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Strength Characterization of Geomaterial and Slope Stabilization

Solutions for Hilly areas of Uttarakhand

Reference No. : 132022002911

Saved By : Dr. Sareesh Chandrawanshi

[SERB Qualified Unique Identification Document: SQUID-1986-SC-9590]
Saved Date : 12-Sep-2022

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 1 of 18

 PROPOSAL DETAILS

Dr. Sareesh Chandrawanshi

sareesh23@gmail.com
Assistant Professor (Civil Engineering)
G.B. Pant Engineering College
Ghurdauri-jamlakhal rd, ghurdauri, ut, Pauri, Uttarakhand-
246001
[College (Public)]

Technical Details :
Scheme : State University Research Excellence (SERB SURE)
Research Area : Civil Engineering (Engineering Sciences)
Duration : 24 Months Contact No : +919827063045
Date of Birth : 23-May-1986
Nationality : INDIAN Total Cost (INR) : 22,87,880
Project Summary :
The purpose of this research project is, assessing the strength characteristics of the
soils/loose rocks that constitutes the major part of slopes in the state of Uttarakhand and
suggesting optimum Slope Stabilization Solutions by conducting parametric studies. The focus
area is related to the slope stability assessment along the route Rishikesh to Rudraprayag
(NH-58, 140 kms) and Rudraprayag to Mana Village (Badrinath) (NH-58, 160 kms). The slope
failure is very common in this region especially during the monsoon season that leads to
extensive resource allocation and time intensive solution. In the absence of strength
characteristics of the soils/loose rocks the feasibility of any solution is difficult to calculate.
The Char Dham All Weather Highway Development Project holds its importance due to
pilgrimage as well as because of its strategic importance. The widening of road lead to the
formation of acute slopes which eventually fail. Such instance of slope failure led to closure of
roads from few hours to several days. Due to the terrain, the sample collection and testing at
any particular location becomes difficult. The broad objectives of the project include the
following: a. Identifying the critical sections in the 300 kms stretch of highway, in terms of
geometry of slopes and collection of soil samples from the locations. b. Assessing the strength
characteristics of the soils/loose rocks collected from critical locations by conducting
experimental studies. c. Exploring the causes of slope failure in various types of geomaterials
due to prevailing geotechnical conditions with the help of LEM software and will provide the
logical approach for solution. d. Parametric study of various slope stabilization solutions will
be conducted with the help of analysis software based on Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). e.
Preparation of easy-to-understand guide for maintaining slopes in safe in conditions. Various
slope geometry with geomaterial properties and geotechnical conditions will be investigated.
Evaluation of various slope stabilization solutions will include: Gravity wall, Retaining wall,
Gabions, MSE wall, Soil nails, Rock bolts. Laboratory testing for strength characteristics of
the soils/loose rocks will be conducted. Particle size analysis curve will be plotted by
performing sieve analysis with the help of Heavy-Duty Sieve Shaker. The sieves sizes will
range from 53 mm to 0.075 mm. Then the representative samples will be tested in Electronic
Direct Shear Apparatus. The sample size will be 300 mm x 300 mm x 150 mm. The output of
the project will be shared with various governmental agencies which are In-charge of various
types construction activities in the region like residential projects, transportation projects.
The outcome will be the knowledge complied in the report as many
Executives/Planners/Supervisors lack extensive geotechnical engineering experience.

Objectives :
The broad objectives of the project include the following: a. Identifying the critical sections in
the 300 kms stretch of highway, in terms of geometry of slopes and collection of soil samples
from the locations. b. Assessing the strength characteristics of the soils/loose rocks collected
from critical locations by conducting experimental studies. c. Exploring the causes of slope
failure in various types of geomaterials due to prevailing geotechnical conditions with the help
of LEM software and will provide the logical approach for solution. d. Parametric study of
various slope stabilization solutions will be conducted with the help of analysis software based
on Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). e. Preparation of easy-to-understand guide for
maintaining slopes in safe in conditions.

