The residents pay land tax and can
sublet rooms. These slums mainly have a high proportion of floating and seasonally
migrating tenants.
Housing Characteristics
Predominant structure types in the slum areas are pukka, semi-pukka and kutcha (crude
or imperfect). The percentages of these structural types in Kolkata are pucca (85.1 per
cent), semi-pucca (12.8 per cent), and kuccha (2.1 per cent). There are houses with roofs
made of tiles and asbestos which have floors which are kutcha or pukka both. The
census also reveals that:
 90 per cent of these slum dwellers have one room per family.
 Usually each slum consists of 9 ““hutments”” and each “hutment” consists of 5 huts.
In the CMA, there are at least 225,000 huts, where one room is shared by at least
13.4 people (on average)
 Most of these bustees were developed by thika tenants during the process of
industrialisation.
Access to Basic Amenities

A survey of the slum population was conducted by KMC to capture data regarding the
population, BPL population, acces to basic amenities like sanitary latrines, water
connections, drains, roads, street lights.The Table 17 gives the data regarding access of
the slum people to various amenities.
24
Table 17 - Physical Amenities in Slum Clusters of KMC
Latrine
of road
Drains
source
Types
Water
No of Street Lights
Borough No
No. of slum
clusters
Stand posts
Unsewered
Unsewered
Total road
tube wells
total Spot
Dugwells
Kachcha
Sanitary
sources
kachch
Others
length
Hand
paccc
water
roads
latrin
l (m)
l (m)
l (m)
l(m)
(no)
(no)
(no)
(no)
(no)
(m)
I 81 1541 51696.2 614 51082 7427 3073 773 512 4358 19887.1 1051
II 82 1572 28384.8 262 28122.8 9927 2671 253 266 3190 14312.5 1612
III 74 4283 106295 5669 100626 16328 11689 743 589 13021 44144.7 3618
IV 66 608 28986 0 28986 3036 2432 893 1448 4773 3462.6 0
V 115 1780 32730.8 344 32386.8 4817 1393 156 90 1639 15319 326
VI 178 2673 86447.7 290 86157.7 7326 3511 349 367 4227 16001 802
VII 210 6062 213857.3 18218 195639.3 9906 5571 741 554 6866 19581.7 2858.5
VIII 119 1874 56105.5 78 56027.5 12521 5697 798 919 7414 21165.5 2178
IX 84 1668 69771 293 69478 10966 5095 609 1128 6832 13842.1 1343
X 49 1812 44382.7 2103 42279.7 6408 3045 261 766 4072 5311 60
XI 82 1816 85018.2 5321 79697.2 2502 862 268 527 1657 6481 598
XII 80 3392 160754.6 16767 143987.6 3268 1136 188 194 1518 13999.5 696.5
XIII 86 357 49486 3091 46395 2201 1126 84 117 1327 6364.5 429
XIV 93 431 61763.1 18915 42848.1 2716 1001 114 136 1251 7148.3 166
XV 1503 0 48746 9037 39709 4187 1431 435 164 2030 4195 285
KMC Total 29869 1124424.9 81002 1043422.7 103536 49733 6665 7777 64175 211215.5 16023
Source- KMC Survey 2002
Access to Social Amenties
Table 18 - Borough - wise Social Indicators in Slum Clusters of KMC
Total Education % in KMC Total Average distance from Average spot
Average area/
Borough No Institutions Educational nearest education inst. water sources
family in sq m
(No) Institution (Km) /100 families
I 33 7.13 1.11 70.65 7.63

II 44 9.5 0.85 55.39 4.07
III 65 14.04 1.03 72.03 18.16
IV 19 4.1 1.2 59.55 6.36
V 21 4.53 1.57 81.45 0
VI 35 7.56 1.06 93.67 0.23
VII 54 11.66 1.16 76.74 7.2
VIII 57 12.31 1.06 120.63 0.59
IX 48 10.37 1.06 108.7 0.33
X 34 7.34 1.03 95.3 7.84
XI 7 1.51 1.03 86.99 21.18
XII 12 2.59 1.03 89.05 21.53
XIII 8 1.72 1.03 67.23 3.9
XIV 7 1.51 1.04 62.01 5.51
XV 19 4.1 1 72.79 2.58
25
2.7 Kolkata Municipal Corporation
The Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act 1980 came into force on January 1984. It
extended the boundaries of Calcutta by including the Municipalities of South Suburban,
Garden Reach and Jadavpur within Calcutta. The number of wards of the Corporation
was raised from 100 to 141.The provisions relating to Bustees were modified. A major
amendment was introduced in 1984 to remove certain procedural difficulties in the
matters of assessment and valuation of lands and buildings, recovery of taxes etc. Most
significant was the introduction of "Mayor-in-Council", with all the attributes of the
Cabinet form of government. This was a unique step in the area of Municipal
administration in India.
The objective of the new Act was to make the Corporation more efficient and effective.
The change in the Municipal Authority ensured that there would be three authorities:
1) The Corporation
2) The Mayor-in-Council, and
3) The Mayor.
The number of members of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation was to be 141 which
elected Councillors from the 141 wards. The Corporation as the apex body discharges its
function through the Mayor-in-Council, consisting of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor and 10
other elected members of the CMC. The Mayor and the Chairman would be elected by
the members who would hold office for 5 years.
The Corporation would group the wards of the Corporation into Boroughs. Each
Borough should have a Committee consisting of the Councillors elected from the
respective wards of the Borough. The Councillors would elect one of them as the
chairperson of the said Borough. The Borough Committees should be subject to the
general supervision of the Mayor-in-Council, and look after functions such as water
supply, drainage, collection and removal of solid waste, disinfection and health
immunisation, bustee services, lighting, repairs of certain categories of roads,
maintenance of parks, drains and gullies.
The Act of 1980 thus formed the framework of the modern Corporation with the
Municipal Commissioner as the Principal Executive Officer subject to the control and
supervision of the Mayor as the Chief Executive Officer. He is assisted by a group of
Senior Civil Officers comprising Joint Municipal Commissioners, Deputy Municipal
Commissioners, Chief Engineers, Controller of Municipal Finance and Accounts, Chief
Municipal Auditor and Municipal Secretary.
The 74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992 makes provision for appropriate and
adequate representation of all elements of society. The Amendment provided
reservation of seats for the scheduled castes and tribes and for women. By the same
Amendment, the State Legislatures would endow the CMC with the power to draw up
plans for economic development and social justice. It was given the responsibility to
plan for economic development and for improvement, upgradation and promotion of
the social, cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects of life for the citizens of the
City. Subsequent to the renaming of the city in 2001, the Corporation is now known
as the Kolkata Municipal Corporation.
26
Chapter 3
THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA
3.1 Project Area
As seen in Figure 1, Borough VII has more than 70% of the population living in the
slums. Present project areas of Anandanagar and Jalpara slums are falling in Ward 59
and 58 respectively in this Borough VII with 99.7 percent slum dweller as shown in
the Census Data 2001 (Annexure I). The Garden Reach-I is situated in Ward 138 of
Borough XV having borough slum density of 63.1 %- third highest of the city..
Most of the dwellers of Anandanagar and Jalpara and Garden Reach-I are from
SC/ST/OBC and other weaker sections and are below poverty line. This is a unique
scheme of rehousing of project where people below poverty line are being provided with
safe, dignified and long term settlement dovetailing GoI, GoWB, KMC funds with
beneficiaries' contribution. (The Map showing project area is given in Annexure)
Under KMC’s Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I housing program, 2500
numbers of dwellers will be provided dwelling units as per guideline under the scheme.
3.2 Unique features

