APPENDIX A
Henceforth, it cannot be
BASIC ASSUMPTION OF ARTS (Leano, R. and Agtani,
J., 2018)
Assumption is a thing that is accepted as true
or as certain to happen, without proof. It is
something that you accept as true without question
or proof. Many assumption has been written about
arts and some of these are:
A. Art has been created by all people at all times, in
all countries and it lives because its well-liked and
enjoyed. Naturally, arts linger on particularly if it is
popular and loved by the people. Example, the works
and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal and the movie, The Ten
Commandments.
B. Art involves experience. In order to experience
something, you have to make use of your five senses.
There can never be appreciation of art without having
experienced it.
C. Art is not nature. Nature is not art. Art is made by
man and nature by God. However, nature can be
enhanced by man. The enhanced beauty and artistry
of nature, then, can be classified as an art.
D. Art is cultural. Art is a work of humans and
anything that has been created by humans is part of
culture. Art becomes cultural when it depicts people's
way of life, religious practices, mores and traditions,
etc.
E. Art is a form of creation. Art is something that is
created with imagination and skill that is beautiful or
that expresses important ideas or feelings (Meriam
Webster). As it is said, human is the creator of art. No
art can be created without human which, in turn,
uses his/her imagination and creativity to produce
art. According to the world's most basic definition, an
artist is simply a person who creates art.
F. Art is subjective.
measured by its significance or the level of skill with
which it is created. It's subjective nature makes art's
only measurable quality is whether or not it exists.
Example "beauty is the eye of the beholder"
meaning, every individual has his/her own perception
and/or interpretation about the subject. It would
never be the same for every individual.
APPENDIX B
THE NATURE OF ART
1. Art is a diverse range of human activities in
creating visual, auditory or performing art works
expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill,
intended to be appreciated for their beauty or
expressional power. In their most general form these
activities include the production of works of art, the
criticism of art, the study of history of art, and
aesthetic written dissemination of art.
2. Art represents reality. Representation is the use of
signs that stand in for and take the place of
something else. It is through representation that
people organize the world and reality through the act
of naming its elements. Signs are arranged in order to
form semantic constructions and expressed relations.
Art represents reality, since it is often depicting
objects or scenes from the world. An artwork can
depict a scene such as cafe or restaurant, or a park or
garden. So, there is a sense in which art represents
the mind the mind's eye or what the imagination
perceives.
3. Art is an expression. The expression containing the
form is an attempt to translate the unnamed and the
unknown. Intrinsic to our existence as humans is our
quest to create meaning, and art allows the process
to take place. Making meaning involves
understanding our its surroundings and marking our
experiences.
4. Art serves as the means of communication of
emotion. The purpose of works of art may be
communicate political, spiritual, or philosophical
ideas, to create a sense of beauty, to explore the
nature of perception, for pleasure, or to generate
strong emotions. Art is an act of expressing feelings,
thoughts, and observation of human conditions. A
fundamental purpose common to most art forms is
the underlying intention to appeal to, and connect
with, human emotion.
5. Art matters. the arts matter because they allow us
to express ourselves and illustrate the world around
us in a different light, helping us to gain
understanding of people and society, and give hope
while living in this world. Art matters because it
illustrates the human experiences.
6. Art is universal. Literally, art can be found in every
corner of the world. Art is everywhere and it is
embedded into the way of life of the people.
Exclusivity is out of bounds when we speak of arts
because because it is for everyone. Art is that true
Esperanto, an article international language, the one
form of culture that is genuinely beyond national
limitations. Art knows no barriers; not even language
is a barrier in understanding it. Example foreign arts
are displayed in museums throughout the world,
paintings such as the Mona Lisa Sistine Chapel, and
photos of well-known places medley viewed we have
also some foreign performers performing in the
country.
7. Art is creation. It is the combination of already
existing materials elements into new forms which
become the realization of a preconceived idea. Both