Keywords :
Slope Stability, Strength Characterization, Slope Stabilization

Expected Output and Outcome of the proposal :

The output of the project will be shared with various governmental agencies which are In-
charge of various types construction activities in the region like residential projects,
transportation projects. The outcome will be the knowledge complied in the report as many
Executives/Planners/Supervisors lack extensive geotechnical engineering experience. They
will know the safe slope angles and the optimum Slope Stabilization Solutions suitable for any
particular geomaterial at site and prevailing geotechnical condition.
Any other relevant information:
Char Dham All Weather Highway Development Project
Suitability of the proposed work in major national initiatives of the Government:
Smart Cities, Smart Cities, Not Applicable
Theme of Proposed Work:
Environment, Transport

Collaboration Details for last 5 Years :

Planned Collaboration for the proposed work with any foreign scientist/ institution ? No

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 Other Technical Details

1. Origin of the Proposal:

My institute is in Pauri region. It is 100 kms from Rishikesh. I am seeing the implementation of Char
Dham All Weather Highway Development Project worth 12000 Crores. And in the last three and half
years of my work I travelled extensively on various road in Uttarakhand. The widening of road lead
to the formation of acute slopes which eventually fail. Such instance of slope failure led to closure of
roads from few hours to several days. Various residential/institutional projects in mountainous region
are constructed by a creating a cut on a side of slope and extending it to provide a flat area. This leads
to near vertical sections that needs to be stabilized. The figure below elaborates the situation.

Fig. 1. Construction site of Central Sanskrit University, Devprayag

I completed the consultancy project of stabilizing the slope by designing the soil nail section.
I encountered the difficulty of obtaining soil strength and conducting any in-situ testing due to the
location of site.

In this project I will collect the soil samples from various locations and catalogue their strength
characteristics. I will further workout the optimum slope stabilizing technique that will help various
agencies working in this region.

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 2. Review of status of Research and Development in the subject

2.1 International Status:

I came across various research projects where a regional study is conducted with the purpose of
helping the local governmental agencies. Here is such an example: “Slope Stabilization and Repair
Solutions for Local Government Engineers” by David Saftner, Principal Investigator, Department of
Civil Engineering University of Minnesota, Duluth. Relevance of study is that for a particular region
this will provide a knowledge repository.

2.2 National Status:

Several research papers were found that were dedicated to study the slope stability of a particular
road section. Papers were arranged in reversed chronological order.

• Cut slope stability assessment along ghat road section of Kolli hills, India (2016) by S.
Anbazhagan, V. Ramesh and S. E. Saranaathan

• Dudeja, D., Bhatt, S.P. & Biyani, A.K. Stability assessment of slide zones in Lesser
Himalayan part of Yamunotri pilgrimage route, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Earth Sci 76, 54
(2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6366-y

• Slope stability analysis and mitigation measures for selected landslide sites along NH-205 in
Himachal Pradesh, India (2020) by Akhilesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar Sharma and Bikram Singh
Mehta

• Slope stability analysis of landslide zones in the part of Himalaya, Chamba, Himachal
Pradesh, India (2021) by Kanwarpreet Singh and Virender Kumar

2.3 Importance of the proposed project in the context of current status

The Char Dham All Weather Highway Development Project holds its importance due to
pilgrimage as well as because of its strategic importance. The widening of road lead to the formation
of acute slopes which eventually fail. Such instance of slope failure led to closure of roads from few
hours to several days. As a part of project soil samples from various critical locations will be
collected and evaluated. This catalogue of soil strength characteristics and along with their optimum
slope stabilizing technique will help various agencies working in this region to mitigate unstable
slopes along the 300 km highway stretch.

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 4 of 18

 The road till Mana which is last Indian village and is at border of India and China has its
strategic importance. It has to maintained for free movement of Indian Armed forces throughout the
year.

In the proposed project work the Strength Characterization of Geomaterial will be done by
testing on the Electronic Direct Shear Apparatus. The sample size will be 300 mm x 300 mm x 150
mm. None of the study so far is using the large sample. The advantage of using large sample is the
inclusion of large size of particles which will truly simulate of field condition. None have used the
bigger sieves and have excluded the particles of coarser than 4.75 mm. The sieves sizes in this project
is of range from 53 mm to 0.075 mm.

