HIS
LEC | PROF. CHANNEY T. SALAS, RMT | FINALS
LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Discuss the purpose, functional requirements, features,
and core components of laboratory information
management system;
• Describe the laboratory standards in hospital;
• Explain the application of laboratory information
system in patient registration, billing, contract
management, and monitoring accounts receivable; and
• Discuss worklist, workflow, and quality control
LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Sometimes referred to as Laboratory Information System
or Laboratory Management System
• A software-based solution with features that support a
modern laboratories operation. By using LIMS, the lab
can automate workflows, integrate instruments and
managed samples and its associate information
• A software that is developed and purchased by the
hospital to support laboratory operations
• LIMS improves access to quality diagnostic testing and
provide accurate timely information for patient care,
public health planning, and policy decisions
• is designed to help process information in medical
research to improve the efficiency of the department’s
services and laboratory operations by reducing
manual tasks and procedures
o LIMS records information automatically thus typing it
manually is not necessary anymore as it will
automatically record the result that is given and will
be automatically delivered or transfer to the
computer for direct printing. It will save time and
reduces typographical error
o Typographical errors are really common. To do away
with it, LIMS could help in solving these problems in
the laboratory in general
• LIMS is commonly used in conjunction with LIS in medical
and pharmaceutical industries
Machine like in left photo are hooked up in LIMS and HIS is
synced so that they will work simultaneously or together
harmoniously
WHERE CAN WE USE LIMS?
• pharmaceutical laboratories
o study drugs and develop formulation
• biobanks and genomic testing centers
o Biobank is a type of biorepository where biological
samples, especially that of humans are stored for
research purposes
• health care institutions
o However, healthcare institutions must consider the
data capture process (storage and retrieval) in
selecting the solution provider because some are
more suitable than the other
o There are lots of different brands. Whatever a
hospital, clinic, or a laboratory would select, they
have to make sure that they are oriented with how
the data will be captured, processed, stored, and
retrieved so that it will be more customized as to how
they want to have those information or data come in
hand
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1st SEMESTER
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o It’s up for the healthcare institution to do their due
diligence to research on what is the best and most
suitable for them
o Some providers are more suitable than others. They
are not the same as they are not equally created.
They might have the same principle, basic function,
but they have different offerings when it comes to the
actual processes of information. That is why
healthcare institutions have to do their own research
and find out what is the most suitable one for them
o Budget should be considered also. The amount that
the healthcare institution is willing to pay.
LIMS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND FEATURES
SAMPLE MANAGEMENT
• LIMS records/stores sample information
o Who, what, where, when, how
o Detailed and accurate records are needed to avoid
mix up because we are handling not just one sample
but maybe hundreds or thousands of samples a day.
o To avoid mix-up or loss of sample, make sure to take
note who the sample was taken from, what is the
sample because there are a lot of different types of
specimens (Ex: Blood urine. You cannot rely on color
alone or even if it’s liquid or solid because sometimes
that could be unreliable), and then where the
sample should go next (different sections in the
laboratory that will be needing the sample), then
when was the sample taken or when should it be
moved to the next section that will be testing it, and
how to store the sample properly (temperature
requirement if the sample to avoid deterioration)
• LIMS also updates logs and tracks the chain of sample
custody
o Accurate and detailed records are necessary to
make sure that samples are not lost or mixed up. A
record should show whether the sample meets the
acceptable values (minimum requirement of quantity,
example is fasting state)
o When it comes to sample custody, the laboratory
internal chain of custody is what we all when we are
trying to document the record of how the sample has
been moved, who were the persons involved when it
comes to the transportation of the sample.
o It will reflect the records of the movement of the
samples and even the sample aliquot during
analysis. It needs to be properly documented.
o Laboratory internal chain of custody is usually in the
form of worksheet, logbook, or the usual form where
the handler of the samples fills up.
o Custody – they are the ones taking care or handling
the sample. It will be part of the chain of sample
custody.
o It’s a chain, therefore there shouldn’t be a missing
link. From a hospital bed of a patient to the nurse’s
station to laboratory. Thus, if there are questions or
clarifications, we will know who handled the
specimen.
WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT
• Workflow is the definition execution and automation of
processes where tasks information or even documents
are passed from one participant or whoever is involved in
the team to another for action to be take. This is according
to a set of procedural rules – who is the person that will
be doing these action
• Workflow management is the coordination of the different
tasks that make up the work of an organization
• LIMS can manage workflow by:
o Saving time by automating records and workflows
o Taking part in the decision process by using
existing
-06:00 methods and procedures
FEA KRISTINE P. PACQUIAO – BSMLS 2A
 HIS
LEC | PROF. CHANNEY T. SALAS, RMT | FINALS
LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
o Suggesting instruments needed for the procedure
o Assigning medtechs or specialists to complete
the test
REPORTING
• Reports can be run or exported to make them standard
and customized
• Useful in data analysis and formulation of
recommendation for future policymaking
o Most frequently used instrument
o Average handling time of sample
o List of backlogs – these are the accumulation of
uncompleted work or matters that need to be dealt
with
o It is important to have a reporting of backlogs so that
people or those who are assigned in areas where
backlogs are predominant can start focusing,
working, and making up for the tasks that need to be
caught up
• It is not just merely reporting for finding out the
information, there also needs to be a resolution of
whatever findings are presented to increase efficiency.