hut and picture rose in the imagination of their
makers before they took shape of things. The
material of each was given already in nature; but the
form, as the maker fashioned it, was new. In its
essence and widest compass art is the making of a
new thing in response to a sense of need. The very
need itself creates, working through man as its agent.
APPENDIX C
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART (Yagyagan, Daniel, et. al.,
1986
Art has a great number of different functions
throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to
abstract or quantify to a single concept. This does not
imply that the purpose of art is "vague" but that is
has had many unique, different reasons for being
created. Some of the functions of art maybe grouped
according to those which are non-motivated and
those which are motivated.
Non-motivated Functions of Art
The non-motivated purposes of art are those that are
integral to being human transcend the individual or
do not fulfill a specific external purpose. Aristotle has
said, "Imitation, then, is one instinct of nature". In
this sense, art, as creativity is something that humans
must do by their very nature (i.e. no other species
creates art) and is therefore beyond utility.
Naturally, individuals had this basic human
instinct for harmony, balance and rhythm. And art at
this level is neither an action nor an object, rather an
internal appreciation of balance and harmony
(beauty) and therefore an aspect of being beyond
utility.
-"Imitation then, is in nature one's instinct.
Secondly, there is the instinct for "harmony and
rhythm", "harmony and rhythm", meters being
manifestly sections or rhythm. An individual, thus,
starts with his natural gift and developed further by
degrees of one's special aptitude, till their rude
improvisation gave birth to poetry". (Aristotle)
EXPERIENCE OF THE MYSTERIOUS. Art provides us
with a way to experience ourselves in relation to the
universe. This experience may often come
unmotivated, as we appreciate art, music and poetry.
Motivated Functions of Art
The purposes of art are motivated refers to
intentional, conscious, actions on the part of the
artistic or creator. This could bring about political
change, to comment on an aspect of society, to
convey a specific emotion specific emotion or mood,
to address personal psychology to illustrate another
discipline, to sell a product or simply as a form of
communication.
APPENDIX A.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF VISUAL ARTS (Leano, 2018)
I. TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARTS:
-- no perspective at all, they are simply flat, two-
dimensional objects or designs and do not pretend to
be anything more.
-- make no pretense at being more than something
drawn or painted on a flat surface. Most craft designs
on the surfaces of buildings usually are meant to be,
however attractive, nothing more than a flat or nearly
flat image.
A. DRAWING
Drawing is a means of making an image, using
any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It is
generally involves making marks on a surface by
applying pressure from a tool or moving a tool across
a surface using dry media such graphic pencils, pen
and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons,
charcoals, pastels and marker. Digital tools which
stimulate the effects of these, are also used. The
main technique is used in drawing are: line drawing,
hatching, cross hatching, and random hatching,
scribbling, stippling and blending.
B. PAINTING
Painting is taken literally in the practice of
applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium)
and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support)
such as paper, canvas or a wall. Painting is also used
to express spiritual motif and ideas, sites of this kind
of painting range from artwork depicting
mythological figures on pottery.
C. PRINTMAKING
Printmaking is creating for artistic purposes
an image on a matrix which is then transferred to a
two dimensional (flat) surface by means of ink (or
another form of pigmentation). Historically, the major
techniques (also called media) involved are woodcut
lie engraving, etching, lithography and screen-printing
(serigraphy, silk screening) including modern digital
techniques.
D. PHOTOGRAPHY
Photography is a process of making pictures
by means of the action of light. Light patterns
reflected or emitted from objects are recorded into a
sensitive medium storage chip through a timed
exposure. The process is done through mechanical,
chemical or digital devices known as cameras. The
words come from the Greek word phos means
"drawing with light" or representation by means of
lines or drawing. The term "image" has begun to
replace photograph.
E. MOSAIC
Mosaic art was an important feature of
Byzantine churches. Mosaic art is related to painting
only because it creates pictures on flat surfaces.
