SOLUTION

5.2.1. Here are a number of terms introducing the reader to basic legal terminology [p. 1];
match the terms to their appropriate definitions:

Term Definition

a. authority 1. a body that is appointed to make a judgment or inquiry

b. court 2. a country`s body of judges
c. govern 3. an act or acts passed by a law-making body
d. judge 4. behavior recognized by a community as binding or enforceable by
authority
e. law enforcement 5. legal proceedings
agency
f. lawyers 6. an official body that has authority to try criminals, resolve disputes, or
make other legal decisions
g. legal action 7. an organization responsible for enforcing the law, especially the police
h. legal system 8. a senior official in a court of law
i. legislation 9. the body or system of rules recognized by a community that are
enforceable by established process
j. rule 10. the control resulting from following a community`s system of rules
k. the judiciary 11. members of the legal profession
l. tribunal 12. to rule a society and control the behavior of its members

A B C D E F G H I J K L

10 6 12 8 7 11 5 9 3 4 2 1

5.2.2. Prepositions at law [p. 12] – Below are some typical legal phrases. What preposition do
you use with the following phrases?

 To accuse someone ____OF______ something

 To be liable ___FOR_____ something
 To sentence someone ____TO______ a punishment
 To claim damages ____FOR______ something
 To be entitled _____TO_______ compensation
 To bring a case ____AGAINST_____ someone
  To be guilty ____OF______ an offence
 To fine someone ____FOR______ something

5.2.3. Review test [p. 13] – Fill in the left column with the right term for the definition given in
the right column:

Legal term Definition

JUDICIARY 1. A country`s body of judges

JUDGE 2. Senior official in a court of law

COMMON LAW 3. System of laws which evolved from the tribal and local laws in England

ROMAN LAW 4. System of laws which evolved in the 8th century BC

CRIMINAL LAW 5. The branch of law dealing with crime

PROSECUTOR 6. Person who institutes a criminal case

PLAINTIFF 7. Person who makes a claim in a civil case

DAMAGES 8. The defendant normally pays this to the plaintiff

JURY 9. Panel of 12 people who decide whether the accused committed a crime

BARRISTER 10. Lawyer who presents a case to a higher court

SOLICITOR 11. Lawyer who advises clients

MAGISTRATE 12. Untrained lawyer who presides over the lowest criminal court

DEFENDANT 13. Person against whom a civil case is brought

LEGISLATION 14. An act passed by a law-making body

AUTHORITY 15. The control resulting from following a community`s system of rules

PUPILLAGE 16. ‘apprenticeship’ served by trainee barristers

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 TENANCY 17. Becoming an assistant to a practicing barrister

HOUSE OF LORDS 18. Court which hears appeals from the Court of Appeal

5.2.4. Director`s Service Agreement [p. 24] – link the following paragraph titles from a
Director`s Service Agreement to the details of the contents of each paragraph:

Paragraph title Definition

1. Appointment a. How the contract may be ended

2. Remuneration b. Procedures for handling disagreements
3. Confidentiality c. Rules about publishing information
4. Termination d. Rules for payment when the director is away as a result of illness
5. Period of employment e. The date when the present contract comes to an end
6. Notice period f. The fixed term of the contract
7. holidays g. the number of working day when the director can be away from
work
8. sick pay h. the pay package
9. grievance procedure i. the period of advance notice required to terminate the contract
10. hours of work j. this describes the title and general employment of the director
11. expiry of appointment k. when and how the director is expected to discharge his/her work
duties

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

J H C A F I G D B K E

5.2.5. Sentencing [pp. 40-41] – below is a range of sentences that may be imposed; match each
sentence to its definition:

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Sentence Definition

1. bond a. when two or more terms of imprisonment are served together

2. capital punishment b. a place for long-term incarceration for a crime
3. jail c. a place of confinement for time periods longer than those usual for a
police station lock-up and shorter than those usual for a prison
4. parole d. unpaid work undertaken pursuant to a court order upon conviction for
an offence in lieu of a sentence of imprisonment
5. imprisonment e. a release from prison, before a sentence is finished, that depends on the
person ‘keeping clean’ and doing what (s)he is supposed to do while
out. It the person fails to meet the conditions, the rest of the sentence
must be served.
6. probation f. conduct required for criminals to get out of jail early or other
privileges while in prison
7. concurrent sentence g. a sentence (usually ‘jail time’) that the judge allows the convicted
person to avoid serving (e.g. if the person continues on good behavior,
completes community service, etc)
8. binding over h. a document that promises to pay money if a particular future event
happens, or a sum of money that is put up and will be lost if that event
happens
9. suspended sentence i. an act by which the court requires a bond or bail money
10. peace bond j. the sentencing of a criminal to a period of time during which they will
be deprived of their freedom
11. community service k. a bond, required by a judge of a person likely to ‘breach the peace’, to
guarantee the person`s good behavior for a period of time
12. determinate sentence l. an exact prison term that is set by law, rather than one that may be
shortened for good behavior
13. prison m. a kind of punishment given out as part of a sentence, which mean that
instead of jailing a person convicted of a crime, a judge will order that
the person reports to an officer regularly and according to a set
schedule
14. good behaviour n. the most severe of all sentences: that of death; also known as death
penalty

