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AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE, SECOND FLOOR, SULTAN TOWER, ROORKEE - 247667 (UTTARANCHAL) EMAIL: pcourses@hotmail.com Ph: (01332) 266328, 9412903929, 9897394020
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AMIE Study Material & Admission Packages AMIE(I) Study Circle, Roorkee www.amiestudycircle.com
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AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE, SECOND FLOOR, SULTAN TOWER, ROORKEE - 247667 (UTTARANCHAL) EMAIL: pcourses@hotmail.com Ph: (01332) 266328, 9412903929
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AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE, IInd FLOOR, SULTAN TOWER, ROORKEE - 247667 (UTTARANCHAL) EMAIL: pcourses@hotmail.com Ph: (01332) 266328, 9412903929 Web: www.amiestudycircle.com
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AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE, SECOND FLOOR, SULTAN TOWER, ROORKEE - 247667 (UTTARAKHAND) EMAIL: pcourses@hotmail.com Ph: (01332) 266328 Web: www.amiestudycircle.com
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5'16:7AN zEL 407 (1468)
IIESIGN O[' ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Time : Three hours
Mqximum Marks z 100
Answer FlvE questians, taking ANY TwO,toz Group A,
ANY Two/rom Grcup B and ALLfrom Group C.
All parts of a question (a,b,etc.) should

be answered at one place.
,An.q*yershould be hrief md to-the-point md be rupplemented
with neat sketches. Unnecessory long answerc may
result in loss of marks.
Auv nissiNg * *,Vrfff suitabtv sivins
,W;:"ff:yo
Figwes on the right-hand side morgin indicate full mark.
Group A
t" (a) State briefly the considerations that determinethe
maximum rating of a d.c. machine of a given
diameter. l0
(D) Determine the maximum rated output that can be
obtained frorn a 375 rpm d.c. generator without
exceeding a peripheral speed of40 m/sec, an sverage
emf of 7 V in each conductor and an eloctric loading ,
of 45,000 A conductor per meter. Derive the formirla

used. l0
2. (a) Discuss the factors which must be oonsidered in the

choice of the number of poles for a d.c. rnachine. 10
(6) Explain the guiding factors for selestion of armahre

stots of a d.c. mactrine. l0
('Iurn Qver\
41
Winding factor = 0.955

3. A d.c. shunt motor, having armatur€ resisancc of 0'5 fl,
is to be started by a controller which keeps the curront Stacing factor: 0.9
between upper and lower limits of 100 A and 75 A, Current densrfV = 4 A./mm2
respectively. The supply voltage is fl)O V Work out the No. ofslots per pole per phase = 3
number of resistance steps and the values of resistance L h, ='1.5
elements. Derivethe formulaused. 20
G. (a) 'Transformer connected to an overhead transmission

1. (a) Calculatethe bnrstrfriction andbnr$ cmtactresistance line may be subjected. to lightings surges with
losses in a 4-pole,500[ 100klV,.800rpm shunt non-uniform potential distribution along its windings,*
generator frrom tha following data :
explain. 10
Commutator diameter = 24 cm
Commutator lengtlh = 16 cm (D) The tank of a 575 kVAnatural oil cooled transformer
Brush pr€ssure = 150 g/cm2 has thedirensions,lengdl width andheightas 105 crn,
Coefficient of friaion = 0.24 65 cm and 150 cm, respectively. The full load loss is
Brush current density = 7'5 Ncmz 6.5 kW. Find a suitable arrangement of 5 cm diametcr
Erush contact drop = I V/brush set. 10 tubes space 7.5 cm between tubes and aversge length
(6) Derive an expression for the minimum number of ofeachtube isl27"5 cm. Given: ts
commutator segments required in a d.c. machine" r.ti Wlm' l"Cdue to convection = 6"5
Wli t"Cdue to radiation:6
Gmup B lmprovements in convection due to pnrvision
5" {a) Whf ismeantby specificrnagnetic and electric loadinp of tubes :35 o/o
of rotating machine ? Discuss the factors which affest Mean temperature rise of walls = 35 'C
the choice of specific loadings in an induction motor" i0
(&) Find ecmain dimensiong numberofstatortnns, size of
7. (a) Show that the oueut per rpm of a three-phasc
induction motor is proportional to volume of its stator
conductor and number of stator sloB ofa 5 h.p., 400 V,
three-phase, 4-pole squirrel cage induction motor
bore. l0
using stardelta starten Assume the following data : l0 (6) Find the current in the bars and end rings of a cage
rotor ofa 6pole, three-phase induction motor having
Average flux density in the air Bap = 0'46 Wb/rnl
72 stator slots with 15 conductors in each slot, if the
Ampere conductors per meter of armature
periphery= 22x lG stator current per phase is 20A andtherotorslots
FuH loadeffi ciency:g3yo are 55. Hence, find the suitable size of cage bars and
Futl [oadp"f. =0.84 logging errtl rings. i0
S'i{, ,'iiJLi{ ; nl. ,{r}? {1468) (2 ) ( ( l,twttirued'! S'IS:",1.A.N; kI" 407(l.t6S) (3 ) { Tum dhur I
42
8. (a) Why are powcr transformers designed to have (ir) llrhat is the uso of Potier's fianglo ?
maxirnum ef,ficiency at or near full load, whereas
distnlbution transformers are designed to have ma:rimum (.r) A synchronous mdor devclops some mechanical
4
efficiency at loads quite lowerthanthe full load' powcr, eve,n ifthc ficld is uncxcihd. Is it cylin&ical
(b) Explain fie principle of on load apchanger' I or salientpole machine ?
(c) Why are craneduty induction motors generally

