Flowchart and algorithm

Source from: SLIDESHARE.COM

Problem Solving
1. In order to solve any problem by using computer, it is very imperative to
 Detail the precise problem
 Itemizing the configuration

2. The process of solving the problem is known as the “Problem analysis”.

PROBLEM SOLVING STAGES

A problem solving process consists of eight stages as:

Defining the problem

Algorithm
Flowchart
Coding
Input Preparation
Compilation
Debugging
Testing

DEFINING THE PROBLEM

1. This step has a great importance in obtaining the correct solution of the
problem.

2. The solution of the problem depends upon the description and

understanding the problem.

3. This requires analysis of the problem to find the nature of the problem
analysis of the input data and planning of the output result.
4. This step achieves following goals

Defining the Problem

 Problem description
 Determination of the objective
 Analysis of the input data
 Planning of output
 ALGORITHM

Series of procedural steps required to solve a given problem is called an

algorithm.

The construction of the algorithm is the stage which requires steps or operations
which collectively solve 'a given problem.

An algorithm usually is in ordinary English language and use some mathematical

symbols, if it is possible to solve a given problem in more than one ways.

The choice of particular algorithm depends upon various such as its reliability,
accuracy and ease of modification.

One of the most important factor in the choice of an algorithm is the time
requirement to execute it (after it in high level language) with the help of
computer.

The algorithm which will least time when executed by a computer is considered
the best.

EXAMPLE 01

Write an algorithm to print given roll number and name.

 Step 1: Enter Roll number.

 Step 2: Enter Name
 Step 3: Print Roll number
 Step 4: Print name
 Step 5: Stop

EXAMPLE 02

Write an algorithm to print the first ten natural numbers.

 Step-I: Select a counter A .

 Step-2: Initialize A as zero
 Step-3: Add 1 to A
 Step-4: Print A
 Step-5: If A <10 then go to step-3
 Step-6: Stop

1.
 EXAMPLE 3

1. Write an algorithm to print the greatest number from two given numbers.

 Step-I: Enter two numbers as A and B

 Step-2: If A > B then Print A and go to step 4
 Step-3: Print B
 Step-4: Stop

EXAMPLE 4

2.Write an algorithm to print a table of a given number

o Step-1: Select two counters as B and C

o Step-2: Initialize the counters B and C as zero
o Step-3: Enter a, number of table as A
o Step-4: Add 1 to B 
o Step-5: Multiply A to B and assign the result to C
o Step-6: Print A; B and C
o Step-7: Check the value of B; If B<1O then go to step-4
o Step-8: Stop

EXAMPLE 05

Write-an algorithm to print square and cubes from 1 to 5

 Step-1: Select the counter A, B and C

 Step-2: Initialize B and C as zero
 Step-3: Initialize A as 1
 Step-4: Calculate B as A*A
 Step-5: Calculate C as A*A*A
 Step-6: Print A, B, and C.
 Step-7: Add 1 to A
 Step-8: Check the value of A; if A < 5 then go to step-3
 Step-9: Stop

FLOWCHART

A flowchart is a pictorial representation of the steps of a involved in the

procedure of solving any problem.
The first formal flowchart was designed by John Von Neumann‘.

A flowchart is drawn before the program in written to ensure the instructions will
be logically integrated.
A flowchart is not a complete program but It is an aid to programming.
 There are two types of flowchart

Which are:

System Flowchart

Program Flowchart

A system flowchart shows the flow of data throughout a data process as well as
the flow into and out system. The system analyst will use such a design and to
explain a data processing system.

Program flowchart is a pictorial representation of the method and sequence, to

be followed for solving a particular problem.

 There are several sets of the symbols, which are standardized by

American National Standard Institute International Standard Organization
(ISO) to draw the flowchart.
 Most commonly used symbols are Oval, Parallelogram, Rectangle,
Diamond, Arrows, Connectors.

1. OVAL

This ‘symbol' is used for beginning or end of a flowchart. Therefore, it is also

named as “TERMINAL.
 2. PARALLELOGRAM:

1. This symbol is used for transfer of data between Central Processing Unit
(CPU) output devices.
2. In the simple words we can say this symbol is used to represent and
output operations.
3. Therefore, it is also known as INPUT/OUTPUT box.
4. INPUT/ OUTPUT

3. RECTANGLE

1. RECTANGLE:
2. This symbol is used to represent
any arithmetic operation or
transfer of data.

3. This symbol is also known as PROCESS box.

EXAMPLE 1
 ACTIVITY

ANSWER THE ACTIVITY

-THANK YOU-