BAHAN AJAR VOCABULARY I

DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL

AFFIXES

Master the sound system

The basic structural patterns
A limited number of vocabulary items of
the target language
Structure which is close system has likely been
given more emphasis than vocabulary.

Why should we bother with vocabulary

enrichment anyway?

It is assumed that there is correlation between

the size of one’s vocabulary with the
intelligence growth
 FUNCTIONAL WORDS AND CONTENT
WORDS
Two kinds of lexical units in English :
1. Cats eat fish
2. My little daughter doesn’t speak English
Note:
The first sentence consist of three words , the
second are seven words each.
The underlined words are not the same as those
which aren’t underlined. Such as my, does are
called functional words.
Content words are used to express cultural
content. They consist of 1) noun, 2) verbs,
3)adjectives and 4)adverbs.
They have more or less independent meaning.

Words are not the smallest units of meaning and

syntax in a language.
There are various types of morphemes in human
language:
- Roots - affixes -prefixes -suffixes -
infixes - inflectional affixes -derivational
affixes - free and bound morphemes
 WORDS AND MORPHEMES
A word is any unit of language that in writing,
appears between spaces or between a space
and a hyphen’.
-Matchbox - match box - match-box
Word are very dissimilar in the ways in which
they represent meanings.
- Text - textbook
- Cat - cats
 Notes:
Words such as text, cat each conveys a single,
quite specific meaning. A word like textbook,
however containt two units of meaning both of
which may occur independently (text and
book)
 ROOTS AND AFFIXES
• Free morphemes provide the basic element in
words
• Bound morphemes can be attached to free
morphemes to create other words.
Free morphemes bound morphemes
(words, roots/bases (prefixes - suffixes)
-happy - ness
-quick -en
 DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES
NOTE:
Not all affixes have the same function when
attached to the root or base.
When the affixes change the class of a root or
base then they are usually called derivational
affixes.
Root/base affix new words
-Happy -ness -happiness
 INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES
In English we have inflectional affixes to indicate
the following:
1. Pural forms such as:
-s book = books
-en child children
2. Possessions such as :
John’s book
John and Mary’s house
3. Third singular verb marker
-mother always cooks rice
4. Tense markers
he worked hard yesterday
5. Pronouns have different forms in terms of
function.
as a subject : she is a teacher
as an object : I met her yesterday
as possessive : is this bag hers? It’s her bag
 CONFOUND WORDS
Words part 1 part 2 meanings
-Campfire camp fire api unggun
-Catwalk cat walk jalan sempit
each of the words consist of two parts. These
two parts make up one meaningful unit.
such as campfire, catwalk are usually called
compound words
Compound words are formed by combining two
or more words into unit with a perceptible
lexical meaning
1. N + N = classroom
2. Adj + N = greenhouse
3. Prep + prep = upon, into
4. V + Prep = takeover
5. N+ V = sunbathe
 BLENDS
In English there are various ways to form new
words . One of the ways is by blending two
original words
Motor + hotel = motel
Breakfast + lunch = brunch
Blending is the fusion of two words into one,
usually the first part of one word with the last
part of the another.
 CLIPPED FORMS
Clipping is a process in which a word is formed
by shortening a longer one.

1. My youngest daughter likes chocs very much

2. Mr. smith is our new vocab teacher
Those words are actually the abbreviations of
chocolates and vocabulary.
 ACRONYMS
Acronyms are the result of forming a word from
the first letter or letters of each word in a
phrase. Such as :
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
VIP = Very Important Person
WOMAN = World Organization of Mothers of
All Nations