• Xdy dling, hodn thien Nhd -

YEU CAU VA GIAI PHAP TIEP TUC XAY D U N G , HOAN THifeN

NHA N U d c PHAP QUYEN XA HOI CHU NGHIA CJ VIET NAM

PGS,TS. PHAM MINH TuXlff

Tdm t a t : Tiip tuc xdy dung, hodn thiin Nhd nudc phdp quyin xd hdi chd nghia, x&y
dung bq mdy nhd nUdc tinh gon, trong sqch, vang mqnh; hodn thiin hi thong phdp luat.
day mdnh cdi cdch hdnh chinh. cdi cdch tUphdp. xdy dUng ddi ngu cdn bd, cong chiic.
viin chtic CO phdm chdt. ndng luc ddp iing yiu cdu, nhiim vu; phdt huy ddn chU, tdng
cudng trdch nhiim, ki ludt, ki cuang; ddy mqnh ddu tranh phdng. chdng tham nhiing, idng
phi, quan liiu, te nan xd hdi vd tqi phqm' Id yiu cdu khdch quan ^iai doqn hiin nay. Xdy

chi', chtic ndng, nhiim vu, phuong thiic vd cO che vdn hdnh, ndng cao hiiu luc, hiiu qm
cda Nhd nUdc phdp quyin xd hqi chu nghia. Day mqnh viic hodn thjin vd ndng cao chat
luqng, hiiu qud hoqt ddng cda bq mdy nhd nudc-. Trudc nhiing chd trUang dd, Vdn kiin
Dai hqi lan thli XII cua Ddng xdc dinh, viic xdy dung vd hodn thiin Nhd nudc phdp quyin
xd hdi chu nghia Viit Nam ddt trong diiu kiin phdt trien kinh ti' thi trUdng vd hqi nhdp
qudc le vdi nhiiu vdn de mdi. Bdi vii't tap trung phdn tich nh^ng yi'u td dqt ra hiin nay vd
mdt sd gidi phdp xdy dUng. hodn thiin Nhd nUdc phdp quyen xd hdi chu nghta VietNam
trong giai doqn hiin nay.
Tuf khoa: Nhd nudc phdp quyin xd hdi chu nghia; ddn chu; bd mdy nhd nudc

1. NhQng ydu cau dat ra dd'i vdi vifc
xay di^ng Nha nUdc phap quyen xa hpi
ch^ nghta Vift Nam
Sau khi Nghi quyd't Oai hdi ldn thCf XII cuada ddde Dang xdc djnh la nhifm vy trpng tSm
Dang ddde qudn trift va to chQc triln khai
thyc hien, vifc xdy dyng to chdc bd may cua
he thdng chlnh tn da dgt dUdc mdt so' k^t qua
quan trpng. Nhieu thiet ch^ trong bd mdy nha
nude dUdc thay doi phu hdp vdi tinh than Nghj
quyd't Dgi hoi Idn thd XII va Hid'n phap nam
2013. Chde ndng, nhidm vu, md'i quan he cdng
tac cua tCrng to chdc dddc phdn djnh, dieu
chlnh hdp li, ddp dng ydu c^u phdt trien kinh te' ban chat cua nhdn ddn, do nhan ddn, vl nh&n
thi trddng djnh hudng XHCN, xdy dyng, hoan
thifn Nha nude phdp quyin XHCN va hdi nhap
qudc te. Tuy nhien, to chCfc bd mdy nha nUdc
vdn cdn edng kdnh, nhieu tang nac, nhieu dau
mdi; hieu ldc, hifu qua hogt dfng chya dap
i-i H(?G vien Chfnh tri khu vye II, Hpc vien CTQG
Ho Chi Minh
Cfng yeu cau, nhifm vy^ Tii thyc tidn vd y§u
e£u d6i mdi hf thdng ehfnh tn, viee tiep tye x&y
dyng, hoan thifn Nha nddc phap quydn XHCN
cCia ddi mdi hf thdng ehfnh trj. Nhifm vy niy
ddt ra nhCing yeu cau sau:
- Ddi mdi vd tang cUdng sy lanh d^o dia
Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam ddi vdl Nhd ntfdc
Sy lanh dgo cfia Dang Cong sdn Vift Nam
dd'i vdi sy nghidp each mgng Vift Nam Id t^t
ydu khdch quan eua ljch sCf, Id tidn d i vd dieu
kifn d l Nha nddc giB vEJfng ban ch^t XHCN,
dan, bao dam t^t ca quydn lyc nhd nUdc thugc
vi nhdn dan. Trong dieu kien Ddng cam quy^n
va xdy dyng Nha nddc phap quyen XHCN,
phUdng thifc lanh dgo cija Dang phai chi y^u
bang Nha nddc va thdng qua Nha nddc. Be
tdng cddng xdy dyng va hoan thifn Nhd niicic
theo djnh hddng Nha nddc phdp quydn, v^n de
phdn djnh ad ldnh dgo cilia Dang cam quyen

Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 09/20^

• Xdy dUf ^ quyin XHCN Viet Nam
va s u quan If didu hanh cua Nha nddc la rd't
can thiet. S y phan biet tren hai phddng dien If
luan va thdc t i l n ddu phai bao dam vai trd lanh
dgo duy nh^t cua Dang Cong san V i f t Nam doi
vdi Nhd nUdc, dong thdi, bao dam quyen chCi
dpng eua Nha nudc; theo dung quan d i l m cua
V.I.Lenin la Dang lanh dgo Nha nddc, nhdng
khdng bao b i f n , lam thay Nha nude. Doi mdi
phddng thde lanh dao ci!ia Ddng ddi vdi Nhd
nddc nham bdo ddm s y lanh dgo ci!ia Dang,
phdt huy tdt tfnh chu ddng, sdng tgo vd trdeh
nhiem eua cde ed quan nha nddc^.
- Thi^c day phat trien nen kinh td thj trUdng
dinh hudng XHCN
Vdi yeu cau ndy, can xde dinh n h i f m vy
xay dyng, hoan thien Nha ndde phap quyen
XHCN ddpc dat trong md'i quan he song song
vdi sy hoan t h i f n the ehe' kinh te thj trddng
djnh hddng XHCN. Nghj quyd't Dgi hdi l^n thCf
XII cua Dang de ra nhiem vy can d l y mgnh
thyc hien ba dot phd chi^n lupc, nhat la dot
phd vd the che kinh te thj trddng djnh hddng
XHCN; do la ndn kinh td thj trUdng h i f n dgi va
hdi nhdp qud'e te. De cd the tim ra nhOng giai
phap phu hdp vd cd tfnh ddt phd, can giai ddp
th^u ddo, can ke md'i quan h f giQa kinh t l thj
trudng, hdi nhap qud'c te vdi nhd nude phap
quyen XHCN. Trong dd, Nha nUde can cd
chfnh sach kha thi trong phat trien n l n kinh te,
bao ho tot hdn quydn s6 hQu hpp phdp eua ca
nhdn, to chQc, md rdng pham vi quyen tai san,
giai phdng hdn nQa sde san x u & , khai thde mpi
tiem nang va sQc sdng tgo trong lao ddng, sdn
x u l t - kinh doanh. Bao dam nguyen t^c edng
dan dupc lam tat ca nhDng gi ludt khdng cam,
hudng tdi myc tieu "dan giau, nudc mgnh, ddn
chCi, cdng bang, van minh".
- Phat huy dan chO, dam bao quyin lam chu
cda nhan dan trong xdy di/ng Nhd nudc va xa hoi
Nha nUdc phdp quyen Id s u phdt trien
d trtnh dp cao ci!ia dan chi!i. The gidi dang
c h u y i n doi, cde qudc gia deu phai hpi n h f p
If thuye't hien dgi vd nha nude phdp quyen,
dua ra nhQng ydu eau mdi ve tinh nhan van,
ddng thudn va tfnh ddn tdc. Tieu chf ddnh gid
Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 09/2017
25
h i f u qua hogt ddng ciJa Nha nddc phdp quydn
XHCN la kha nang phyc vy nhdn dan, la edng
cy d l nhan dan lam chii ve kinh te, chfnh tn, xd
hpi, sil dyng va thye hien h i f u qua cac quyen,
nghTa vy. Tfnh phap quyen cCia q u y i n lyc nhd
nddc dupc xem xet thdng qua viec khang djnh
vd bao ddm quyen lyc dd la cCia nhdn dan, glQ
cho nd ludn nam trong quy dgo phyc vy nhdn
dan. dJ khfa cgnh thd hai, van de dgt ra Id lam
thd nao d l nhdn dan i!iy nhidm cho nha nudc
thyc hien quyen lyc cua minh ma khdng bi mat
quydn vd khdng d l xay ra tinh trgng Igm quyen
va tuy t i f n tQ phfa cac cd quan va cdng chdc
nhd nude.
- He thdng phap luat phdi ddp dng ydu ciu
ddng bd, thdng nhd't, khd thi, cong khai, minh b$ch
Nhd nddc phap q u y i n dgt ra nhiem vy
phdi cd he thdng phap luat can va dii d l dieu
chinh cdc quan he xd hdi, idm cd sd eho sy tdn
tgi trat ty phap luat vd kT cddng. Phdp lugt phai
trd thanh phUdng tien eua chij the va khdch the
quyen lUc. Tuy nhidn, khdng nen quan niem
rang, cQ xay dyng nhieu ludt Id se cd Nha nUdc
phap quyen. Ciing vdi viec day mgnh cdng tde
xdy dUng, hodn t h i f n h f thdng phdp lugt, can
bdo ddm cdc quy djnh ciJa phap ludt dupc thi
hdnh tren thyc te. D l lam dupe dieu nay, can
d l y manh edc hogt ddng to chQc thyc hidn
phdp ludt, khdc phyc tinh trgng chia cdt giQa
xdy dyng phap ludt vd t l chQe thye hien phap
luat. Tfnh kha thi va h i f n thyc ciJa Hien phap
vd edc dgo lugt chl dupc bao dam khi ngudi
dan dupe tie'p edn thdng tin, tie'p cdn phdp lugt
v d cdng If va cd cd chd' ehat ehe rang budc
trdch nhiem eua cac cd quan cdng q u y i n .
- Bd may nha nUdc phai dap dng yeu cau
cao ve chat lupng, hidu qua hoat dong
Phat trien n l n kinh te thi trudng vd hdi
n h f p qudc t l dat ra ydu cau trong xdy dyng va
van hanh bd mdy nha nUdc theo each thQc eua
nha nQde k i l n tgo phat t r i l n , vUa kiem soat
dQpc cdc qua trinh kinh te, vQa thuc day kinh t l
phdt t r i l n thi trUdng, ngdn ngQa dQpc cac nguy
cd ciia thi trudng. Do dd, can ed cae the che vd
cd che van hdnh cy t h i bao dam nguydn tae
26 • Xdy dting. hodn thien Nhd

