Reflection - A phenomenon in which a wave bounces off a surface and returns to the direction it has come from with

the
same wavelength and frequency
types of reflection based on the characteristics of the reflected image.
Specular reflection - Is observed when light hits a smooth, flat surface and reflects an image that is almost identical to
the object itself.
Diffused reflection - Occurs when reflected light rays scatter in different directions. This is observed when light strikes a
rough surface or any surface with an irregular density.
LAW OF REFLECTION - A law explaining that the angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection.
Incident ray - the ray of light approaching the mirror.
Reflected ray - the ray that bounces from the mirror.
Normal - vertical line that is perpendicular to the surface is drawn between the two rays.
Angle of incidence (θi) - refers to the angle formed by the incident ray and the normal.
Angle of reflection (θr) - refers to the angle formed by the reflected ray and the normal.(θi)=(θr)
Two major types of mirrors
PLANE MIRRORS - Made up of flat, reflective surfaces that produce a specular reflection either of an object or a person
in front of it.
The formation of images on mirrors
Line of sight - is the process of directing your sight towards a certain point in space.
Virtual image - is an image that forms when the light rays bouncing from an illuminated object appear to be meeting or
converging with each other at a definite point but do not actually meet.
Curved mirrors - Refers to crescent-shaped mirror that is part of a reflective sphere.
The spherical curved mirror is classified into two:
Concave mirror - A curved mirror with a reflective surface that curves inward.
Convex mirror - A curved mirror with a reflective surface that curves outward.
different parts of the concave and convex mirror
1.Center of Curvature- Point C in the illustration above is the center of the curvature and the center of the sphere itself.
2. Principal Axis- This is the line in the middle that intersects point A, F, and C and divides the sphere into two
hemisphere.
3.Vertex- This is denoted by point A where the principal axis meets the edge of the sphere or the surface of the curved
mirror.
4. Focal Point- This is represented by point F, which marks the midpoint between the center of the curvature and the
vertex.
5.Focal length- This refers to The distance between the focal point and the mirror’s vertex.the focal length is one half
the radius of the curvature..
6. Radius of curvature-Letter R is the sphere’s radius, marking the distance between the vertex and the center of
curvature.
Real image - An image that appears when light rays meet at a particular point once an object is reflected in the mirror.
The ray diagram method - Is a tool that determines the location of images formed in curved mirrors by tracing the path
of light rays passing through an object and bouncing on the surface of a mirror.