Mosaics are wall or floor decorations made of small
cubes or irregularly cut pieces of colored stone or
glass called tesserae. These are fitted together to
form a pattern and glued on a surface with plaster or
cement.
F. STAINED GLASS
Stained glass developed as a major art when
it appeared as an important part of the Gothic
cathedral. It served many purposes. Stained-glass
windows admitted the much-needed light that was
missing from the Romanesque churches. By doing
this, they enlivened the otherwise tomblike interiors
and introduced a bright and warm atmosphere. They
were also a means of religious instruction, depicting
scenes from the Bible and from the lives of the saints.
G. TAPESTRY
The walls of palaces, castles, and chapels in
Europe were decorated in the Middle Ages with
hangings called tapestries. These hangings added
color to the drab interiors and also served to retain in
the room whatever heat was generated from the
fireplace.
Tapestries are fabrics into which colored
designs have been woven. In making tapestry, the
weaver closely follows a pattern, the actual size of
the finished tapestry, which is placed under the warp
threads on the loom. A shuttle is employed to weave
each color thread used as weft over the area where
the color appears in the pattern.
H. COMPUTER ART
Visual artist are no longer limited to
traditional art media computer which may enhance
visual art from ease of rendering or capturing, to
editing, exploring, multiple compositions and printing
including 3D printing. Computer art played a role in
production or display of the artwork. Such art can be
an image, sound, animation, video, CD ROM, DVD-
ROM, video game, website, algorithm, performance
or gallery installation. Computer art is beginning to
appear in art museum exhibits.
II. THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARTS:
-- Perspective in them is created,
-- the propositions of their parts look exactly like in
real life, an example is a statue that's look like six-foot
statue of human. This kind of perspective is, then,
simply a real or natural perspective.
A. SCULPTURE
A work of sculpture is a three-dimensional
form constructed to represent a natural or imaginary
shape. It can be free-standing, carved in relief,
kinetic.
Free-standing sculpture, or sculpture in the round, is
one which can seen from more than one position.
Examples: The statues of saints in our churches
Bas relief. The figures of relief sculpture project from
a flat background. When the forms are slightly raised,
the sculpture is called a bas relief.
Examples: Coins, Medals
High relief sculptures are those whose figures
project to the extent of one half their thickness or
more, so that they are almost round.
Mobiles, a kind of kinetic sculpture, are made
of strips of metal, glass, wood, or plastic, arranged
with wires and hung where they can move. Mobiles
are usually associated with Alexander Calder who first
created them the 1930's.
B. ARCHITECTURE
 The term architecture refers to a process, a
profession or documentation.
 As a process, architecture is the activity of
designing and constructing buildings and other
physical structures by a person or a compute,
 primarily to provide shelter. A wide definition
often includes the design of the total built
environment, from the macro levels as to how a
building integrates with its surrounding
landscape like city planning, urban design and
landscape architecture to the micro level of
architectural or construction details sometimes
furniture.
 As a profession, architecture is the role of those
persons or machines providing architectural
services.
 As for documentation, architecture defines the
structure and or behavior of a building or any
other kind of system that is to be or has been
constructed.
Architects have primarily object providing for
the spatial and shelter needs of people in groups of
some kind (families, schools, churches, business etc.)
by the creative organization of materials and
components in a land or city space, dealing with
mass, space, form, volume, texture, structure, light,
shadow, materials, program and pragmatic elements
such as cost, construction, limitations and
technology.
C. INTERIOR DESIGN
A well-designed interior should cap the
architect's work of providing his client with a
comfortable place to live and work in.
Interior design is concerned with the
selection of space and furnishings to transform an
empty shell of a building building into a livable area.
The interior designer works with such articles as
pieces of furniture, appliances, fixtures, draperies,
and rugs with an eye for texture and color that would
bring about both unity and variety in the place. With
the tastes and the needs of the occupants in mind, he
selects furnishings on the basis of use,
appropriateness, and beauty, and organizes them in
the allotted space for convenience and ease of
movement.
D. LANDSCAPING