EHR: ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD
• In-built HER functionality capable of handling patient
records and billing information
o Using the LIMS that is hooked up with the EHR of the
patient, we can easily see the doctor’s note
o Sometimes, without the presence of EHR, we will be
blinded of the doctor’s findings
o With the presence of EHR, we will be able to see the
presumptive diagnosis of the doctor to the patient. It
will then be correlated with whatever findings we
have
o EHR will give us the confidence that we need to really
seal the deal because sometimes as a medical
technologist, we cannot just release the result based
on what we have found out. We have to make sure
that we do our part in double checking. Make sure to
expand everything to make sure that we deliver the
best result possible for the patient to make it easier
for the doctor to have an accurate and precise
diagnosis
• Greatly helps in managing and interpreting clinical
laboratory procedures and results
MOBILE LIMS
• Automation is the key to the future of labs and mobile
devices are playing a crucial role in developing the lab of
the future
• Mobile LIMS will help in the increase of accuracy or error
free, no contamination, robust, responsive, and effective.
These are actually the core form of the lab of the future
• Ability to access LIMS on a smartphone or tablet
• Collect lab data, track inventory, manage users, view
information
• Mobile LIMS offerings are limited but has potential
(mobile-friendly)
o It should be accessible to individuals who needs
access
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems is the most
important business technology up to date. It involves
CRM, which includes sales marketing and customer
support, ERP which involves finance manufacturing and
supply chain, and LIMS which involves research
development, actual testing of samples
• If the goal is to have a successful business, consider
investing in ZERP as it can do so much for the business
• The scope of the ERP system may vary but the most
predominant ERP is in the pharmaceutical. It covers
financial sales, ordering, inventory, plant maintenance,
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1st SEMESTER
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manufacturing, human resources, raw materials, quality
management
• Meanwhile, LIMS is the data generator. It will create
results based upon the samples that are being requested.
It can warehouse or restore the data but it lacks the
integration of ERP. Make sure to have the ERP.
• ERP and LIMS are distinct but can be used in tandem for
great benefits
o Only in pair can their power be utilized to deliver
comprehensive quality management support
throughout the supply chain to the full advantage of
the whole enterprise
• With ERP installed with LIMS, you get the functionality of
the former while concentrating on what LIMS does best:
creating result based upon sample requests
o Make sure that there is a harmonious integration
between the ERP and LIMS
• Especially useful in viewing current supplies,
calculating storage capacity, and managing location
CORE COMPONENTS OF LIMS
• Electronic laboratory notebooks
• Sample management programs
• Process execution software
• Records management software
• Applications to interface with an analytical
instruments or data systems
• Workflow tools
• Client tracking applications
• Best practice and compliance databases
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software
LABORATORY STANDARDS
• The purpose of laboratory standard is to help promote
laboratory safety. Laboratory is a workplace where
hazardous materials and biological materials are being
used or tested. Thus, we must have proper protocols in
handling, testing, and storage of these materials
• To help promote laboratory safety, the occupational
exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratory standard
was released in the United Sates by OSHA in 2011
Conditions for laboratory use of hazardous chemicals:
• Manipulation of chemicals should be on “laboratory
scale” only and can be handled by one person
• There is the use of multiple chemicals and procedures
• The procedures should not stimulate any production
process
• Protective laboratory tools are available and proper
practices are followed to minimize potential exposure to
harmful chemicals
• Any hazardous use of chemicals which does not meet this
definition is regulated under other standard such as:
o Chemicals used in the maintenance of the
laboratory building
o Production for commercial sale; and testing of a
product for quality control
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN (CHP)
• Discusses all aspects of the laboratory standards
• Employer must implement the provisions which address
the proper purchase, storage, handling, and disposal of
the chemicals used in the facility
• Primary elements of a CHP include:
1. Establishment of standards operating procedures
(SOP)
o SOP is a set of side-by-side instructions compiled by
an organization to help workers carry out complex
routine operations. It should be plastered and
oriented. Workers who will be working in the
operation should have knowledge
o SOP’s aim is to achieve efficiency, quality output,
and uniformity
FEA KRISTINE P. PACQUIAO – BSMLS 2A
 HIS
LEC | PROF. CHANNEY T. SALAS, RMT | FINALS
LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
reducing miscommunication and failure to comply
with industry regulation
2. Monitoring of the work environment
3. Statement of plan on how to obtain free medical care
o Ex: If there are accidents, there should be a medical
doctor present to make sure that the safety and
health care of those who are working in the areas are
prioritized
4. Designation of personnel who will handle CHP-related
activities
LIMS APPLICATION
PATIENT REGISTRATION
• When a patient arrives at the hospital, the admission clerk
will take some basic information and will guide the patient
to a registration window
• Patient will be asked if he/she is a new patient or a
returning patient
• An important step in becoming a patient in a hospital or in
a laboratory is the registration. It helps each facility
correctly identify the person and the patient’s medical
information. In case the patient has past medical records
it can be correlated and there will be faster retrieval of
information of the same patient of ever he/she will have
any future admissions or checkups
• Basic information is collected by the admission clerk.
