Summary of Communicable Diseases (MIDTERMS)

NAME: PIQUERO, LYKA JOY H.

YR/SEC: BSN 3 – A1 – 2

COMMUNICABLE CAUSATIVE PORTAL OF MODE OF PORTAL OF PATHOGNOMIC PREVENTIVE

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
DISEASE AGENT EXIT TRANSMISSION ENTRY SIGN MEASURE

Morbilli Virus Human Mouth or nose  Inhalation of Nose or mouth Koplik’s spots Nursing Management: Immunization
1. Measles (paramyxovirus) Specifically in (MMR for 1st dose:
respiratory  Isolation
the respiratory droplets  Provide a tepid 12- 15 months and
tract  By airborne sponge bath booster dose for
transmission  Encourage to increase 11-12 years)
when infected in oral fluid intake
people cough or  Provide antipyretic
sneeze.  Promote bed rest
 indirect contact  Provide nasal, oral,
with objects eye, and skin care
contaminated Medical Management
with secretions.  Penicillin G – to
prevent secondary
bacterial complication
 Antiviral of
ISOPRENOSINE
 Vitamin A
- 6 to 12 months =
100,000 IU
 - 1 to 5 years old =
200,000 IU

2. German Rubivirus Human Mouth or nose  Inhalation of Mouth or nose Forscheimer spot Nursing Management: Immunization
Measles (Nose and respiratory  Isolation
Throat) droplets  Provide a tepid sponge
 spread by direct bath
contact with an  Encourage to increase
infected in oral fluid intake
person's  Provide antipyretic
respiratory  Promote bed rest
secretions  Provide nasal, oral,
 Indirect contact eye, and skin care
with objects
Medical Management
contaminated
 symptomatic and
with secretions
supportive with
 Trans-placental
antipyretic and
transmission
analgesic.

3. Chicken Pox varicella-zoster mouth, nose,  Inhalation of  Respiratory A rash that turns into Nursing Management:
virus (VZV) Human and superficial respiratory tract itchy, fluid-filled Immunization
skin lesions or droplets  Eyes, mouth, blisters that Teach the following home
the blisters  Indirect contact nose, and eventually turn into remedies to the client to
with objects broken tissue scabs. relieve chickenpox
contaminated or skin symptoms and prevent
with secretions skin infections;
 and lesions.  Apply calamine
 Indirect contact lotion
with objects  A cool bath with
contaminated added baking soda,
with secretions. uncooked oatmeal,
 Trans-placental or colloidal oatmeal.
transmission  minimize scratching
to prevent the virus
from spreading to
others and potential
bacterial infection
from occurring.
 Keep fingernails
trimmed short

Medical Management:

 Acyclovir or
Zoverax - to slow
down vesicle
formation and
speed up skin
healing
 Antipyretic
 Acetaminophen -
to relieve fever
from chickenpox
 Antihistamine,
 Calamine lotion
and Soda bath for
pruritus

Human Respiratory

4. Influenza RNA viruses respiratory tract  Directly from • Eyes, mouth, Clinical Nursing Management: Annual influenza
Orthomyxoviridae tract (nose and person to person and nose manifestations; vaccination can
family mouth) by droplets  Respiratory prevent much of
produced during  Hyperpyrexia Isolations(droplet) the illness
sneezing or  Chills  Bed Rest: Limit and death caused
coughing  Malaise strenuous activity by conventional or
 Indirectly, when  Coryza  Keep patient warm seasonal
contaminated and free from drafts in influenza.
 Headache
droplets land on bed
 Myalgia
surfaces that  Watch out for
 sore throat
uninfected complications

individuals  TSB
GI manifestations:
subsequently  Instruct patient to
 nausea and
touch avoid crowded areas
 vomiting.
and close
 contact with infected
persons

5. COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 virus Person’s Nose and  Droplets from Nose, mouth, Symptoms can range Supportive care is aimed  Wash your
respiratory mouth coughing and eyes from mild to severe: at relieving symptoms and hands regularly
tract sneezing  Cough, may include: with soap and
shortness water, or clean
 Contact with of breath, or  Pain relievers them with
contaminated difficulty (ibuprofen or alcohol-based
objects and breathing acetaminophen) hand rub.
touching face  Congestion, sore  Cough syrup or  Maintain at
throat, fever, or medication least 1 meter
chills  Rest distance
 Fatigue,  Fluid intake between any
headache, or individual and
body aches Medical Treatment: people
 Nausea, coughing or
vomiting, or  Antiviral drug sneezing.
diarrhea remdesivir (Veklury)  Avoid
 New loss of taste  Paxlovid that includes touching the
or smell nirmatrelvir – a drug face.