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

H N C E J M A I G K D L B F

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6.2.1. Law of Commercial Transactions [pp. 48-49] – Match the main areas of commercial law
given below to their contents in the right-hand column.
Areas of commercial law
a. banking
b. bankruptcy
c. commercial law
d. consumer credit
e. contracts
f. debtor and creditor
g. landlord and tenant
h. mortgages
i. negotiable instruments
j. real estate transactions
k. sales
l. secured transactions
A B C D
Description
1. these regulations establish which institutions may offer
credit and debit facilities
2. this law provides for the development of a plan that allows a
debtor, who is unable to pay his creditors, to resolve his
debts through the division of his assets among his creditors
3. this branch of law governs the broad areas of business,
commerce, and consumer transactions
4. this law regulates how consumer may finance transactions
without having to pay the full cost of the merchandise at the
time of the transaction
5. this law covers promises that the law will enforce; it
provides remedies if a promise is breached.
6. this law governs situations where one party is unable to pay
a monetary debt to another
7. this law governs the rental of commercial and residential
property; the basis of the legal relationship between the
parties is grounded in both contract and property law
8. this transaction involves the transfer of an interest in land as
a security for a loan or other obligation; it is the most
common method of financing real estate transactions
9. these are ‘unconditioned writings’ that promise or order the
payment of a fixed amount of money; drafts and notes are
the two main categories
10. the agreement to sell between a buyer and seller s
governed by the general principles of contract law; it is
normally required that these types of contract be in writing
11. this branch of law regulates every phase of a transaction
for the sale of goods and provides remedies for problems that
may arise; it provides for implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness
12. this interest arises when in exchange for a type of loan a
borrower agrees, in a security agreement, that a lender (the
secured party) may take specified collateral owned by the
borrower if he should default on the loan.
E F G H I J K L
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

6.2.2. Agency agreements [p.50] – Match the terms in the first two columns to their respective
definitions:
Term 1 Term 2 Definition 1 Definition 2

Attorney Beneficiary One that hires others to A person entitled to receive under
perform a service or engage the terms of a will
in an activity in exchange for
compensation

Executor Client An officer appointed by the A person who by reason of

shareholders to represent incapacity is under the control of
their interests another

Trustee Employee An individual who, by legal A person who serves others

appointment or by the effect
of a written law, is given
custody of both the property
and the person of one who is
unable to manage his own
affairs, such as a child or
mentally-disabled person

Master Heir An individual or entity (as a A person hired by another to

corporation) having control perform a service especially for
or authority over another wages or salary and who is under
the other`s control

Guardian Servant A person specifically A person or entity named or

appointed by a testator to otherwise entitled to receive the
administer the will ensuring principal or income or both from
that final wishes are a trust
respected(i.e. that the will is
property ‘executed’)

Corporate Stockholder A person authorized to act on A person who buys the services
director another`s behalf as a lawyer of another, in this case legal
services

Employer Ward A natural or legal person to An owner of corporate stock

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 whom property is committed
to be administered for the
benefit of a beneficiary (as a
person or charitable
organization)

Solution

Term 1 Term 2 Definition 1 Definition 2

Attorney Client A person authorized to act on A person who buys the services
another`s behalf as a lawyer of another, in this case legal
services

Executor Heir A person specifically A person entitled to receive under

appointed by a testator to the terms of a will
administer the will ensuring
that final wishes are
respected(i.e. that the will is
property ‘executed’)

Trustee Beneficiary A natural or legal person to A person or entity named or

whom property is committed otherwise entitled to receive the
to be administered for the principal or income or both from
benefit of a beneficiary (as a a trust
person or charitable
organization)

Master Servant An individual or entity (as a A person who serves others

corporation) having control
or authority over another

Guardian Ward An individual who, by legal A person who by reason of

appointment or by the effect incapacity is under the control of
of a written law, is given another
custody of both the property
and the person of one who is
unable to manage his own
affairs, such as a child or
mentally-disabled person

7
Corporate Stockholder An officer appointed by the An owner of corporate stock
director shareholders to represent
their interests

Employer Employee One that hires others to A person hired by another to

perform a service or engage perform a service especially for
in an activity in exchange for wages or salary and who is under
compensation the other`s control