phdn cdng, phdi hpp vd kilm sodt giOa cde ed Tidp tijc t^o ddt phd trong cdi each iS
quan nha nUdc trong vifc thyc hifn edc quydn chdc vd ho^t ddng cOa bd miy nhd nudc
Ifp phdp, hdnh phdp vd tu phap. Bf mdy nha Dli vdi cdi cdch Ifp phdp, can tilp tgc dji
nudc can tinh gpn, hogt ddng hieu lye, hifu qud, mdi t l chdc, hogt ddng cCia Qudc hfi, bdo dim
phdn djnh rd chdc ndng, nhifm vy, quyen hgn Qude hfi thye sy Id cd quan dgi bilu cao nhKt
ciia tUng cd quan, t l chQe, kh^c phye tinh trgng cilia nhdn ddn, cd quan quyin lye cao nhSt
chong chdo, trtmg ldp hofe bd sdt chQc ndng, cCia Nhd nUdc. Quyin lyc cilia Qud'c hdi phii
nhifm vy. Bfn cgnh dd, dfl ngij cdn bd, cdng cd tfnh chi phdi ddi vdi cdc ITnh vye quyin li/c
chdc cSn tdn tyy, tinh thdng nghifp vy, lifm nhd nddc khde. Quyin Ifp hlln, Ifp phdp \i
chfnh; edc hinh thQc vd cd chl kilm tra, gidm thim quyin ed bdn nhit cCia Quic hfi. Bi
sdt phdi thyc sy dupc col trpng vd hodn thifn 6 thye hifn quyin ndy, bdo ddm vai trd quySit
mQc cao nh^t, bdo ddm cho qudn II nhd nUdc dinh cilia Qu6c hdi dli vdi todn bf hogtdgng
ludn nkm trong qu? dgo phyc vy nhdn ddn. Ifp phdp cln xii If cdc mli quan hf vdi cdc chCi
2. NhOng gidi phdp gdp phSn tilp t^ic thi sdng kiln phdp luft theo luft djnh, v6i cd
xay di^ng, hofin thifn Nhd nU6c phdp quyen quan, t l chQc dy thdo luft, vdl Oy ban Thi/ing
xd hfi ch£( nghta d Vift Nam vy Qud'e hfi - cd quan ban hdnh phdp l^nh,
- Cy thi hoa cd chd phdn cdng, phdi hqp vdQuyin quylt djnh ede van d l quan trpng ci^a
kiim sodt quydn li/c nhd nddc, nhdn m^nh vi$c dd't nUdc cln chQ trpng din quyin quylt djnh
kiim sodt trong n0i bd tdng nhdnh quyin li/c chfnh sdch tdj ehfnh, tiln tf qude gla, quyfit
Hiin phdp ndm 2013 ghi nhfn nguydn tie djnh dy todn ngdn sdch nhd nudc vd phdn bfi
kiem soat quydn lyc nhd nudc, tgo cd sd phdp ngdn sdch nhd nUdc, phi chuln quylt toin
II cao nhit cho vifc triln khai cd chl, thilt chl ngdn sdch nhd nddc. Quyin gidm sdt vifc thi
thyc hifn nguydn tdc ndy. Cd chl kilm sodt hdnh phdp luft theo hudng tfp trung vdo gidm