1. Dovetailing project funds, govt. funds & beneficiaries’ contribution to ensure a
far better residence to project affected people.
2. Facilitating and providing land holding support through NGOs to the project
affected people for forming user groups for Self-Help groups for O & M for the
residential complex & the basic civic services.
3. Title of the flat given in the name of the women head of the family.
4. Facilitating behaviour change among the beneficiaries for ensuring healthy

community life, hygienic practices and cleanliness.
3.3 Criteria for identification of beneficiaries

The project area is having four clusters, which are identified by the following process.
- Community meeting along with Councilors.

- Door to door census
- Photo taken of the head of the family
- Preparation and distribution of photo identity cards after signature of the
beneficiaries.
27
3.4 Details of physical, socio-economic survey carried out
All of them are peri- urban settlements with rural characteristics, heterogeneous populations
and the poor living in single bamboo mat rooms with tiled roofed. The Anandanagar and
Jalpara settlement is on the service land of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation or vacant
factory land. The Garden Reach-I slum dwellers lost their factory jobs and were evicted from
their factory land and now settled in a scattered manner along the street side shanties, river
bank slums etc. The Kolkata Municipal Corporation aquired a portion of the vacated land at
250, Garden Reach Road and prepared this scheme for rehousing of the evicted slum dwellers.
Earlier a plot having an area of 6.73 Acres of land acquired under the Urban Land Ceiling Act
with a portion occupied by the slum dwellers was identified for accommodating the proposed
Housing for the Anandanagar Cluster. After sanctioniong of the project by the Central
Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee under the JnNURM on 9th January 2008 initiative was
taken to start the work at site. But demand was raised by the local people to reserve a portion
of the land for a big play ground out of the said 6.73 acres of land. To mitigate the problem,
another plot of land (Anandangar- II), situated nearby within the same Ward 59 and having an
area of 2145.45 sq. mt. (0.53 Acre) has been purchased by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation
to accommodate a portion of the dweling units out of the 1140 dwelling units sanctioned for
the Anandanagar.
Most of the dwellers of the Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I are now rickshaw
pullers, pavement hawkers, porters, cart pullers or ragpickers or daily or unskilled labourers
engaged on workers of building sites, roads, or any kind of unskilled local work.
The dwellers, most of them ragpickers, collect materials from the nearby waste disposal site of
the KMC and the hawkers with very little capital selling plastic items or a variety of low end
products for the poor and lower middle class local markets or on the pavements of Kolkata.
Very few are venders and rickshaw pullers.
Majority of the women of the slums are ragpickers or domestic helpers in the city. Their
monthly family income is below Rs.2 000.00, with a family size of minimum 5 members, and
maximum 10 members. 91% are ragpickers and rest 9% hawkers, venders, rickshaw pullers etc.
(Details of socio economic surveys carried out in the slum is given in Annexure)
3.5 Convergence with other Govt. Programs i.e. NOAPS, NFBS,

