CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN )

Câu điều kiện gồm 2 mệnh đề :
1. Mệnh đề if (if / unless clause) : Nêu lên điều kiện
2. Mệnh đề chính (main clause ) : Dẫn đến kết quả
Mệnh đề if / unless có thể đứng trước hoặc đứng mệnh đề chính . Nếu Mệnh đề if / unless
đứng trước thì phải có dấu phảy ngăn cách giữa 2 mệnh đề.
Ex: If it rains , I’ll stay at home. = I’ll stay at home if it rains.

TYPE 1 ( real conditional sentence ): Diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
If clause Main clause

If + S + V1/ Vs,es ………….. , S + shall / will + V1

don’t / doesn’t + V1 …, shall not / won’t + V1
to be : am / is / are
to have : have / has / don’t have /
doesn’t have

Examples
1. If I ( have ) ………………. time , I ( visit ) ………………….. ….you.
2. If we ( try ) ……………… hard , we ( pass ) ……………….. …the exam.
3. If you ( not work ) ……………….., you ( get ) ……………….. …no money.

UNLESS = IF …… NOT : NẾU ….. KHÔNG

If + ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA PHỦ ĐỊNH -> UNLESS + ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA KHẲNG ĐỊNH
Ex : If you don’t study hard , you’ll fail the exam.
-> Unless you study hard , you’ll fail the exam.

TYPE 2 ( present unreal condition): Điều kiện ko thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

If clause Main clause

If + S + Ved / V2………….. , S+ would + V1

Didn’t + V1 …….. , could + V1
to be : were ( not ) : ở tất cả các ngôi might + V1
to have : had / didn’t have

Examples
If they ( go ) went by plane , they ( get ) ………………there in two hours.
If I ( be ) were you, I ( buy ) ……………………..the book.
If I ( have ) had money. I ( travel ) ……………………… abroad.

EXERCISE 1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE : TYPE 1.

 1. If it rains this evening , I (not go ) won’t go out .
2. Lan (miss) will miss the bus if she doesn’t hurry.
3. If Ha (not be)isn’t careful , he will drop the cup.
4. Mrs. Nga (join) will join us if she finishes her work early.
5. If Mrs Binh writes a shopping list , she (not forget ) won’t forget what to buy.
6. If I see him I (give) will give a lift.
7. If he (eat) eaten all that , he will be ill.
8. If I find your passport I (telephone ) telephoned you at once.
9. If he (read) reads in bad light he will ruin his eyes .
10. Someone (steal) will steal your car if you leave it unlocked .
EXERCISE 2. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE : TYPE 2.

1. If you (see) seen a UFO , what would you do?

2. If Ba (be) were rich , he would travel around the world.
3. If Mr Loc (have ) had a car , he would drive to work.
4. If Lan lived in HCM city , he (visit) Saigon Water Park.
5. Nam would arrive on time , if he (have ) had an alarm clock
6. If Nga (own) owned a piano , she would play well.
7. Tuan (get) would get better grades if he studied harder.
8. If I had a typewriter, I (type) would it myself.
9. If I (know) knowed his address, I ‘d give it to you.
10. If he worked more slowly he (not make) wouldn’t make so many mistakes .

EXERCISE 3 : REWRITE SENTENCES

1. Unless you try your best, your dream will never come true.
-> If
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Unless she came early, she would miss the train.
If
…………………………………………………………………..............................................
3. You will catch a bad cold unless you keep your feet dry.
->You will catch a bad cold if
…………………………………………………………………
4. You come to the airport 15 minutes late. You miss the flight.
->If you
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Save your money or you will not be able to buy the house .
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Do it carefully or you will feel sorry afterwards.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. If we don’t leave now , we’ll miss the start of the film.
-> Unless ………………………………………………………………………………………
8. He’ll be cold if he doesn’t wear his raincoat.
-> Unless ………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I won’t go to school unless I feel better.
 -> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. The weather is too cold so they can’t go swimming.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. She is too old so she can’t apply for the job.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. I think you should play sports to keep fit.
-> If you………………………………………….....................................................................
13. I don’t have enough time so we won’t visit them.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. You work too fast so you make many mistakes.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. He smokes too much , that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. Go out more often , or you’ll fall ill.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Be careful or you’ll fall off your bike .
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. Most of the students fall asleep because the lecture is very boring.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. I can’t write to you if you don’t give me your address.
-> Unless ………………………………………………………………………………………
20. I can’t buy the house because it is too expensive.
-> If …………………………………………………………………………………………….
EXERCISE 4: Make Conditional Sentences According To The Facts Provided.
1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Because you don’t leave immediately, I call a policeman.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Today isn’t Sunday, so the students can’t go swimming.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. This chair is too heavy for him to move.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. The church bells keep me from sleeping.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Morning exercises make me feel better.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
12. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. The fridge keeps the food from spoiling.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. Why don’t you study hard ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. Why don’t you stop smoking ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. Be careful, or you’ll cut yourself with that knife.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Be calm, or you’ll make a wrong decision.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. Without the air, we would die.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. Without the sun, man would live in the darkness.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. Smoking makes him so weak.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. It is very cold, so we can’t go swimming.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
22. Don’t be impatient, or you will make regrettable mistakes.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………