quydn lye nhd nude dd tgo ed sd hinh thdnh ed sdt ngdn sdeh vd nhdn sy. Cln bdo ddm hi^u
chl nhdn ddn gidm sdt, kilm sodt quyin lyc lyc, hifu qua tfnh chuydn nghifp, hifn dgl, tinh
nhd nydc (nhdn ddn vdi tu cdch Id chCi thi cua minh bgch, edng khai trong t l ehQc, hogtdgng
quyin lyc nhd nydc da trao cho cde ed quan cilia Qudc hfi. Tang cudng hdn nOa sy g^n kSt
nhd nudc). Ol triln khai ydu clu trdn, cln tdp trong cdng tde kilm tra, gidm sdt cCia Quic h{)l
trung nghidn cQu thiu ddo, tgo ed sd khoa hpc vdi kilm tra, gidm sdt eCta Ddng, Mdt trfn T6
vd thye tiln eho vifc thi chl hda ddy dCi chili qud'c, cdc t l ehQc ehfnh trj - xd hdi vd gidm sit
trQdng ciia Ddng v l xdy dyng Nhd nude phdp eua nhdn ddn.
quyin XHCN. Nhd nUde phdi tgo dilu kifn d l Dli vdi edi cdch hdnh ehfnh, cln hi/6ng
tang sy hifn difn cOa cdc ylu td kilm sodt ttr din mye tidu xdy dyng nln hdnh ehfnh dtin
bdn ngodi, phdt huy vai trd gidm sdt vd phdn chD, trong sgch, vDng mgnh, chuyin nghidp,
bien cua Mdt trdn T l qu6c va cdc dodn the hifn dgi hdg, hogt dfng hifu lyc, hifu qui
nhdn ddn, cdc phUdng tifn thdng tin dgi ehdng theo nguyfn tic eilia Nhd nQde phdp quyin
ddi vdi hogt ddng cCia cdc cd quan nhd nude vd XHCN. D l tgo Ifp dUde mdi trddng hdnh chfnh
can bd, edng chdc nhd nUde. Ddng thdi, tilp tye tit thi thi chl hdnh chfnh phdi dUa ra nhQng
hodn thifn vifc kilm sodt tQ bdn trong bf mdy dilu khodn ySu clu ede ed quan vd lanh d^o
nhd nude. Cy thi, hodn thifn ed sd phdp If cho hdnh chinh phdi chju trdeh nhifm eud'i cCingvS
vife kilm sodt giQa ba nhdnh quyin lye: Ifp cdc sai phgm hdnh chfnh trong phgm vi quySn
phdp, hdnh phdp vd tU phdp vd kilm sodt trong qudn li* cilia minh. ThCi tye hdnh chfnh Id bO
nfi bd tQng nhdnh quyin lyc; ndng cao tinh thin phfn cy thi nhQng hit sQc quan trpng cilia lu(tt
trdch nhifm cho tQng ehCi thi trong xdy dyng phdp vd thi c h l hdnh chlnh. Do dd, thil tye
thi chl phdp If vd t l chUe triln khai thye hifn. hdnh chfnh cln ddgfc thi chl hda vd thi/c tht

Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 09/2017,

• Xdy dun^, : . quyin XHCN Viit Nam

nghiem minh. Thi chl hdnh ehinh chl thdnh - cdng nghe Id quic sdeh hdng ddu; luft hda
edng khi dfi ngQ edn bd hdnh chfnh dUpo edc ehfnh sdeh v l tfn ngudng, tdn gido; thi chl
ddo tgo cd bdn vd dupc trang bj kiln thUc ey hda todn difn ehfnh sach btnh dang, dodn kit,
thi cho tQng chQc vy hdnh chfnh. Vt vfy, xdy tUdng trp cQng phdt triln cQa cfng ding cdc
dyng ddi ngQ cdn bf, edng chQc c6 ndng lyc ddn tpe. Tilp tye hodn thifn thi chl phdp ludt
ehuydn mdn, tde phong chuyin nghifp, cd dgo v l vdn hda nham bdo tin vd phdt triln nln
dQe nghi nghifp vd hit Idng, hd't sQc phyc vy vdn hda Vift Nam tiSn tiln, dfm dd bdn sac
nhdn ddn Id cot loi d l thyc hifn c&i cdch thQ ddn tpc. Thi ehe hda dly dQ mli quan hf giQa
tye hdnh chlnh thdnh cdng. phdt triln kinh t l - xd hfi vdl xdy dyng, ciling ed
Dli vdi eai cdeh tu phdp, phdi qudn trift vd tang cUdng tilm lye qude phdng - an ninh,
vd tudn thu ede nguySn tac nln tdng ciia t l ndng eao ndng lye bdo vf ddc Ifp, chili quyin,
ChQc vd hogt ddng tU phdp dupe ghi nhdn trpng thing nhit vd todn vgn lanh thi. Xdy dyng mdi
Hiin phdp ndm 2013. Dly mgnh vife thyc hifn ede quy djnh phdp ludt dilu chlnh ITnh vye an
Chiln lUdc cdi edeh tU phdp, xdy dyng nln tu ninh phi truyin thing...
phdp trong sgch, vQng mgnh, ddn ehCi, nghidm - Ddi mdi m^nh me cdng tdc ddo t^o, b6i
minh, tQng budc hifn dgi; bdovf phdp luft, bdo dudng, tuyin dtjng, s£l dijng cdn bd, cong chd
vf cdng If, quydn con ngudi, quyin edng ddn, Tilp tye thye hifn chili trddng Ddng thing
bdo vf c h l dd XHCN, lpi fch ciia Nhd nddc, nhit Idnh dgo xdy dyng dfi ngQ cdn bf, cfng
quyin vd lpi ich hpp phdp cCia cd quan, t l chQeChQc vd thdng nhit qudn If bifn chl cdn bd,
vd cd nhdn. Cy thi hda day dQ cdc khoa hge cdng chQc cCia hf thing ehfnh trj. Xdy dyng
Tda dn thyc hifn cd hifu qud quyin tQ phdp. dfi ngQ edn bd, edng ehQc cQa hf thing chfnh
Tilp tye xa hdi hda mft s l hogt dfng tU phdp trj c6 bdn Ifnh chfnh trj vQng vdng, phim ehlt
vd b l trp tu phdp. Bdo ddm cho Vifn kilm sdt dgo dQe tot, ed ndng lye, trinh df ddp Qng ydu
nhdn ddn thyc hdnh quyin cdng td vd kiem clu cQa nhifm vy dupc giao. D l dgt dUdc
sdt hogt ddng tU phdp. Xde djnh rd ehQc ndng, myc tifu dd, can tilp tye dli mdi tit cd cdc
nhifm vy, quyin hgn vd ndng cao chit lupng, khdu ddo tgo, tuyin dyng, b l trf, ddnh gid, b l
hifu qud hogt ddng cCia cd quan dilu tra. nhifm, b6i dudng, ludn ehuyin, khen thddng,
- Ddi mdi, hodn thidn h$ thdng phdp lu$t kl luft, thyc hien chfnh sdeh dli vdi edn bd,
bdo ddm chit lddng, hi$u qud cdng ChQc. Tilp tye thf dilm ehe df thi tuyin
Hiin phdp ndm 2013 cd nhilu dilm mdi, cdn bf lanh dgo, qudn If; tuyin dyng, b l nhifm
trong dd ed quy djnh nguySn tie quyin lye cdn bf phdi dya trln sd trddng, ndng lye edng
nhd nQde Id thdng nhit, cd sy phdn cdng, phli tde thyc tiln cdn bf, khdng nf ng v l bkng d p .
hpp vd kilm sodt glQa ede cP quan nhd nQde Tilp tye dli mdi edng tdc ddnh gid cdn bf,
trong vifc thyc hifn edc quyin ldp phdp, hdnh edng chQe trdn cd sd edn cQ vdo kit qud, hifu
phdp, tQ phdp. Do vgy, cln tilp tye thi chl qu& cdng tdc; thim quyin ddnh gid thufc v l
hda nguydn tic ndu trfn trong edc luft ban trdch nhifm ciia ngUdi dQng diu cd quan sQ
hdnh mdi hofe cdc luft sQa dli, b l sung. Bdn dyng cdn bf, edng chQc. Thyc hifn vife ddnh
cgnh dd, cln hodn thifn hf thing phdp ludt gid edn bf, cdng chQc chQ ylu dya vdo mQc
nhkm dilu chTnh cde ITnh vye cy thi cCia ddi df hodn thdnh nhifm vy, hifu qud thyc t l cdng
sing xa hfi, nhU quyin con ngUdi, quyin ty vife cQa cdn bf, cdng chQe vd sy tin nhifm
do, ddn chQ cCia edng ddn, md rfng ddn chCi cCia ding nghifp, eCia ngQdi ddn cd liSn quan
trye tilp. Thi c h l hda chQ trUdng da dgng hda din cdng vifc cCia cdn bf, cdng chQe dd. Dli
edc hInh thUc sd hQu, ede thdnh phdn kinh t l , mdi edng tde quy hogch, ludn ehuyin edn bf,
cdc logi htnh doanh nghifp; thi chl hda quan bdo ddm lya ehpn, ddo tgo dQng ngQdi cd dQc,
dilm phdt triln gido dye vd phdt triln khoa hpc ed tdi, ed tdm huylt vdl edng vifc. Rd sodt sQa