NMBS, Annapurna, Antyodaya Anna Yojana
One of the project objectives is convergence with other government programs. When
this Project will be on progress, convergence with other government schemes will be
done.
3.6 Objectives
The Project will ensure that those losing structures, livelihoods, and other resources are
assisted in improving or at least regaining their former level of living at almost no cost to
them. To achieve this goal, the Project will:
(i) To provide good housing at affordable cost with access to basic amenities like
safe drinking water, sanitation, toilets, and solid waste management.
28
(ii) To provide security of tenancy.
(iii) To provide assistance for in-situ rehabilitation of the slum dwellers that generally
improves or at least restores the social and economic base of the slum people.
(iv) Provide convergence with other Govt programs like NOAPS, NFBS, NMBS,
Annapurna, and Antyodaya Anna Yojana.
(v) To improve the overall socio economic conditions of the slum dwellers.
The apartments will be provided with such conveniences as water and electricity
connections. The design of apartments has been done to keep preferences of the slum
dwellers in view. This is reflected in locating the toilets in balconies, outside the
apartment.
These flats come with legal titles for occupants, turning informal dwellers on government
lands to legal owners of well-built apartments. The legal titles will be in the name of
women, and thus the Project will help promote the empowerment of women. The
allotment of units will be on 99-year non-saleable lease in the name of the female head of
the family and her male counterpart/kin as nominee.
29
Chapter 4
THE PROPOSED PROJECT
Integrated Housing and Slum Development of Anandanagar
(Ward 59), Jalpara (ward 58) and Garden Reach-I (Ward 138)
of KMC
For the housing the slum dwellers of Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I it is
proposed to construct two rooms flat with attached toilet and kitchen and running water
facilities in the locations as detailed below. Each block will be four-storied RCC frame
structure containing multiple tenaments. Estimated cost of each flat was earlier Rs 1.55
lacs (approx) excluding infrastructural cost but after the eprice escalation immediate after
the sanction of the project by the CS&MC the estimated cost of each Dwelling Unit is Rs
2.26 Lacs (Rupees two lacs twenty six thousand only). The beneficiaries will contributes
Rs 30000.00 (Rupees thirty thousand only) of the building cost, GOI 50%, 30% will be
borne by State Govt. and the balance to be borne by the ULB.
Sl Location No of % of No of
No. Beneficiaries Economically Units
Weaker Sections
1. Anandanagar (I & II) 5700 100 1140
2 Jalpara 5200 100 1040
3 Garden Reach-I 1600 100 320
Total 12500 dwellers 100 2500
4.1 Housing Infrastructure
4.1.1 Objective
The objective of housing scheme is primarily to provide shelter for people living in the
slum area of Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I. Most of these are living
below the poverty line. The objective is also to provide the slum dwellers with a better
housing facility with basic infrastructures and enabling urban environment, to help them
to come out of their poverty level. To this end, there is need to dovetail HOUSING
SCHEME with other schemes to ensure that shelter delivery, environment improvement
and income up-gradation for the urban poor are synergized.
4.1.2 Identification of Beneficiaries

Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) has identified the beneficiaries through census
surveys and intensive consultation with the councillors. List of beneficiaries is being
prepared. The beneficiaries, so selected, have agreed to contribute their share.
4.1.3 Town Planning Norms

The program for construction of new houses will be taken after approval of the lay out
by KMC. However, minimum acceptable standards of Town Planning are being
30
followed. The title or tenure rights will be given duly keeping in view town planning
norms and layout rules.
4.1.4 Involvement of Beneficiaries

The beneficiaries may be engaged as worker in the construction of the houses and the
facilities. This will generate employment facilities to the Anandanagar, Jalpara and
Garden Reach-I.
4.1.5 Environment improvement and Open / Green Spaces

Plantation of trees in the entire habitation or around the individual house should be
taken up simultaneously. Trees may be planted near the housing clusters so that, in due
course, enough trees are available nearby. Such plantations can be taken up under the
social forestry programme.
4.1.6 Scheme Proposed

For the Rehousing of the Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I Slum it is
proposed to construct two rooms flat with attached toilet, kitchen and running water
facilities in the locations as detailed below.
Sl No. Location No of Beneficiaries No of Units

1. Anandanagar (I & II) 5700 1140
2 Jalpara 5200 1040
3 Garden Reach-I 1600 320
Total 12500 dwellers 2500
The houses will be five-storied RCC frame structure with brick walls including plaster on
both sides. The finishing will be IPS flooring and white wash on inside walls and cement
paint on outside walls. The windows will be glazed steel windows. Separate WC & Bath
has been proposed in the DU. The kitchen will be provided with cooking platform and
storage space. The stair lobby space shall be available for use of all the beneficiaries and
shall also be useful as fire evacuation space in case of any major fire hazard.
4.1.7 Cost estimate

The cost for one net Dwelling Unit was estimated to Rs.1.55 lacs. But due to the
escalation price immediately after the sanction of the project by the Central Snctioning &
Monitoring Committee on 09.01.2008, the price of building materals was escalated
causing serious hindrances to the progress of the execution of the work at site. Hence a
Revised Estimate has been prepared and enclosed in the Annexure. The Revised net
estimated cost of each Dwelling Unit is Rs. 2.26 Lakh on average for the three clusters.
Sl Location No of Revised Cost

No. proposed of DU earlier
DU
1. Anandanagar (I & 1140 2,573.52
II)
2 Jalpara 1040 2349.65
3 Garden Reach-I 320 736.55
Total 2500
31
4.1.8 Outcome
After construction of houses, the habitable condition of the slum dwellers will improve
which will ultimately improve their personal health and hygiene and thus remove their
anxiety for basic minimum needs of shelter.
4.2 Physical infrastructure

4.2.1 Water Supply
Proposal
The beneficiaries will be supplied potable water supplying water through pipeline
network. Each unit will be provided with running water supply through pipe line
network from four over head water reservoirs and four numbers Integrated UGR with
Pump House with capacity two nos 20 HP pumps. Water will not be available from the
existing network as was earlier expected and hence Deep Tubewell has been proposed
for each cluster in the revised estimate.
The total cost involvement will be Rs.692.78 lakhs detailed in the Annexure, Abstract of
Cost Estimate.
OHR Revised Length of Revised Revised
Sl Amount
Location Capacity OHR Pipeline Length of Amount
No. (Lakhs)
Capacity Pipeline (Lakhs
Anandanagar 450 KL 850 1666 mt 1757 mt 186.57 333.37
1.
2. Jalpara 450 KL 850 750 mt 1530 mt 181.83 245.57
3. Garden reach-I - 108 KL 285 mt 1420 mt 92.50 113.84
Total 2301 460.90 692.78
Outcome
After resettlement it will not only reduce substantially the inconvenience for
procurement of water from a distance place but also provide them with timely and safe
drinking water.
4.2.2 Drainage & Sewerage