2.4 If the project is location specific, basis for selection of location be highlighted:

The focus area is related to the slope stability assessment along the route Rishikesh to
Rudraprayag (NH-58, 140 kms) and Rudraprayag to Mana Village (Badrinath) (NH-58, 160 kms).

The access to front posts of borders shared with China is of critical importance. The road till
Mana which is last Indian village and is at border of India and China has its strategic importance. It
has to maintained for free movement of Indian Armed forces throughout the year.

3. Work Plan:

3.1 Methodology:

The details of Char Dham All Weather Highway Development Project are provided in the figure
below. The widening of national highway led to the formation of acute slopes which eventually fail.
Such instance of slope failure led to closure of roads from few hours to several days.

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 5 of 18

 Fig. 2. The details of Char Dham All Weather Highway Development Project

Project Frame work

Project will be implemented in following stages:

1. Literature Review

2. Identification of critical locations on the highway route

3. Soil sample collection

4. Experimental determination of soil strength characteristics

5. LEM Software analysis of various soil stabilization alternatives

6. Compilation of report

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 6 of 18

 Identification Experimental LEM Software
of critical determination analysis of
Literature Soil sample Compilation
locations on of soil various soil
review collection of report
the highway strength stabilization
route characteristics alternatives

Fig. 3. The Project Framework

The project sites

The focus area is related to the slope stability assessment along the route Rishikesh to Rudraprayag
(NH-58, 140 kms) and Rudraprayag to Mana Village (Badrinath) (NH-58, 160 kms). The critical
locations will be identified by travelling along the entire route in stages.

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 7 of 18

 Fig. 4. Project focus area along the NH-58 (Rishikesh to Mana)

The methodology is straightforward. After identification of the critical sections in the 300
kms stretch of highway, the collection of soil samples from the locations is planned. The soil samples
will be subjected to sieve analysis and then the strength characteristics will be investigated by
conducting experimental studies in Electronic Direct Shear Apparatus.

Then the slope stability will be calculated by using LEM software. Evaluation of various
slope stabilization solutions will include: Gravity wall, Retaining wall, Gabions, MSE wall, Soil
nails, Rock bolts. Parametric study of various slope stabilization solutions will be conducted with the
help of analysis software based on Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM).

Finally, a report containing easy-to-understand guide, will be prepared for maintaining slopes in
safe in conditions.

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 8 of 18

 3.2 Time Schedule of activities giving milestones through BAR diagram.

1st Year 2nd Year

Description of Activity
Q 1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Literature Review

Procurement and Installation of Equipment

Procurement of Software

Identification of Critical Location along 300

km Highway (Site Visit and Sample
Collection)

Laboratory Investigation for Strength

Characteristics

Evaluation and Parametric Studies on various

alternatives of Soil Stabilization Techniques

Compilation of all the results

3.3 Suggested Plan of action for utilization of research outcome expected from the project.

The output of the project will be shared with various governmental agencies which are In-charge of
various types construction activities in the region like residential projects, transportation projects.
The outcome will be the knowledge complied in the report as many
Executives/Planners/Supervisors lack extensive geotechnical engineering experience. They will
know the safe slope angles and the optimum Slope Stabilization Solutions suitable for any
particular geomaterial at site and prevailing geotechnical condition.

3.4 Environmental impact assessment and risk analysis.

NA

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 9 of 18

4. Expertise:

4.1 Expertise available with the investigators in executing the project:

Dr. Sareesh Chandrawanshi, PI, completed his Ph.D. (2018) as well as M. Tech (2013) from the
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal. The thesis work accomplished at both the
Post-graduate level and Doctorate level is in the area of ground improvement techniques. PI is
currently working as an Assistant Professor (selected in current position in year 2019) in the
Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri
(Garhwal), Uttarakhand. PI has extensive experience working in the geotechnical engineering with
a good publication record. His interest and teaching comprise of subjects: Soil Exploration, Slope
Stability Analysis and Ground Improvement Techniques. He has completed one consultancy project
“Protection work of hill side behind the four-occupancy block for Rastriya Sanskrit Sansthan at
Devprayag, Pauri.”, funded by CPWD (stabilized two sections with different configuration of Soil
Nails). He has successfully completed 2 research projects, and has one ongoing research projects
which is near completion.