- enhancement of land: the enhancement of the
appearance of land, especially around buildings, by
altering its contours and planting trees, shrubs, and
flowers
- garden design: the profession of designing or
creating gardens by combining plants and other
features to produce a pleasing overall effect
A building does not exist in a world of its
own. It must be harmoniously related to its natural
setting as well as to the other buildings in the area.
Thus, most architects are much concerned about the
planning and utilization of the spaces between and
around these buildings. This involves the arts of
landscaping and environmental planning.
The landscape artist makes use of the terrain
as his basic medium, along with the sand, rocks,
water, and growing plants found on it. Occasionally,
he gives artificial forms to trees and shrubbery by
pruning and shaping them to blend structurally with
the architecture. Sometimes he adds such
embellishments, as fountains, pools, lanterns, and
benches, depending on the desires of his clients.
Landscape design is determined by many
factors. Among them are site and size of the building:
the building's relationship to other rig buildings in the
area; the. topography, or the nature of the terrain;
amount of privacy desired, which would determine
the height and the fence needed; the soil and the
climate of the area, which would influence the choice
and arrangement of plants; and the embellishments
the owner wants to include in his lot.
E. CRAFTSMAKING
Crafts are as old as human history. Originally
fulfilling utilitarian purposes, they are now a means of
producing objects of intrinsic aesthetic appeal.
Among the earliest basic crafts are basketry, weaving,
and pottery. Nearly every craft now practiced can be
traced back many hundreds or even thousands of
years.
In many parts of the world crafts are still
produced as they have been for centuries; Chinese
basketry and Indonesian batik are examples. In the
southern Appalachian highlands of the United States,
basketry and woven goods are made today by much
the same methods used by the original settlers of the
region; the federal government has made grants to
support such traditional work.
Throughout the world, museums of
ethnography rely on exhibits of indigenous crafts and
artisanry to document the development of various
cultures; art museums with archaeological collections
frequently supplement their displays of formal art
objects by showing examples of related folk crafts. In
addition, special museums of folk art and of crafts
have been established to preserve and display
examples of traditional crafts.
Types of Artist
A. The Visual Artists
1. An architect designs and constructs buildings and
other physical structures primarily to provide shelter.
2. A designer studies fashion trends, sketches designs
of clothing and accessories, and selects colors and
fabrics. He creates dresses, suits, shoes, and other
accessories.
3. A painter applies paint, pigment, color. sand, clay,
scraps of paper and other mediums to surfaces such
as a wall, paper. canvas, wood, or glass to form an
art.
4. A photographer controls the camera and lens to
"expose" the light recording material (such as film) to
the required amount of light to form a "latent image"
(on film) or "raw file" (in digital cameras) which, after
appropriate processing, is converted to a usable
image.
5. A sculptor shapes and re-shapes various mediums
such as wood, stone, metal, glass to form his
masterpiece.
B. The Performing Artists
1. An actor or actress acts in a dramatic production
and who works in film. television, theatre, or radio in
that capacity. S/he interprets a dramatic character.
2. A composer writes an original composition for
theatre, tv, radio, film, computer games and other
areas where music is needed.
3. A dancer expresses ideas, stories, rhythm, and
sound with his body. She/He works in musical shows,
opera, musical comedy, television, poetry. movies,
and music videos.

4. An instrumentalist plays musical instrument.

5. A singer uses the voice to produce music. He is

often accompanied by musicians and instruments.

C. The Literary Artists

1. An essayist is one who writes compositions about

any particular subject.

2. A novelist writes a long work of written fiction that

basically involves many characters and tells a
complex story by placing the characters in a number
of different situations.

3. A poet displays imaginative power and beauty of

thought and language, as well as eloquence of
expression through poetry.

4. A playwright, also known as a dramatist writes

dramatic literature or drama. It may be written
specifically to be performed by actors or it may be a
closet drama or a literary work written using dramatic
forms but not meant for performance.

5. A scriptwriter prepares scripts for commercials,

soap operas, comedies, and dramas that appear on
television, in films, and on stage.