that blocks the activity  Cover the

of a specific enzyme mouth and nose
needed for the virus when coughing
that causes COVID-19 or sneezing.
to replicate  Stay home if
 Molnupiravir to treat feel unwell.
mild to moderate  Refrain from
COVID-19 smoking and
 Monoclonal antibody other activities
medications include that weaken the
sotrovimab; lungs.
bebtelovimab; a  Practice
combination of physical
bamlanivimab and distancing by
 etesevimab; and a avoiding
combination of unnecessary
casirivimab and travel and
imdevimab staying away
from large
groups of
people.
 Boost the
immune system
by taking
Vitamin C,
Vitamin D, and
Zinc and eating
nutritiously
foods.
 Most
importantly
IMMUNIZTION

Nursing Management:

6. Pulmonary Mycobacterium Human Mouth or nose person to person mouth or nasal Clinical  Isolation precaution common
tuberculosis through inhalation of passages, upper manifestations of  Provide patient with preventive
Tuberculosis tiny droplets respiratory tract, PTB adequate rest measures are:
released by infected and bronchi to  Fever – low grade periods
person into the air reach the alveoli in late afternoon or  Promote adequate  Submit all
via coughs and of the lungs early evening nutrition babies for
sneezes.  Chronic cough of  Advise to cover nose BCG
more than 2 and mouth when Immunization
 weeks sneezing  Avoid
 Anorexia and coughing and overcrowding
 Body malaise and dispose secretions and mode of
weight loss, properly transmission
 Nocturnal  Provide frequent oral  Nutritional and
sweating hygiene and hand health status
 Chest and back washing improvement
pains  Encourage to stop  Advise those
 Dyspnea, smoking who have been
hoarseness of  Be alert for signs of exposed to
voice, hemoptysis drug reaction receive
 Sputum positive  Monitor drug tuberculin test

for AFB. compliance

 Teach the patient all
about PTB
 Encourage questions to
air feelings
 Emphasize the
importance of follow-up
 Check sputum for blood
and purulent
expectoration
Most common PTB
medicines are:

 isoniazid with common

side effect of peripheral
neuritis and
 hepatotoxicity.
 pyrazinamide with
common side effect of
gouty arthritis and
hyperuricemia
 ethambutol
(Myambutol) with side
effect of optic neuritis
 rifampin (Rifadin)
with side effects of
hepatotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity, purpura
and orange-colored
secretions
 streptomycin with side
effect of vestibular
ototoxicity.
The Doctor might
recommend an approach
called directly observed
therapy (DOT) to ensure
that complete treatment is
encouraged and no
failures.

7. Pneumonia  Streptococcus reservoir for mouth and  droplet Respiratory tract Signs and symptoms Nursing Management:  Get
pneumonia pneumococci nose transmission – of pneumonia may  Isolation VACCINATED
 Haemophilus is the mouth & vary from mild to  Increase oral fluid  Practice good
influenza nasopharynx the nose of an severe this includes: intake may help liquefy hygiene
 Staphylococcus of infected person  Rusty or prune secretions in order to  Don't smoke
 Aureus asymptomatic via nasopharynx, juice sputum- help expectorate easily  Keep your