4.2 Summary of roles/responsibilities for all Investigators:

Name of the Investigators Roles/Responsibilities

Dr. Sareesh Chandrawanshi • Doing the extensive Literature Review

(PI)
• Identification for appropriate Lab Equipment and
its procurement

• Identification for appropriate LEM Software and

using it for modelling

• Identification of Critical Location and visit them

for sample collection

• Parametric Studies on various alternatives of Soil

Stabilization Techniques

• Compilation of the report

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 10 of 18

 4.3 Key publications published by the Investigators pertaining to the theme of theproposal
during the last 5 years

NA

4.4 Bibliography

• Kumar, Akhilesh & Sharma, Ravi & Mehta, B.. (2020). Slope stability analysis and
mitigation measures for selected landslide sites along NH-205 in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Journal of Earth System Science. 129. 10.1007/s12040-020-01396-y.

• Anbazhagan, S., Ramesh, V. & Saranaathan, S.E. Cut slope stability assessment along ghat
road section of Kolli hills, India. Nat Hazards 86, 1081–1104 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2731-0

• Singh, K., Kumar, V. Slope stability analysis of landslide zones in the part of Himalaya,
Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 80, 332 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09629 -z

• Saftner, David; Carranza-Torres, Carlos; Nelson, Mitchell. (2017). Slope Stabilization and
Repair Solutions for Local Government Engineers. Minnesota Department of
Transportation. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy,
https://hdl.handle.net/11299/189537

• Dudeja, D., Bhatt, S.P. & Biyani, A.K. Stability assessment of slide zones in Lesser
Himalayan part of Yamunotri pilgrimage route, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Earth Sci 76, 54
(2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6366-y

5. List of Projects submitted/implemented by the Investigators

Details of Dr. Sareesh Chandrawanshi, PI of this project:

5.1 Details of Projects submitted to various funding agencies:

S. No Title Cost in Lakh Month of Role as PI/Co- PI Agency Status

submission

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 11 of 18

 5.2 Details of Projects under implementation

S. No Title Cost in Duration Role as Agency

Lakh PI/Co-PI

1. Parametric studies for selecting solid 3.00 2 years Co-PI SPIU

waste disposal site and designing in hilly Uttarakhand
areas

5.3 Details of Projects completed during the last 5 years

S. No Title Cost in Duration Role as Agency

Lakh PI/Co-PI

1. Modification of the Engineering Properties of 19.80 2 years Co-PI NPIU

Expansive Soil by using Waste Materials

2. Suitability of Geosynthetic Clay Liners based on 12.11 2 years Co-PI NPIU

Hydraulic Conductivity for various types of
Leachates

6. List of facilities being extended by parent institution(s) for the

projectimplementation.

6.1 Infrastructural Facilities

Sr. No. Infrastructural Facility Yes/No/ Not required Full

or sharing basis

1. Workshop Facility Yes

2. Water & Electricity Yes

3. Laboratory Space/ Furniture Yes

4. Power Generator No.

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 12 of 18

 5. AC Room or AC No.

6. Telecommunication including e-mail & fax Yes

7. Transportation Yes

8. Administrative/ Secretarial support Yes

9. Information facilities like Internet/Library Yes

10. Computational facilities Yes

11. Animal/Glass House No.

12. Any other special facility being provided No

6.2 Equipment available with the Institute/ Group/ Department/Other Institutes

forthe project:

Equipment Generic Name Model, Make & Remarks including accessories

available of Equipment year of purchase available andcurrent usage of

With Institute equipment

PI's Fully functional Geotechnical Laboratory which caters to the need of graduation
level students. The equipment which will be used from the laboratory include:
Oven, Weighing scales, Hammers, Tools for soil sample collection.

