21st Century Literature From the Philippines And the World

● Types of Origins
○ Geographic Origin › the place where a piece of literature is from.
○ Linguistic Origin › the language origin of a piece.
○ Ethnic Origin › includes cultural background.

Example: Leron – Leron Sinta

The Geographic Origin › Luzon

The Linguistic Origin › Tagalog

The Ethnic Origin › "Bukid - Bukid"/Background

Different Period Of Philippines Literature

1.) Pre-Colonial Period [Bc - 1564]

A. Characteristic
- Based on the oral Traditions
- Based on the ideology and phraseology
B. Literary Forms

In Tagalog → Bugtong
Riddles ⟨ Cebuano → Tigmo
Bikol → Patotdon
Ilonggo → Paktakon

Proverbs/ Salawikain
› Wise sayings that contain metaphors.

Tanaga
› A mono-rhyming/heptasyllabic quatrains
● 7 syllables in each line [4 lines]
● Expressing insights and lessons in life.

Folk songs
› a form of folk lyric which expresses hope and aspirations.

Folk tales
› a story passed on by word of mouth, or legend or myth shared among people of a culture.

A. Myths
 › explains how the world was created and how certain animals possess human traits and
characteristics.

Examples: [Characters]

Bathala → Zeus

Mayari → Bathala's most beautiful daughter

Hanan → Goddess of the Morning

Tala → Goddess of the Stars

Dumakulen → Strong God

Anitun Tabu → God of Water

Idiyante → Goddess of Good Deeds, Mother of Anitun

and Dumakulen

Dumagan → God of Harvest, Father of Anitun and

Dumakulen

Amanikable → God of the Sea

Ikapati / Lakapati → Goddess of cultivated land

Mapulon → God of the season

Anagolay → Goddess of lost things

Apolaki → God of Sun and War

Dian Masalanta → Goddess of lovers and children

Galang Kaluluwa → A friend of Bathala, He fell ill and

died

Vlilang Kululuwa → An Enemy of Bathala, He waged a

war and died; Body was burned.

Sitan → Wants to rule the world

Mangagaway → wicked shapeshifter, who is known to

be evil. He can heal through his powers.

Mangkukulam → Shapeshifter; Known to make anything

into a reality through his words.
 B. Legends
›Traditional stories are sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated.

C. Fables
›Uses animal characteristics and allegory
›Always teaches a lesson

D. Epics/Epiko
› Long narrative about heroes and supernatural events.
E. Fantasy Stories
›Deals with underworld characters

2. Spanish Colonial (1565-1863)

A. Characteristics
›Two district classifications.

● Religious literature
Religious lyrics were written by Latin poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog.
○ Examples:
› Pasyon
A long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ.
›Senako
A dramatization of the Pasyon.

● Secular Literature
Non-religious literature.
○ Examples:
Awit - is a type of Filipino poem, consisting of 12-syllable quatrains. It follows the pattern of
rhyming stanzas established in the Philippine epic Pasyon. It is similar in form to the corridor.

Korido - is a form of Philippine literature or a type of poem which is a part of Spanish influence.
It is a generic term used for Filipino romance songs or poems, also known as metric romances.
It consists of 8 syllables in each line and four lines in each paragraph. It is often recited as a
melodic poem. An example of a korido is the "Ibong Adarna"

Phrase Narrative - Written to prescribe proper decorum.

3.) Nationalistic/Propaganda & Revolutionary Period (1864-1896)

A. Characteristics
›Planted Seeds of Nationalism in Filipinos.
›Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog.
›They addressed the masses instead of intelligentia.

B. Literary Forms
a. Propaganda Literature
› Something to change (They wanted piece)
› Neformatory of Objectives
› Included political essays, satires editorial, news Articles
examples of Propaganda Literature

Diariong Tagalog Written by Marcelo Del Pilar

La Solidaridad Written by Graciano Lopez

Political Novels

Noli Me Tángere Written by José Protasio Rizal Mercado Y

Alonso Realonda

El Filibusterismo Is a sequel to Noli me Tángere

b. Revolutionary Literature
› More realistic and violent
› includes political essays and poetry
examples of Revolutionary Literature

Kayalaan Written by Emeilo Jacinto

True Decologue Written by Apolinario Mabini

Ang Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas Written by Andres Bonifacio

4.) American Colonial Period (1910-1945)

A. Characteristics
›Jose Garcia Villa Held the award; "The Poet of the Century"
B. Literary Forms
● Tagalog Novels
○ Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos
● Short Stories
○ Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitiz
● Novels
 ○ Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia Villa

I. Period of Apprenticeship 1900-1930

a. of apprenticeship or imitation.
b. is said to be the stage of imitation of the written works of American writers.
II. Period of Emergence
a. Realism & Romantiction
b. was said to be a time of self-discovery and of rapid growth.

5.) Japanese Occupation Period 1914-1945

The Philippines Newspaper Articles

The Tribune
The Philippines Review

[During this time Filipino Literature was given a break. ಥ‿ಥ]

A. Literary Forms
1. Haiku
5 ––––
7 ––––
5 ––––
→ A free verse poem, it is short and covers a wide scope in meaning.
2. Tanaga
4 ––––
7 ––––
9 ––––
→type of Filipino poem using four lines, each line having seven syllables only. The art
exemplifies teachings, idioms, feelings, and ways of life. It usually contains many figures of speech.
3. Usual Form (Karaniwang Anyo)
→ It is the usual and common form of poetry.

6. The Rebirth of Freedom (1945-1970)

Carlos Palanca Sr. (1945-1970)
→ Carlos Palanca Memorial Award for Literature 1945
New Society (1972-1980)
→ Developments of the Philippines

7.) Contemporary/ Modern Period (1970-Present)

● Martial law 1972
○ the law applied in occupied territory by the military authority of the occupying
power.
● Third Republic (1981-1985)
○ was unguarded when the United States recognized Philippine Independence.