Usually, this is the part where aside from the patient’s
basic information is being collected, sometimes the
watcher will be the one filling out the form while patient is
doing vital signs checkup to know is the patient’s
condition is stable
BILLING
• This is the process of sending an invoice or bill to the
client or customers for any service that they are availing
in the hospital
• This is also known as statement of account or SOA
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1st SEMESTER
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• It provides parameters for flexible price schedules. The
billing will enable heightened attention on customer
needs. We will know what are the needs of the patient
• It will also automate billing processing. In case the patient
wants to go home already after being manage, it will make
the discharge faster.
CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
• Common features include:
o Customer customizable invoices
o Ability to change insurance for each player
Because we have patients that have private
insurance, PhilHealth.
o Automatic modification of prices
o Reminder for amounts due from past visits
ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE
• Easily extract information already available from the
invoicing and contract management procedures,
plus:
o Generate specific or complete accounts receivable
reports
o Monitor balances for reconciliation and audit
purposes
o Export data to other accounting systems; and
o Customize reports accordingly
• We can see here payment status and also we can remind
the patient of his/her bills that needs to be payed
WORKLIST AND WORKFLOW
• LIMS assists labs in setting priorities of current
workload based on analyst/ instrument availability
FEA KRISTINE P. PACQUIAO – BSMLS 2A
 HIS 1st SEMESTER
LEC | PROF. CHANNEY T. SALAS, RMT | FINALS S.Y 2021- 2022

LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• A worklist allows user to track a sample, a batch of • With this kind of technology, information about a tube,
samples, or numerous batches through their lifecycle specimen, or an equipment within the laboratory can be
• A workflow is queuing system or block of repetitive found and retrieved effortlessly using a barcode scanner.
procedures in a certain process We do not need a lot of time, and it would also do away
with typographical error
IN-BUILT BI-DIRECTIONAL INTERFACES WITH
EQUIPMENT
• Two-way communication between the information system
and clinical instrument
• LIMS downloads test orders and specimen ID for each
test (microbiology, hematology, etc.)
BI-DIRECTIONAL INTERFACE
• Clinical instrument uploads the same information for
sample testing and analysis
• Lab result when done and validated are returned back
to LIMS to upload back to EMR
• Both functions provide user insights about when an
event occurred, how long it was, and who was
involved
o This is to avoid backlogs
• Other benefits include:
1. enables personnel and workload management
2. allows user to plan workload schedules and
assignments
3. recording employee information and training
• Ultimately, worklist & workflow operate to facilitate more
efficient laboratory processes
QUALITY CONTROL
Two kinds of lab results:
1. Patient result
2. Quality control (QC) result WHY DO WE DO BI-DIRECTIONAL INTERFACE
Lab results may be: NOWADAYS?
1. Quantitative (numbers) • Nowadays, machines also have random access testing
2. Qualitative (descriptive) feature and barcode labels scanning for specimen
3. Semi-quantitative (limited to a few different values) • Benefits:
QC results
1. minimizes time spent programming order
• Used to verify whether or not an instrument is working o We do not need to keep on constantly typing, we do
within prescribed parameters, which ultimately away with typographical errors
determines patient result reliability 2. ensures accuracy by eliminating errors
• A good quality control means whatever data are released
from the laboratory, we really can say that those are the
results of the patient without doubt and fear
QC FUNCTIONS
• Enable users to set standards about the relevant range
of patient test results
• Extract test result information for the purpose of quality
assurance
• Flag outliers and deviations
o Outlier is an observation that lies an
abnormal distance from other values in a
random sample from a population
• Users notified with appropriate warning signals about
samples or equipment quality issues
BARCODE-GENERATION, PRINTING, AND READING
• Visual machine-readable representation of data
• Data usually describes something about the object that
carries the barcode
• Code can simply be printed on label sticker and placed
on any item sometimes it could be on a test tube or blood
banks
• Barcode editor allow multiple labels to be printed by
label printer
• Barcode series can be customized
• Barcode scanner retrieves information
o LIMS modules commonly linked to barcoding label
generator will allow fast and easy monitoring of
identifying tubes, samples, and even documents

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FEA KRISTINE P. PACQUIAO – BSMLS 2A

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