7. Name and address of experts/ institution interested in the subject / outcome of

theproject.

• Central Public Works Department, Government of India

• National Highways Authority of India, Government of India

• Public Works Department, Government of Uttarakhand

8. Previous Projects Details (If Any)

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 13 of 18

Previously provided in 5.2 and 5.3

S. Project PI Name CO-PI Amount Status Date Of Date Of Funding

Title Start Completion Agency
No Name

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 14 of 18

 Budget Details
Institution wise Budget Breakup :

Budget Head G.B. Pant Engineering College Total

Consumables 40,000 40,000

Travel 1,50,000 1,50,000

Equipment 18,47,880 18,47,880

Contingencies 1,00,000 1,00,000

Other cost 50,000 50,000

Overhead 1,00,000 1,00,000

Total 22,87,880 22,87,880

Institute Name : G.B. Pant Engineering College

Year Wise Budget Summary (Amount in INR) :
Budget Head Year-1 Year-2 Total

Consumables 20,000 20,000 40,000

Travel 1,00,000 50,000 1,50,000

Equipments 18,47,880 0 18,47,880

Contingencies 50,000 50,000 1,00,000

Other cost 25,000 25,000 50,000

Overhead 50,000 50,000 1,00,000

Grand Total 20,92,880 1,95,000 22,87,880

Consumable Budget Detail (Amount in INR) :

Justification Year-1 Year-2 Total

This would refer to the costs of photocopying, printing,
pencils, pens, pads of paper, markers, postage, computer 20,000 20,000 40,000
supplies, etc.

Travel Budget Detail (Amount in INR) :

Justification (Inland Travel) Year-1 Year-2 Total

Several field visits are required for critical location selection
and then for soil sample collection. In hilly areas the cost of 1,00,000 50,000 1,50,000
hiring a vehicle is more than in the plains.

Equipment Budget Detail (Amount in INR) :

Generic Name ,Model No. , (Make)/ Justification Quantity Spare time Estimated Cost
Sieves
Accessory to HE-SPL (HEICO) 1 50 % 1,53,400
Sieves were made of M.S. Steel G.I. Frame. Perforation plate 53
mm, 40 mm, 36.5 mm, 27.5 mm, 25 mm, 19 mm, 13.2 mm,
12.5 mm, 10 mm, 9.5 mm, 10 mm, 9.5 mm, 6 mm, 4.75 mm lid
and pan
Electronic Direct Shear Apparatus
HS24.520 (HEICO) 1 25 % 9,14,500
This is required for Laboratory testing for strength
characteristics of the soils/loose rocks. The sample size of this
equipment is 300 mm x 300 mm x 150 mm. The advantage of
using large sample is the inclusion of large size of particles
which will truly simulate of field condition.
Heavy Duty Sieve Shaker
HE-SPL (HEICO) 1 50 % 6,50,180
This sieve shaker is heavy duty and is suitable for rectangular
sieves. A lot of soil sample will be tested and since large
particles are present a heavy duty machine is required.
Sieves
Accessory to HE-SPL (HEICO) 1 50 % 1,29,800
Wire Mesh (Rectangular shape) 2.36 mm, 1.70 mm, 1.18 mm,
0.600 mm, 0.425 mm, 0.300 mm, 0.150 mm and 0.075 mm, lid
and pan

Contingency Budget Detail (Amount in INR) :

Justification Year-1 Year-2 Total

For unidentified situation encountered during the project 50,000 50,000 1,00,000

Overhead Budget Detail (Amount in INR) :

Justification Year-1 Year-2 Total

Maintenance of Instruments 50,000 50,000 1,00,000

Other Budget Detail (Amount in INR) :

Description/Justification Year-1 Year-2 Total

Laboratory, electricity, water, library and other
facilities 25,000 25,000 50,000
Cost of using the utilities

Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 15 of 18

 PROFORMA FOR BIO-DATA

1. Name and full correspondence address:

Name: Dr. Sareesh Chandrawanshi
Full correspondence address: Cabin G-08, Civil Engineering Department,
Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology
Pauri Garhwal, 246194 Uttarakhand
2. Email(s) and contact number(s)
Email: sareesh23@gmail.com
contact number: +91-9827063045
3. Institution
Institution: Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology
Pauri Garhwal, 246194 Uttarakhand
4. Date of Birth – 23/05/1986
5. Gender (M/F/T) - Male
6. Category Gen/SC/ST/OBC - General
7. Whether differently abled (Yes/No) - No
8. Academic Qualification (Undergraduate Onwards)
S. Degree Year Subject University/Institution % of marks
No.
1. B. E. 2007 Civil Samrat Ashok Technological 75.91
Engineering Institute, Vidisha
2. M. Tech. 2013 Geotechnical Maulana Azad National Institute of 8.8
Engineering Technology, Bhopal
3. Ph. D. 2018 Civil Maulana Azad National Institute of -
Engineering Technology, Bhopal

9. Ph.D thesis title, Guide’s Name, Institute/Organization/University, Year of Award.

Ph.D thesis title: Settlement Behaviour of Very Soft Soil Reinforced with Stone Columns: An
Experimental Study
Guide’s Name: Dr. Rakesh Kumar and Dr. P. K. Jain
Institute/Organization/University: Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal
Year of Award: 2018
10. Work experience (in chronological order).
S. Positions Name of the From To Pay Scale
No. held Institute
1. Assistant Govind Ballabh Pant 24-05-2019 Till date Level 10 Cell 9 (Basic
Professor Institute of Engineering Pay-73,000)
and Technology
Pauri Garhwal,
2. Assistant Samrat Ashok 03-01-2018 21-05- 70,000 Consolidated
Professor Technological Institute, 2019 Salary
Vidisha
Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 16 of 18
11. Professional Recognition/ Award/ Prize/ Certificate, Fellowship received by the applicant.
S.No. Name of Award Awarding Agency Year
1. MHRD Scholarship for Ph.D. MHRD, New Delhi 2011-2013
2. MHRD Scholarship for M.Tech. MHRD, New Delhi 2014-2018

12. Publications (List of papers published in SCI Journals, in year wise descending order).
S.No. Author(s) Title Name of Journal Volume Page Year

SCOPUS Journals (Author Scopus ID: 0000-0003-4917-9251)

S.No. Author(s) Title Name of Journal Volume Page Year
1 Chandrawans Effect on settlement International Journal 8(6) 99- 2017
hi, S., reduction due to method of of Civil Engineering 108
Kumar, R., construction of stone and Technology
Jain, column: An experimental
P.K. small scale study
2 Chandrawans Settlement characteristics International Journal 8(5) 937- 2017
hi, S., of soft clay reinforced with of Civil Engineering 948
Kumar, R., stone column: An and Technology
Jain, experimental small-scale
P.K. study
3 Chandrawans Bearing pressure and Electronic Journal of 21(25) 10081 2016
hi, S., settlement analysis of soft Geotechnical -
Kumar, R., ground reinforced with Engineering 10094
Rokade, stone columns
S., Jain, P.K.

13. Detail of patents.

S.No Patent Title Name of Applicant(s) Patent No. Award Date Agency/ Status
Country

14. Books/Reports/Chapters/General articles etc.

S.No Title Author’s Name Publisher Year of Publication

15. Any other Information (maximum 500 words)

Sponsored Research Projects
S. Sponsoring Title of the Project Amount Principal Status
No Agency Investigator / (Completed/
Co- Ongoing)
Investigator
1. National Project Modification of the 1980000 Co- Completed
Implementation Engineering Properties of Investigator
Unit Expansive Soil by using
Waste Materials
2. National Project Suitability of Geosynthetic 1211000 Co- Completed
Implementation Clay Liners based on Investigator
Unit Hydraulic Conductivity for
Ref No. : 132022002911 | Page 17 of 18
 various types of Leachates
3. SPIU Parametric studies for 300000 Co- Completed
Uttarakhand selecting solid waste Investigator
disposal site and designing
in hilly areas

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