Proposal
Combined system has been considered with road side Gullypits for storm drainage. The
area is being provided with underground sewrage network connected with the existing
underground sewerage system.
.
Drainage & Sewerage
Sl Length of Revised Length of Revised Amount
No Location Drainage Drainage Amount (Lakhs) (Lakhs)
.
Anandanagar 4634 mt 2423 83.67 70.28
1.
2. Jalpara 2160 mt 2160 67.73 93.42
3. Garden reach-I 700 mt 2730 mt 23.31 46.75
Total 7494 mt 174.71 208.75
32
The total cost involvement for Drainage will be Rs.208.75 lakhs as detailed in the chapter
of Cost Estimate.
Outcome
After construction of the proposed Drainage & Sewerage system it will be able to
provide relief to the Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I by means of efficient
and effective disposal of storm water and sanitary waste. Further with the construction of
underground sewerage system overall hygiene conditions within the slum will improve.
This project will by and large enhance the quality of civic life by way of promotion and
safeguarding the public health.
4.2.3 Roads
Proposal
Considering the various aspects of maintenance and erection Bitumenous Macadam
Road with a coat of Pre-mix Carpet is proposed in the revised estimate for all the
housing colonies. To ensure a minimum maintenance free system paved road with
cement concrete precast paver block will be provided for Jogging Track and to ease the
movement of pedestrians and light vehicles.
Revised Length of road Revised

Sl. Length of Amount
Location (m) Amount
No road (m) (Lakhs)
(Lakhs)
Anandanagar 1666 613
1. Black Top 35.99.00 38.19
640
Paved Road
2. Jalpara 750 Black Top 1016 23.89 20.54
Paved Road
3. Garden reach-I 285 Black Top 107.5 5.29 10.50
Paved Road 172.87
Total 2301 65.17
The total cost involvement for Road will be Rs.68.28 lakhs and for Jogging Track will be
Rs 35.23 Lacs as detailed in the chapter of Cost Estimate.
Outcome
Completion of this project is intended to ease the movement of the residents of
Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I to their workplaces and smooth flow of
pedestrian and light vehicle. This will enhance the quality of civic amenities in the
housing colonies. As a result, the quality of life will also improve substantially.
4.2.4 Park and Open Space & Land Development
Parks & Maintained Open Space & Boundary Wall

Proposal
Playgrounds in Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I have been proposed for
the recreational activities of the dwellers. Jogging track around Pond and Playground area
proposed. The quality of soil in each site is very poor. It was erlier thought to dress the
existing land as it is for the proposed development. However to meet the local demand
and to do a reasonable development in harmony with the locality more work require and
33
the earlier approach of land stabilization was changed and piling in poor quality soil area
was proposed. Thus the Land Development Cost is revised with major added cost. The
total Park and Open Space Area is 10912 Sq. M.
Total Revised Length of Revised

Area of
Land Area of Boundary Amount
Sl. Park &
Area Park & Wall Amount (Lakhs)
N Location Open
for Open (Lakhs)
o. Space (Sq.
Develo Space (Sq.
M)
pment M)
8569.55 998
Anandanagar 7.26 (Including 52.56 1297.55
1. (I & II) Acre Maintained 6506
Pond area
of 5336.49)
2. Jalpara 4.05 2631.05 2631 888 8.94 1137.91
Acre
3. Garden Reach-I 1.135 780.01 1775 313.40 mt 3.44 426.99
Acre
Total 12008.05 64.94 2862.45
The total cost involvement will be Rs. 2862.45 lakhs as detailed in the chapter of Cost
Estimate.
Outcome
Completion of this project is intended to provide space for recreational and cultural
space for the residents of Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I. This will
enhance the quality of civic amenities in the housing colonies. As a result, the quality of
life will also improve substantially.
4.2.4 Street Light & Electricity

Proposal
It is proposed to provide street light in the housing colonies.
Revised Revised Revised

No of
Sl. No of Cost per Cost per Amount Amount
Location lamp
No. lamp unit unit (Lakhs) (Lakhs)
post
post
Anandanagar 125 200 Rs. 9500.00 Rs.18616.00 11.875 48.4
1.
Rs.18616.00 6.650 43.56
2. Jalpara 70 180 Rs. 9500.00
Rs.18616.00 2.375 7.26
3. Garden reach-I 25 30 Rs. 9500.00
20.900 300.99
Total 220
The total cost involvement will be Rs. 99.22 lakhs for Street Lighting as detailed in the
chapter of Cost Estimate.
Transformer with H.T/L.T. and Switch in adequate numbers and capacity to be provided
for power supply to the proposed housing clusters. The entire installations are done by
the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC). The KMC will have to pay as may be
estimated by the CESC. However based on the trend of their demand for various
installations of the city the estimate is made by the Electrical Department of the KMC on
Lum Sum basis.
34
No of Revised
Sl.
Location Dwelling Amount
No.
Units (Lakhs)
Anandanagar 1140 90.91
1.
86.61
2. Jalpara 1040
24.25
3. Garden reach-I 320
201.77
Total 220
The total cost involvement will be Rs. 201.77 lakhs for installation of Transformer etc as
detailed in the chapter of Cost Estimate.
Internal Electrical Works It is proposed to provide electrical connection to all units from
the electrical sources of CESC Ltd. Electrical connection will be provided in each unit
from the supply source of CESC Ltd. each unit will be provided with light points one
each at living room and toilet. The common passage area and the staircase will also have
the light points.
Outcome
Successful implementation of this scheme will remove prevailing darkness in the colony
area after sunset. This will ultimately alleviate inconvenience faced by the Anandanagar,
Jalpara and Garden Reach-I in the night and make it a safe zone free of crime.
4.2.5 Solid Waste Management

