NAME OF THE PROJECT –

WASTE TURNED ENERGY

STUDENT’S NAME – ARATRIKA MAITY , ANWESHA HAIT .
CLASS 8
 INTRODUCTION
• Every year millions of tons of solid waste is
generated in households around the world
which is disposed of in council and municipal
landfill sites .
• At same time millions of units of energy from
coal , oil , natural gas are burned daily to create
electrical power in our home , workplace .
• This causes air , pollution , climatic change
leading to global warming .
• 2/3 of climatic change and air pollution drivers
are emitted in process of burning fossil fuel .
• Today new generation of WTE conversion
technology are emerging which hold potential to
 HISTORY
•1s t

incinerator or destructor was built in

Nottingham , UK , in 1874 by Manlove ,
Elliott and Co. Ltd to design Alfred fryer.
•1 US
s t

incinerator was built in 1885 on

Governor Island in New York .
•1 waste
s t

incinerator was built in 1903 in Frederik

Sberg .
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facility in Czech Republic was in 1905 in

 DEFINATION
• Waste turned energy also called WTE is process
of producing thermal energy from primary
treatment of organic waste into fuel resource .
• It is a form of energy recovery .
• This process captures the heat generated by the
combination they could generate heat , water ,
steam or electricity via steam .
• The energy generated can be used directly by
the power plant or exported to local utility or
nearby business.
 METHODS USED FOR WTE
1.Incineration – Here organic waste are burnt at high temperature . The
heat generated in this treatment is used to create energy .
2.Deploymerization – It uses thermal decomposition in presence of
water . It gives thermal energy .
3.Gasification – Here carbonaceous substances are converted to CO2 ,
CO and small amount of hydrogen at high temperature in presence of
oxygen . Synthesis gas is used to produce electricity and heat .
4.Pyrolysis – Is a thermal process almost similar to Pyrolysis . Unlike
hydrous pyrolysis it uses organic or agricultural waste from industries .
5.Plasma Arc Gasification – Here a plasma torch is used to ionize gas
which is generated from compressing the waste syngas, used to
produce electricity .
 GLOBAL
DEVELOPEMENT
• During 2001 – 2007 WTE capacity increased by 4
million metric tons .
• Japan , China built several plants based on
fluidized bed combustion of solid waste .
• In China there were about 434 WTE plants in 2016 .
• Japan largest user in thermal treatment with 40
million tons .
• In June 2014 Indonesia has total of 93.5 installed
capacity of WTE.
• Currently in India there are about 123 WTE plants .
WASTE TURNED ENERGY

ADVANTAGES
• Reduces landfill waste
• Creates a significant amount of
energy .
• Reduces greenhouse effect .
• Generate clean energy .
DISADVANTAGES
• Waste is not an effective fuel .
• Waste incineration is not a
source to climatic change
COUNTRIES SUCCEDED
IN GLOBAL WARMING
• Germany recycles 70 % of all waste product .
• Wales recycles 65% of total waste .
• 50% of waste are recycled at Switzerland .
• Australia recycles its 53.8% of the waste .
• South Korea has its recycling rate of 53.8% .
• India recycles 20 % of the waste .
NOTABLE EXAMPLE
According to 2019 , United Nation Environment program report there are 589 WTE
plants in Europe and 82 in United State .
 STAGES OF WASTE TURNED
ENERGY
The process of generating electricity in man burn WTE plant has 7 stages –
i. Waste is dumped from garbage trucks into large pits .
ii. A giant claw on a crane grabs waste and dumps it in combustion chamber .
iii. The waste [fuel] is burned releasing heat .
iv. The heat turns water into steam in a boiler .
v. The high pressure steam turns blades of turbine generator to produce electricity
vi. An air pollution control system removes pollutants from the combustion gas
before it is released through a smoke stack .
vii. Ash is collected from the boiler and air pollution control system .
 CONCLUSION
• There is no single recipe for waste
management .
• However there are few golden rules – start
small , keep it simple , and advanced step by
step .
• Rather than sending residual waste directly to
landfills , advanced technologies like [WTE]
should be started
• This advanced technologies can be used to
produce biogas , syngas , liquid biofuels , pure
hydrogen .