ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEP50063: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

EXPERIMENT NUMBER : 3A
TITTLE OF EXPERIMENT : Base Transceiver Station (BTS) - Apps

PROGRAMME : DEP5__

NO REGISTRATION
STUDENTS NAME
. NUMBER
1.

2.

3.

4.

NO. LECTURERS NAME

1.

2.

PRACTICAL SKILL ASSESSMENT (CLO2/PLO5/P4)

ITEMS VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR WEAK VERY WEAK MARKS
Able to measuring and Able to identify <70 Able to identify <50 of Difficult identify the Difficult identify the
A. RESULT identify all of the and >50 of the the characteristics characteristics characteristics
characteristics characteristics correctly correctly. correctly.
correctly correctly

❑ X 60 %
5 5 4 3 2 1 / 60

Students discussed Students discussed Students discussed Students discussed a Students discussed
the process and most of the process half of the process and few of the process and the process and
practical results and practical results practical results practical results practical results but
B. DISCUSSION related to the theory related to the theory related to the theory related to the theory NOT related to the
learned. learned. learned. learned. theory learned.

❑ X 20 %
5 5 4 3 2 1 / 20

Able to justify and Either able to justify or Achieve experiment Achieve experiment Achieve experiment
C. CONCLUSION relate experiment relate the experiment objective but unable objective but unable objective but unable
& REFLECTION result/observation result/observation to justify or relate the to justify the to justify the
with theory, and with theory, and experiment result/ experiment result/ experiment result/
achieve experiment achieve experiment observation correctly observation with observation with
❑ X 15 % objective. objective. with theory. theory theory
5
5 4 3 2 1 / 15

Excellent use of Good use of the Appropriate use of Limited use of the Not able to use
references references references references references
D. REFERENCES
5 4 3 2 1 /5

TOTAL
PIS | JKE DEP50063 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATION | PW3A

TITLE : CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (Base Transceiver Station - BTS)

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO):

CLO2: Assemble the related wireless communication equipment systematically in
performing the assigned practical work ( P4 , PLO 5 )

OUTCOMES:
Upon completion the experiment, students should be able to:
1. Identifies the nearby of Cell Tower/BTS which serve the network ( P1 )
2. Locates the position Cell ID (CID) and Location Area Code (LAC) for a BTS ( P2 )

EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS:
1. Smartphone
2. Mobile Apps (Open Signal / Network Cell Info / Network Signal Info / Cell Coverage Map)

THEORY:

A Base Station (BS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication

between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones
computers with wireless internet connectivity and others. The network can be that of any of the
wireless communition technologies like GSM, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX or other wide area network (WAN)
technology. BS is also referred to as the  Base Transceiver Station  (BTS) or Radio Base Station (RBS)
in 2G), the node B (in 3G Networks), evolved Node B (eNodeB for 4G).

The term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards, it is

generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a
BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may
also have equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band
pass filters), etc. antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they
facilitate the functioning of BTS. Typically a BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to
serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base
stations). A BTS is controlled by a parent base station controller via the base station control function
(BSC). The BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base
stations. The BCF provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the network
management system (NMS), and manages operational states of each TRX, as well
as software handling and alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the
same regardless of the wireless technologies.

A GSM Cell ID (CID) is a generally unique number used to identify each base transceiver station (BTS)
or sector of a BTS within a location area code (LAC) if not within a GSM network.
In some cases the first or last digit of CID represents cells' Sector ID:
 value 0 is used for omnidirectional antenna,
 values 1, 2, 3 are used to identify sectors of tri-sector or bisector antennas.
 In UMTS, there is a distinction between Cell ID (CID) and UTRAN Cell ID (also called LCID). The
UTRAN Cell ID (LCID) is a concatenation of the RNC-ID (12 bits, ID of the  Radio Network Controller)
and Cell ID (16 bits, unique ID of the Cell). CID is just the Cell ID. The concatenation of both will still
be unique but can be confusing in some cellid databases as some store the CID and other store LCID.
It makes sense to record them separately as the RNC ID is the same for many cells, the unique
element is the CID

PROCEDURES :

1. Install OpenSignal / Network Cell Info Applications .

[ You may use any apps suit with this experiment’s objective. The procedures may vary
depends on your apps.]

2. Open an OpenSignal, a page with a compass will appear to check a position of BTS/Cell
Tower which is connected/served by your network. Move on left or right position to check
the BTS/Cell Tower. Observe your BTS/Cell Tower position and PRINT SCREEN the page as
your result and record the nearby tower from the Dashboard page.

Compass

Cell Towers
3. Turn ON your GPS and DATA PLAN, click CELL TOWER on Dashboard, the maps will show the
nearby towers in your location area. Click on the CELL TOWER/BTS and record your
observation on Result Table then PRINT SCREEN the CELL TOWERS page.

Click to check
List of nearby
cell tower

4. Repeat procedure 3 to check the other information for the nearby Cell Tower/BTS.
Record your data on Result Table.

5. On the same page (CELL TOWERS), click the to check the lists of cell towers and
the cell tower connected with your mobile. Record your result by Print Screen the CELL
TOWERS LIST.
6. Click on COVERAGE , check for 2G/3G coverage for your nearby location. Print
SCREEN your coverage.
 Select 2G/3G
Type: or 4G
[your
Politeknik]

Eg:
Politeknik
Mukah

7. Repeat procedure 6, check for 4G coverage for your nearby location , click
view Network Stats. PRINT SCREEN your coverage.

RESULTS 1

Table 1

Location Cell Tower (Name) Cell ID Location

Area Code
(LAC)

EXAMPLE:
-RBS real Picture

13510539 2061
CELCOM CELL TOWER

-whole picture and RBS name

RBS Jalan Kelisa

13831453 21111

Total distance: 824.27 meters

13852944

Total distance: 600.91 meters

63922
 Total distance: 591.21 meters

13831568

Total distance:1.05 kilometers

13831463

Total distance: 1.55kilometers

RESULT 2
PRINT SCREEN FOR:

i. Dashboard with compass to show the position of CELL TOWER/BTS.

ii. Cell Tower with information for each location (6 location area).
iii. Cell Tower Lists to show the nearby tower.
iv. Coverage for 2G/3G/4G Network Stats for all operators.

(60 marks)

DISCUSSION:
:

 Discuss BTS/Cell Tower, Cell ID and LAC for each Cell Tower/BTS.
 Discuss function for Cell ID and LAC for the Cell Tower/BTS. Why some of the Cell
Tower/BTS have same LAC?
 Discuss 2G/3G and 4G coverage for your area.
 Analysis of the results and relationship with the objective outcomes.

(20 marks)

CONCLUSION & REFLECTION:

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(15 marks)

REFERENCES:
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(5 marks)
 Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

JPH
JPA
JMSK
DTL

MASJID

JRKV JKE JKM

HOSTELS
EXPERIMENT REPORT:
How To Write A Lab Report

The technical report should comprise the following parts in the given order:

1. Title
2. Objectives : What do you need to know?
3. Mobile Equipment (picture and brand name)
4. Introduction, Theoretical Background and Terms & Definition : What did you do?
5. Procedures (details depends how you do the step by step) : How did you do it?
6. Results (table) : What do you get?
7. Questions
8. Discussion (Analysis of the results and relationship with the objectives ) : What
happened?
9. Conclusion & Reflection (Summary of the experimental and achievement of the
objectives): What is your goal?
10. References