Proposal
For primary storage of solid waste, covered steel community garbage bins would be
placed at different locations of the housing colony. The garbage will be collected and
disposed off by SWM department of KMC on regular basis.
RevisedNo of Revised Revised

Sl.
Location Container Cost per Amount (Lakhs
No.
point unit Rs.)
Anandanagar 3 (6 cont.) Rs.189000.00 5.67
1.
Rs.189000.00 3.78
2. Jalpara 2 (4 Cont)
Rs.189000.00 1.89
3. Garden reach-I 1(two cont)
Rs.189000.00 11.34
Total 6 pints with 12
containers
Outcome
Completion of this scheme will remove inconvenience and nuisance faced by the
Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I and other public using the street. Thus,
this will improve general environmental condition in the slum colony as a whole.
4.2.6 Social Infrastructure
Socio-Economic Condition
Upgradation of socio-economic conditions is an essential part to bring about harmonic
and integrated development of the areas in general. The following infrastructure schemes
are proposed in the development package:
35
Education and Community Building
Provision has been made for construction of two combined Adult Education &
Community Centre building at the cost of Rs. 511.25 lakhs within the scheme. There are
two such building blocks at Anandanagar (557.54 sqm) and Jalpara (416.38 sqm) of
varying building area and one such building at Garden Reach I(188.30 sqm). The Kolkata
Municipal Corporation will maintain these two buildings.
SSA : ‘Sarba Siksha Abhijan’ - a scheme meant for ‘education for all’
SSK : ‘Sishu Siksha Kendra’ – Mainly aimed at offering free primary education to the
poorer section of the community.
Mid-day Meal : A program initiated to curtail the drop out rates, has been found
success since its initiation.
Social Security
The following Social Security Schemes under State Plan are proposed to be integrated
with the current program.
Adult Education: To promote self dependability
Thrift and Credit Society : For easier Credit and Finance availability.
Self Help Group : To promote self and micro entrepreneurship
DWCUA : Upliftment of the lifestyle and self independency of women group
Annapurna : To provide food stock at reduced price to the poorer section of the
community.
Antyoday Anna Yojana: To provide food stock free of cost to the older section of the
community.
NMBS : National Maternity benefit scheme to facilate the women.
SJSRY : For Economic Empowerment programme for Urban Poor.
4.3 Temporary Relocation

Under the present scheme, temporary relocation of slum dwellers was not envisaged
earelier, since the open area/play ground adjacent to the locality is going to be used for
construction of the houses. But the social situation compelled to propose for
construction 100 Temporasry Rehabilitation Shelters at a total cost 26.19 Lacs at
Anandanagar and 450 Temporasry Rehabilitation Shelters at a total cost 26.19 Lacs. The
Total cost requires Rs. 144.04 Lacs only.
36
Chapter 5
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
Kolkata Municipal Corporation will implement the proposed Project of low cost housing
under the BSUP. The Town Planning Department along with the Bustee Cell will take up
the implementation works. JMC (Dev) will delegate his functions through the Director
General (Town Planning)
5.1 Execution of the Scheme

The work will be executed through contracting agencies under supervision of KMC who
will be responsible for overall supervision of the works and provide all shots of technical
assistants. To mobilize the beneficiaries, the support from the community organisers at
the borough level will be taken. Awareness campaign for the projects is to be done
through the community organizers.
5.2 Operation & Maintenance

The Housing Co-operative will be formed amongst Dwellers and will be responsible for
operation and maintenance of dwelling houses. Slum Develoopment Groups are
responsible for the operation and maintenance of the assets created for permanent
settlements at Anandanagar, Jalpara and Garden Reach-I areas. The groups look
after the well being of their community and surroundings. As and when required they
collect contributions from the members, i,e, affected families for operation and
maintenance.
Self Help Groups (SHGs) are formed to inculcate savings habit and to provide linkage
with the financial institutions and Banks which will enable them to start micro-
enterprise. It will help them to empower both socially and economically.
Housing co-operatives will be formed amongst Slum development Groups for operation
and maintenance of flats and infrastructure like water supply, sewerage/drainage,
electrical including streetlights with the contribution from the flat owners
37
Chapter 6
MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT
The overall management of the Project shall lie with the Municipal Commissioner of the
KMC who shall delegate his functions through the Board of Directors. Joint Municipal
Commissioner (Revenue), Joint Municipal Commissioner (General), Joint Municipal
Commissioner (Development) Director General (Town Planning), Director General
(Bustee), Chief Manager (Property Tax), Chief Municipal Finance and Accounts shall be
in the Board of Directors who will be in charge of the overall management of the
project, sanctioning of funds for the project, selection of consultant, approval of the
tender documents, and the detailed project report.
There will be an implementing agency headed by the JMC (Dev) who will delegate his
functions through one EE/AEE who shall in in charge of the overall implementation of
the project, selection of the beneficiaries, day to day management of the project, and
liasoning with the beneficiaries. One accounts officer shall also be part of the
implementing agency dealing with the accounts and finance part of the project,
disbursement of funds for project purpose and day to day project activities.
Director General Director General