Khoa hpc chinh tii - So 09/2017

28 • Xdy dung, hodn thien Nhd
doi, b l sung ehfnh sdch d l i vdi can bd, cdng
ChQc theo hUdng khuyen khich cdn bd, cdng
ChQe hoan thdnh tdt nhifm vy; khae phue che
dp dai ngp theo kieu "binh quan", Idm hgn che
tfnh tfch eye cua edn bd, edng ehQc. Sdm ed
chfnh sdch, che dp dai ngp de dpng vien can
bd, cdng chQc yen tdm di sau nghien cQu nang
cao trinh dp chuydn mdn nghiep vy, khdng
nhat thiet phai tim mpi cdch de dgt dUpc chQc
vy lanh dgo, quan If. Quy djnh cde c h l dp,
chfnh sdch lidn quan de'n v i f c phdt hien, t u y i n
chpn, tien cQ, bdi dQdng, trpng dung vd dai ngd
ngUdi cd tai nang trong hogt ddng cdng vy.
- Tidp tqc ddi mdi phddng thdc lanh dao
cda Dkng ddi vdi Nhd mJdc
Mot trong nhQng dae trdng cd ban cua Nhd
nude phap quyen XHCN Viet Nam la cd sU lanh
dgo eCia Dang Cdng san. O l dap Qng yeu cau
doi mdi phUPng thQc lanh dgo eua Oang trong
xdy dung, hoan thifn Nhd nude phdp q u y i n
XHCN c l n tdp trung thyc hien hai nhdm giai
phdp Idn. Nhdm thd nhat, gom cde giai phap
ve xay dyng, chfnh don Dang, de Dang xQng
dang ia dpi tien phong cua giai cap cdng nhan,
thyc sQ trong sach, vQng mgnh; dQ nang lUc trf
tue va uy tfn lam trdn trpng traeh cQa lyc IUdng
lanh dgo nha nude va xa hdi. Nhom thO hai,
gdm mdt s l giai phdp v l doi mdi n f i dung va
phQdng thQc lanh dao eua Dang ddi vdi Nhd
nude nhu t i l p tuc nghien cQu ii lufn va tong k i t
thyc tidn vephdn djnh vai trd tanh dgo cua Dang
va chdc ndng quan ly cua Nha nudc. Xdy dyng
va hoan thifn quy che phdi hdp lam viec giQa
cP quan, to chQc Oang vdi cd quan, to chQc
nhd nude 6 tat ca cac cap theo phQdng eham
tdn trpng D i l u Id Odng; tdn trpng Hie'n phap,
phap ludt, the c h l cQa cd quan nha nQde, tfnh
den dge thu cua tQng ITnh vye ndi dung lanh
dao. Tid'p tye t i n g ket vd doi mdi ndi dung,
phUdng thQc lanh dgo cua Dang trong ITnh vye
xay dyng nhd nude, xdy dyng va to ehQc thye
hien phdp luat, nhat la edi each hanh chfnh,
cai cdch tu phap. Tang cddng cdng tdc k i l m
tra, bao v f npi bd cQa Dang, chl dgo sdt sao
hdn ddi vdi hogt ddng thanh tra vd hogt ddng
