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Science Chapter 5 Genetic
Science Chapter 5 Genetic
bebenang halus
Fine thread-like
nukleotida
nucleotides
heliks ganda dua
double helix
pewarisan
inheritance
Autosom/ Autosomes
kehadiran lesung pipit
presence of dimples
kromosom X
kromosom seks/ sex chromosomes
X chromosome
Kariotip / Karyotype
Perempuan / Female
kromosom Sex
menebal
thicken
kromatid
chromatids
Gentiang gelondong
Spindle fibre
Membran nukleus
Nuclear membrances
sentromer
centromere kutub
sel bertentangan
Satah khatulistiwa
equatorial plate
opposite pole of the cell
sitoplasma
cytoplasm
mengilang
disappear sel anak
daughter cells
nukleolus
nucleolus
Profasa I / prophase I Metafasa I / Metaphase I
menebal
equatorial plate
kromosom homolog
homologous Chromosome
pindah silang
crossing over
berpisah sitoplasm
cytoplasm
separates
Empat
Dua four
two
sama seperti sel induk Separuh daripada bilangan
dalam sel induk
identical to parent cell
different from parent cell
sama dengan sel induk
berbeza daripada sel induk
identical to parent cell
different from parent cell
tidak berlaku berlaku
does not occur occur
ya
tidak
yes
no
pertumbuhan gamet
growth gametes
menggantikan variasi
replace variation
membahagi
tidak terkawal
devide
uncontrollably
Alel / Allele
dominan
alel dominan
dominant
dominant allele
A, B a, b
R D R D
R R r r
Rr Rr Rr Rr
R r R r
RR Rr Rr rr 3 bunga merah :
1 bunga putih
bunga merah bunga merah bunga merah bunga putih 3 red flower
red flower red flower red flower white flower 1 white flower
K K k k
Kk Kk Kk Kk
44 + XY 44 + XX
spontan rawak
ciri
spontaneously randomly
characteristic
kimia
bilangan struktur
chemical number
structure
Melahirkan anak sebelum berumur 35 tahun / have children before 35 years old
tidak memakan makanan yang mengandungi kersinogen seperti daging yang diproses dan minimum berakohol
Do not eat foods containing carcinogens such as processed meat and alcoholic beverages
Elakkan pendedahan kepada sinaran radioaktif seperti sinar -X/ Avoid exposure to radioactive ray such as Xrays.
X^A Y X^a X^a
kaedah amniosentesis dan kaedah kariotip / amniocentesis method and karyotype method
pengubahsuaian genetik sesuatu organisma/ genetic modification of an organism
perbezaan sama
difference same
1 5 12 8 3
7 4 2
Number of students
bilangan murid
15
10
number of students
15
10
body
mass (kg)
155 - 159 cm
50-54 kg
tidak / no
selanjar
continuous
33 9
number of students
30
20
10
0 kebolehan
boleh tidak boleh
able unable menggulung
lidah
ability to roll the
tongue
ya/ yes
tak selanjar
discontinuous
persenyawaan secara rawak
pindah silang semasa random fertilisation
meiosis pH
crossing over during meiosis iklim
climate
perubahan persekitaran
kepupusan
environment changes extinction
natural selection
nilai tambah
added value
penyamaran
disguise
2 4 9 6
3
Kromosom / chromosome
46
Mutasi / mutation
menghasilkan sel baharu untuk menggantikan sel yang mati atau rosak
Produces new cells to replace dead or worn-out cells
Menghasilkan sel baharu untuk untuk pertumbuhan
produces new cells to replace dead or worn-out cells