(Nagar Pally) (Town Planning)
38
Chapter 7
RESOURCE MOBILIZATIONS AND
BUDGETARY ALLOCATION
Under Sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP), the financing of
projects under the Mission would be as under:-
Revised State Beneficia

ULB
GRAND GRAND Govt ries
Sl. GOI Contribut
ITEM OF WORK TOTAL TOTAL Contribut Contribut
No Rs in lacs ion Rs in
Rs in lacs Rs in lacs ion Rs in ion
lacs
lacs Rs in lacs
Building work
a) Dwelling Units
3875.00 5659.72 2892.86 1697.92 381.94
1 (Without stairs etc,) 750
b) Common areas 0.00
255.50 617.09 308.55 185.13 123.42
including stairway
Total 4130.50 6276.81 3201.41 1883.05 505.36 750
External Electric 300.99

2 20.90 150.50 90.30 60.19
Work
3 Road Work 65.17 68.28 34.14 20.48 13.66
Sewerage & Drainage

4 174.71 208.75 104.38 62.63 41.75
Work
5 Water supply Works 460.90 692.78 346.39 207.83 138.56
Included in
Livelihood Centre /
6 29.67 Community
Work shed
Centre
Jogging Track & Cart 35.23
7 10.89 17.62 10.57 7.05
parking Area
Parks & open Space
8 with area land 105.51 2862.45 1431.23 858.74 572.49
development
Community Building
9 and Child and Adult 78.19 511.25 255.63 153.38 102.25
Education Centre
10 SWM Works 11.34 5.67 3.4 2.27
11 Transit Dwelling 144.04 72.02 43.21 28.81
TOTAL COST OF ALL

WORK 5555.96 750.00
5076.44 11111.92 3333.58 1472.38
Incentive for Preparation of
DPR, Training, Capacity
Building etc. (5%) 253.82
Incentive for Administrative
and Others expenses (5%) 253.82
TOTAL PROJECT COST
5584.08 11111.92 5555.96 3333.58 1472.38 750
39
Chapter 8
MONITORING MECHANISM
Kolkata Municipal Corporation shall monitor the progress of the project regularly
through its Engineers and Executive Engineers. The Engineers from the Project
Implementation Units shall send regular updates and quarterly progress reports to the
PMU on the physical and financial progress of the project. Utilization Certificate on a
quarterly basis shall be send by the Accounts officer to the PMU through the Board of
Directors. Officers of Nodal Agency/Implementing Agency dealing with housing
scheme will visit the site regularly and ascertain through field visits whether the
programme is being implemented satisfactorily and whether the construction of houses is
in accordance with the prescribed norms. The periodic evaluation studies on the
implementation and housing scheme will be conducted on a regular basis.
The format for the progress reports is given below in Table:
Sl Activities Tasks Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter

No. I II III IV
I Pre Project
Planning
Identification of 1. Household Survey
the beneficiaries outlining the income,
access to basic amenities,
housing conditions and
security of land tenure as
the main indicators.
2. Consultation with the
councillors and
community.
Identification of 1. Detailed survey and
the area where measurement of the
the in situ, low landholdings.
cost housing is to 2. Topographical survey of
be provided. the land.
Scoping of the 1. Finalisation of the total
project no. of beneficiaries.
2. Finalisation of the total
no. of dwelling units to be
constructed.
Identification of 1. Coordinating with central
the sources of Govt and State Govt for
funds funding.
2. Mobilising a part of the
fund from internal
sources.
Mobilizing the 1. Awareness building and
beneficiaries to campaign among the
contribute 12% beneficiaries regarding the
of total cost project, direct benefits
and indirect benefits.
40
2. Campaign regarding
temporary relocation.
3. Getting consent from the
beneficiaries for
relocation and cost
contribution.
II Design
Selection of the 1. Floating of the tender.
Consultants 2. Inviting sealed bids from
contractors.
3. Finalisation of the
Consultant based on the
highest bidder.
4. Approval of the DPR
Identification of 1. Survey of alternate sites
alternate site for for relocation.
temporary 2. Ensuring access to basic
relocation amenities in the alternate
site.
3. Ensuring that the site is
not very far from their
work place to reduce the
cost of commuting.
4. Mobilising the
beneficiaries to relocate
temporarily.
III Construction 1. Construction of the
houses.
2. Ensuring strict adherence
to the minimum norms
for kichen, toilet and
room sizes.
3. Ensuring strict adherence
to use of quality materials
for construction.
4. Ensuring access to basic
amenities like water
supply, toilets and solid
waste management and
roads.
5. Coordinating with other
departments of KMC for
the basic amenities.
IV Implementation 1. Shifting the beneficiaries
to the new houses.
2. Ensuring proper
disbursement of the funds
towards payment for the
construction.
V Monitoring Feedback survey of the
beneficiaries. The results of
41
the said project maynot be
quantified as improvement in
the quality of life involves so
many factors and
dimensions.However
following indictaors can be
taken:
1. Improvement in the quality
of health.
2. A sense of security.
3. Access to tapped water
connection, toilets.
4. Improvement in the
overall hygiene of the
surroundings.
5. Quality of materials used
for construction.
6. Room sizes.
The monitoring mechanism for the Project shall be based on the Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM). One external monitoring agency at the state
level shall be appointed to evaluate the progress of the project at regular intervals.
42
Chapter 9
REFORMS
9.1 Mandatory reform Undertaken at the ULB level
REFORM SL REFORM PRESENT STATUS TARGET YEARS (as agreed between GoI, GoWB and KMC.)
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1. Extension of 1. 95% of the properties within original √

