Unit Operation Lab

For 4th Stage

By Asmaa sattar
:Student Name
‫ مريم رياض عبد الجبار‬،‫أسماء ستار لطيف‬
:Department
Oil refinery and Gas engineering
:Subject and Course
Unit operation laboratory (II)
:For year
2023
Title: Drying of solids –tray drying
:Abstract

:Introduction
Drying is simply defined as a mass transfer process consisting of
removal water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid,
semi-solid or liquid or the removal of moisture or humidity from
solids or liquids or even gases. Drying is carried out for more of
the following reasons: to reduce the cost of transport , to make a
material more suitable for handling as, for example, with soap
powders, dyestuff and fertilizers. To provide definite
properties ,such as for example, maintaining the free-flowing
.nature of salt
One of the problems related to the moisture content, so that the
abundance and chemical reactivity of moisture, and the
determination of its quantity , are of great concern to many
industries such as food, paper,and plastics, where acceptable
levels of moisture vary between materials and in some cases, very
small quantities of moisture can adversely affect the quality of
.product
Materials and methods:
Pure sand
Water
Tray dryer
Tray [20 cm in length and width]
Blower
Heated air .
Results:
Some quantities were measured as follows:
W tray ( empty)= 833 g
W s= 500g
W water= 150 g
Total w ( water + sand)= 650 g
 Time in minutes Change in total weight Weight of remaining solid ws
0 500+833+150= 1483
10 1482 1482-833= 649
20 1477 1477-833=644
30 1470 1470-833= 637
40 1463 1483-833=630
50 1456 1456-833=623

Calculations:
w−w s
X=
ws
 W xt
649 0.3
644 0.29
637 0.27
630 0.26
623 0.24
x t Here is clarifying on how

:Is being calculated

 tnetnoc erutsiom

tnetnoc erutsiom

2.0
05 04 03 02 01
-Figure(1
Fig(1-2) : plotting X( moisture content vs. time )
cm
2
A= 20*20= 400
m2 A=0.04
S=500 g= 0.5 Kg
:Now, we can estimate the drying rate for each X by the equation
−S
∗dX
A
R=
dt

X dX/dt R
0.3 10 *4.8-
−4
= 10 *4.8-* 12.5
−4

0.006
0.29 -0.001 0.0125= 0.001*12.5
0.27 -0.004 0.05
0.26 -10−3 *2.75 0.03
0.24 -0.02 0.25
:Now, plot R vs dX/dt