 Klebsiella humans through intimate pathognomonic  Chest physiotherapy immune system

contact w/ sign  Deep breathing strong
 pneumoniae
carriers  The single most coughing and turning
 (Friedlander’s
 indirect contact important exercise (DBCTE)
bacilli),
with symptom in the  elevate head &
 Mycoplasma
contaminated diagnosis of shoulders of the patient
pneumonia
objects pneumonia is fast by means of a pillow to
 Systemic breathing. relieve labored
infection through  Chills with rising breathing & lessen
inhalation of fever lower than coughing
caustic or toxic normal body  Suction secretion when
chemicals, temperature necessary.
aspiration of  Chest pain  Absolute bed rest
food, fluid, and (stabbing)  High-calorieie diet
vomitus.  Cough
(paroxysmal and Medical management are
choking) which antibiotics:
may produce  Pen G Na
phlegm Drug of Choice with an
 Abdominal pain, alternative of;
 Confusion or  Clotrimoxazole,
changes in mental  Tetracycline
awareness (in
 Erythromycin,
adults age 65 and
 Bronchodilators
 older), (aminophylline,
 Fatigue salbutamol)
 Nausea  Expectorants
 Vomiting or  Analgesics for pleuritic
diarrhea pain
 Vomiting or
diarrhea  Mechanical ventilation
 Labored – resp. failure

respirations,

8. Diphtheria Corynebacterium Human Mouth and  Diphtheria Mouth, tonsils, The clinical Nursing management:  Immunization of
diphtheria (Klebs- Respiratory nose spreads via nose, and throat manifestations:  Are strict isolate DTaP and
loeffler bacillus) tract droplets. When the patient TDaP vaccine
an infected  Nasal –localized (droplet)
person sneezes in the nares;  provide liquid and DTaP – vaccine for
or cough excoriation of the soft diet children
 Indirect contact upper lip and alae  maintain good oral
with nasi with hygiene and TDaP -vaccine for
contaminated serosanguinous proper airway adolescents and
personal or secretions which  complete bed rest adults
household later becomes  pasteurization of
items can also bloody and foul milk  Proper disposal
 be transmitted to smelling.  ice collar for neck of
the bacteria.  Pharyngeal or spasms nasopharyngeal
 It can also faucial –pharynx  monitor for secretions
transfer (tonsilar, uvular, respiratory distress
diphtheria- palatar)
causing bacteria  Low-gradede Medical management
by touching an fever; malaise;
infected wound. headache and  Penicillin – is the
sore throat drug of choice
 Pseudomembrane  Erythromycin as
very visible within an alternative if
24 hrs. allergy to penicillin
 Bull neck – a  Passive
swollen gland immunization
(enlarged lymph diphtheria antitoxin
nodes) in the  Tracheostomy if
neck laryngeal for infant
 Difficulty and children are
breathing or rapid present.
breathing
 Laryngotracheal -
more common
in infants;
presence of
laryngeal stridor;
hoarseness of
voice and some
signs of
 respiratory
distress.
Nursing management:
9. Pertussis Bordetella pertussis Adolescents, Respiratory  Person to person Mouth, nose Intermittent episodes  Bed rest Immunization of
(Whooping adults, and system (mouth mainly through eyes of paroxysmal cough  NPO in attacks DPT
cough) older school- nose) droplets produced followed by an (paroxysmal and
age children by coughing explosive expiration catarrhal stage –
or sneezing. ending in an aspiration
 Indirect contact inspiratory “whoop”  Positioning – prone for
with contaminated and ending in infants and upright for
object. vomiting (5-10x in older persons
succession repeated  Isolate the patient
20-40x in a day).  Provide a quiet, non-
stimulating environment
 Keep patient warm and
out of wind
 Small frequent feedings
 Encourage abdominal
support when coughing
 Clothing contaminated
with discharges
should be boiled for 30
minutes before
laundering
 Adequate ventilation.

Medical Management:
 Ampicillin, erythromycin
 (DOC) – given for 5 to 7
days and anti-tussive
 Sinecod – for extremely
dry cough and early
treatment is very
important.
No specific treatment for
10. Mumps Paramyxovirus Humans nose, mouth Direct contact with nose, mouth  Pain in the swollen mumps only supportive Immunization of
from Rubulavirus (parotid saliva or respiratory and throat salivary glands on and symptomatic such as; MMR
glands) droplets of a person one or both sides of  Analgesic
infected with the face  Antipyretic
mumps.  Pain while chewing  A moist heat and cold
or swallowing application
 Low-grade fever  Rest as much as
 Headache possible
 Earache  Try to ease symptoms
 Muscle aches with cold compresses
 Weakness and and over-the-counter
fatigue pain relievers such as

 Loss of appetite ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin

 Dysphagia IB, others) and

acetaminophen
(Tylenol, others).