I. PROPERTY property tax regime Kolkata are covered under the tax net.
TAX to all properties 2. 75% of the areas in added areas of
Kolkata (Garden Reach, Behala and
Jadavpur) covered under the tax net.
2. Elimination of 1. Already eliminated √

exemptions 2. KMC can grant periodical/annual
exemptions to properties under
charitable categories under the KMC Act
1980.
3. Migration to self 1. Amendments have already been enacted.
assessment system of 2. A cell in KMC is actively processing
property taxation issues under the Jnt. Municipal
Commissioner.
4. Setting up a non- 1. The process of switching over to unit √

discretionary method area valuation system has already been
for determination of initiated.
property tax(unit 2. Data collection and analysis going on.
area method) 3. To be completed by 5th year.
43
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
5. Use of GIS based One contractor - agency was selected and Consultant Full migration
property tax system activities had been initiated, but the agency selection
has since withdrawn itself. Fresh short listing
of firms has been initiated.
6. Next revision of √
guidance values
7. Fix periodicity of This system is in place. Every five years
revision of guidance revaluation of properties and their values is
values done.
8. Establish taxpayer 1. FAQS prepared. Booklet published.

education 2. Camp finalised in added areas for
programme bringing people in tax net.
44
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
9. Establish dispute 1. Municipal Assessment Tribunal (MAT)

resolution is there,
mechanism
2. LOKADALAT introduced in August
2007.
3. A grievance redressal committee has

been additionally formed.
10. Rewarding and Already in place

acknowledging
honest and prompt
tax payees
11. a) Achievement of Through several simplification exercises and 41.27% 50.01% 58.76% 67.51% 76.25% 85.00%
85% collection ratio other incentivising schemes the exercises are
vigorously going on.
b) Status 56.40% 57.90%
12. Achievement of 90% 79.30% 81% 84% 85.72% 87.86% 90.00%
collection ratio
45
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
13. Ongoing 1. 85% networking of all KMC departments

implementation of e- completed.
governance 2. Central server completed.
initiatives, against 3. Application software as per national
monitorable time standards working in Trade, Health,
table Market, Amusement, Bustee, Assessment-
Collection departments in the head office.
4. Assessment and collection to be
operational in the Behala, Garden Reach
areas by 20th Sept. 2007.
5. Death (3, 6, 10) and birth (1, 5, 10)
registration for 3 boroughs each already
operational.
6. Roll out of treasury system for Kashipur,
Behala, Gachtala area treasury offices by
2007.
7. Rollout of Education, Social Sector by Oct.
2007.
8. Application testing of modules for
Surveyor Estate, Health Management, (No
Suggestions), Advertisement, Motor
Vehicles, Buildings, Parks and Gardens.
9. Roll over of License departments at
borough level by November 2007.
10. Roll over of market by Dec. 2007.
11. By 2008 roll over of application software in
Water supply, Revenue, Law, Engineering,
Drainage, Internal Auditing, Finance, Street
Lighting, Road, and MPLAD departments
to be completed.
1. Appointment of
II. E state level
GOVERNANC technology
E consultant as state
technology advisor
46
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
2. Preparation of Already completed. The design document is √

Municipal e- being used for operational purposes
governance design
document (MEDD)
on the basis of
national design
document as per
NMMP
3. Assessment of The MEDD has been prepared against √
MEDD against national E Governance standards
national e-
governance
standards
4. Agreement of Already done √
municipal e-
governance action
agenda
5. BPR for migration to Already completed √
e-governance
6. Appointment of Already completed. √
software TCS has been appointed as E Governance
consultant(s) consultant to KMC (municipal administration
system)
7. Exploring PPP Under Process √
option for different
e-governance
services
8. Defining Already completed
monitorable time
table for
implementation of
each e-governance
initiative that is
being taken up
47
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1. Go/legislation/modi Done √
III. fication of rules for
MUNICIPAL migration to double
ACCOUNTIN entry accounting
G REFORM system
2. Appointment of Completed √
consultants for
development of state
manual
3. Completion and Completed and adopted. Already completed √
adoption of annual for the year 1993-94 to 2005-06
accounts.
4. Commence training 1. Completed and Ongoing. √
of personnel
2. Training Manual published.
5. Appointment of Completed √
field level consultant
for implementation
at the city level
6. Notification of cut Completed √
off data for
migration to the
double entry
accounting system
7. Business process re- Substantially Completed √
engineering
8. Valuation of assets Completed √
and liabilities
9. Drawing up of Since 1970 KMC is preparing balance Sheet
opening balance
sheet (OBS)
10. Full migration to Completed √
double entry
accounting system
48
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
11. Production of Completed √

financial statements
(income expenditure
accounts and balance
sheet)
12. Audit of financial Audit for the year 2005-06 completed. True √
statements and fair certificate received.
13. Preparation of out Being examined √

come budget
14. Complete revamp of Under process √
the public financial
management (PFM)
cycle which includes
internal controls
15. Credit rating of Already completed. √
ULB/Parastatal KMC has received A+ Stable rating from
CRISIL.
1. Defining criteria for Non economic criteria of security of tenancy, √
IV. identification of the shelter, access to basic amenities etc have
INTERNAL urban poor. been identified for identification of the BPL.
EARMARKIN 2. Fresh enumeration Done √
G OF FUNDS based on the above.
FOR BASIC
SERVICES 3. Define the service Household survey has been completed.
FOR POOR levels for the urban Families not having access to basic amenities
poor across various being identified.
services
49
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
4. Strategic document Under Preparation √