cQa cdc cd quan bao v f phdp ludt khac. VJ
cuoi cung Id tang cudng s y Idnh dgo cua eio
cap Qy dang d l i vdi cdng tac can bd trong b^
mdy nhd nUde, bao ddm Dang thd'ng nhat lanh
dgo edng tde can bp va quan If dpi ngu can t)$.
- Tdng cUdng vai trd gidm sat cCia M$t tr^i\
Td qud'c vd cac doan the nhan dan
Trong Nhd nUdc phdp q u y i n XHCN,
quyen lyc nhan ddn Id quyen lyc g i c , do viy,
"quyen giam sat cQa Nhan ddn doi vdi bo miy
nha nude la quyen giam sdt cQa nhQng ngudi
chu cQa quan ly nhd nudc". Oe bao dam quy^n
lyc nhd nydc dupc k i l m sodt day dCi va hi$u
qua, c l n thie't lap ed che phap II gidm sat xa
hdi dd'i vdi hogt dpng cQa bd mdy nha nudc,
tranh sy Igm q u y i n eua cdc cd quan cftng
quyen. Sy k i t hpp giQa gidm sdt eua nha ni/dc
vdi gidm sdt xd hpi dd'i vdi viec thyc thi quin
li nhd nudc, gdp p h i n phat huy tinh tfch ci,ic,
hieu lyc, h i f u qua trong thye thi quyin lyc (nhu
c l u ty than ciia xa hdi dan chQ). Trong d6, cSn ,
phdt huy vai trd cCia Mat trdn To quoc, cdc to
chQc ehfnh trj - xa hdi va nhan ddn vao qua
trinh phan b i f n chfnh sdeh, phap luft eua Nhi
nQde. Xdy dyng cd che phdn bien nham bio
dam "nhQng •^ k i l n , nguydn vpng vd sdng kien
cua Nhan dan cd vai trd quan trpng trong vi$c
hinh thdnh dudng I6i doi mdi eiDa Ddng". Do
dd, chT khi nao hogt ddng phan bifn, gidm sat
eua nhdn ddn dddc phat huy dan chili dgi dien
vdi dan chu tryc tiep ket hpp mot edch hOp li,
thi n l n ddn chQ XHCN mdi dat hifu quS IrSn
thQc t e a
'•^''BCSyn, VSn kien D?i hdi d^i bieu to^nquiclinlhS
XII, van phongTrung Udng Dang, HN. 2016,tr.79v439
^Xem: Nghj quy^t s6 ^Q-HQfTVJ ngay 25/1/2017cQa
HSi nghj lan thiJt sau BCH TU Dang khoa XII ve M$f s^
vin dS vi tiip ti^c doi mdi. s^p xip ti chiic bg miy cUa
he thing chlnh trj tinh ggn, ho^t dgng hiiu iqc, hieu qui
' Xem bai viet: Dang lanh d^o xay di/ng NhM ntSdc
phap quyen xa hdi chO nghTa Viet Nam cda TS. Dinli
The Huynh trong cu6n "Xiy d/ng Nha nis&c phSp
quyen xa hoi ch& nghTa, kinh nghiem Vi$t Nam, fdnlJ
nghi$m Trung Quoc", Hfi dong I'? lufn Trung ifdng,
Nxb CTQG, HN. 2015. tr.44
Khna hoc chinh tri - So 09/2017