which outlines the
requirements both
physical and
financial,
timeframes, sources
of funding and
implementation
strategies including
community
participation,
monitorable output
indicators for each
of the services,
including outlining
conditions.
5. Periodic impact √
evaluation by
independent
agencies appointed
by the state
government
1. Establishment of Under Process √
V. USER proper accounting
CHARGE system for water
supply and sewerage
so as to determine
the O&M cost
separately
2. Establishment of Under Process √
proper accounting
system for solid
waste management
so as to determine
the O&M cost
separately
50
TYPE NO. ACTIVITY
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
3. Establishment of Not applicable at ULB level. √

proper accounting
system for public
transport so as to
determine the O&M
cost separately.
4. Time table to
achieve full recovery
of O&M cost from
user charges for
water supply,
sewerage and SWM
(in % age)
51
Chapter 10
TOTAL PROJECT COST AND PROJECT
CONTRIBUTION
The project should be financed in such a way that it is viable. The objective of this
project is socio-economic upliftment of the slum dwellers through integrated
development of the slum. Government of India has set a special fund from which 50%
of the project cost is given as grant to the implementing agency. The balance amount is
proposed to be shared between State Government, ULB and the beneficiaries.
Revised State Beneficia

ULB
GRAND GRAND Govt ries
Sl. GOI Contribut
ITEM OF WORK TOTAL TOTAL Contribut Contribut
No Rs in lacs ion Rs in
Rs in lacs Rs in lacs ion Rs in ion
lacs
lacs Rs in lacs
Building work
a) Dwelling Units
3875.00 5659.72 2892.86 1697.92 381.94
1 (Without stairs etc,) 750
b) Common areas 0.00
255.50 617.09 308.55 185.13 123.42
including stairway
Total 4130.50 6276.81 3201.41 1883.05 505.36 750
External Electric 300.99

2 20.90 150.50 90.30 60.19
Work
3 Road Work 65.17 68.28 34.14 20.48 13.66
Sewerage & Drainage

4 174.71 208.75 104.38 62.63 41.75
Work
5 Water supply Works 460.90 692.78 346.39 207.83 138.56
Included in
Livelihood Centre /
6 29.67 Community
Work shed
Centre
Jogging Track & Cart 35.23
7 10.89 17.62 10.57 7.05
parking Area
Parks & open Space
8 with area land 105.51 2862.45 1431.23 858.74 572.49
development
Community Building
9 and Child and Adult 78.19 511.25 255.63 153.38 102.25
Education Centre
10 SWM Works 11.34 5.67 3.4 2.27
11 Transit Dwelling 144.04 72.02 43.21 28.81
TOTAL COST OF ALL

WORK 5555.96 750.00
5076.44 11111.92 3333.58 1472.38
Incentive for Preparation of
DPR, Training, Capacity
Building etc. (5%) 253.82
Incentive for Administrative
and Others expenses (5%) 253.82
TOTAL PROJECT COST
5584.08 11111.92 5555.96 3333.58 1472.38 750
52
ESTIMATE
53

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REVISED DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF BSUP PROJECT

1.1 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

 Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor

2. Category of State – whether general or North General

4. a) Whether City Development Plan (CDP) has Yes

Signatures of the Competent Authority in ULB/Parastatal

Name: Alapan Bandyopadhyay, I.A.S.

Designation: Municipal Commissioner

Verified & Countersigned by the State Level Nodal Officer

Tel No./Fax No.

ii) Implementing agency Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC)

4 Project Cost (Rs. in lacs) 11,111.92

5 State share (Rs. in lacs)

7 I) Project Duration 18 Months

10 i) No. of DUs - New 2500

i) The land use of the

iii) Whether there is

v) Expenditure involved Rs. 511.25

Use of Innovative & cost

Use of earthquake resistant has been considered in structural design as per IS

2.1 Demographic Characteristics

Table 1 - Constituents of KMA: 2001

The 2001 Census reports a total population of 4,580,544 in Kolkata Municipal

Table 2 - Growth of Population within KMC Wards, 2001

2.2 Economic Characteristics

Table 4 - Occupational Structure of Kolkata and West Bengal Urban Areas

Table 5: Source-wise Capacity of Potable Water Generation in KMC.

5. Tube well 20 Big diameter tube well – 340 no. &

Table 6 - Zone-wise Distribution of Boroughs and Pumping Station including

Table 7 - Estimated Demand for Water under KMC in 2006

Collected garbage is transported by means of trucks and containers. Mnual handling is

Table 8 - Details for Waste Collection and Transportation Fleet

Table 9 - Details for Waste Collection and Transportation Fleet

2.5 Sewerage and Sanitation

2.6 SLUMS IN KOLKATA

2.6.1 Definition of a Slum

2.6.2 Classification of Slums

2.6.3 Slum Characteristics

Table 12 - Slum Population in KMC

Table 14 - Migrant Flow in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration

Figure – 1 Borougwise Map of KMC showing % of Slum Population

Table 15 - Slum Population in Kolkata 2001

Age and Location of Slums

Tenancy and Ownership

Access to Basic Amenities

I 33 7.13 1.11 70.65 7.63

3.2 Unique features

4. Facilitating behaviour change among the beneficiaries for ensuring healthy

3.3 Criteria for identification of beneficiaries

- Community meeting along with Councilors.

3.5 Convergence with other Govt. Programs i.e. NOAPS, NFBS,

3 Garden Reach-I 1600 100 320

Total 12500 dwellers 100 2500

4.1 Housing Infrastructure

4.1.2 Identification of Beneficiaries

4.1.3 Town Planning Norms

4.1.4 Involvement of Beneficiaries

4.1.5 Environment improvement and Open / Green Spaces

4.1.6 Scheme Proposed

Sl No. Location No of Beneficiaries No of Units

2 Jalpara 5200 1040

3 Garden Reach-I 1600 320

Total 12500 dwellers 2500