(rl) What isthefrequency of the generatedvoltage in
a &polc, l$0 rpm d"c. shunt generator ?
aesigneO for possibte value, i.e,' 0'65 Wb/mz of
specific magnctic loading ? (xit) What is the nameof thewindingenrbeddedinthe
' GrcuP C
pole shoes of large d.c" machincs ?
20x I (rCI \[hy is a d.c. shunt gencrator used for battery

9" Answerthe foltowing inbrief :
charging?
(r) fuiindwtiqrmcmcanbereprescnodbyanequivalent
(riv) Whilecontrolling the speed of a d"c. shunt motor,
transformer. Are their p.u. magnaising currents of
whntshould be donc to achieve e constanttorquo
the sarnc order ?
drive ?
(rr') What measue can be taken for minimizing the effect
(rvlt Wtrv is only a differentially compounded d.u.
of crawling?
gt nl*rator suitable for mrc we)iding ?
(rri) Which is the cheapest method of starting of a 3-phase
(:rri) For urtrrlt purpose grain<riented iaurinatsdl slmw$"*
induction motor and whY ?
rire generattry used in a tnansformof sore ?'
(lv) Whilecontolling induction motor 1pee4 how can
(xuil) [s it possihle to coilrect pilrasor group n and piramr
supcrsynchronous speed be achieved ?
group lltr transfonners in parailei ?
(v) Why is it that the vf ratio is keptconstant while
*ot ottiogtt" s@ of 3-phase induction motorby
(rviii)In I star-star connecteri transfonner, if adelta
tertiary is pmvided, what is the major reason ?
varyingthe suPPtY frcquencY ?
yoke of ad'c' machinenotlaminate4
(.rix) The high frequency hum in a transfornner is due [o
(v0 Why is the
magnetosFictiotr. Is this statemant true orfalse 7
whereas the armafure core is larninated ?
(vrfl Why is an additional central limbwitranair-gap

(.rx) How r,vi[[ tlrc eddy cument losses change with tho
thickness ofmagnetic rnaterial laminations ?
sometimes provided in weldingtransforrrer ?
(viii) Why ar'e circular coils always preferred over

-
redangular coils for windin'g a transfeirmer ?
{4} (Continued\
ti'trr1:'?8'b*: EI- 44? {t'{6S} S'lfi;?AN:fil.,,{fi?il4$i}} { 5,1 Afr.*.t90$
43
W'16:7AN: EL 407 (1468)
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Time : Three hours

Maximum Marks : 100
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWo .fro* Group A,

AI{Y Two from Group B and ALL from Group C.
All parts of a question (a,b, etc.) should

Answer should be brief od to+he-point and be supplemented

with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers may
Any missing or wrong data .may be assumed suitably giving

proper justification.
Fignes on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.
Group A
l. (a) Discuss the following briefly with respect to design of

dc machines.
Advantages of high magnetic loading
Advantage ofhigh electric loading
Disadvantage of high magnetic loading
Disadvantage ofhigh electric loading. 2+2+2+2
(b) How is the number of poles in a dc machine decided ? 6
(c) What factors govern the design of field winding of a

dc mashine ? 6
(Turn Over )
44
2. (o) A de machine is to be designed from the following (b) Findthe followingfor a1250 kVA, 33/6.6kV,3-phase,
data. specific naagnetie loading 0.45 T, specifis electric 50 Hz core type transforrner
loacliirg 17500Arnp eond/m. Determine the diarrrctcr (i) main dirnension of core
and length of annafurre ancl number of a.nnatur' (ir) main dunensions ofwindow.
eoncluetors The rnachine is 10 kW 2?{t V, 1000 rpm. Assume maximum flux density-l'S T' and current
Make suitable assumption. lCI
densi6r 2"5 A/mm2. I\{ake suitable other nssumptions.
(e) A 400 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 7 +7
0"5 Ohm" Find the values of, resistance elerrrents of 6. (a) Compare oage and wound rotor incluction n:otor
starterto tirnitthe maximrum ourrent io 100Aand ratio as regards their advantage and disadvantages. 6
of maximum ourrent to minimum current during
startingto 1.5" 6 (D) Find the main dimension of stator frame and number
ofstatorturns perphase of 30kW, 440Y, 3-phase,
(c) What factors govern the choiee of types of armature induction motor.
5 pole 50 Hz, clelta connected cage
winding of a dc machine ? 4 Assume specific magnetic loading 0.48 T, specific
electrie loading 26000Amp cond/m, efiiciency 0.88,
3" (o) Draw the lay outs of first four poles and complete
power factor 0.86. t4
interconnection ofcoils for a I pole 90 slot alternator.
5+5
(b) S/rite a short note on armature reaction in a synchronous 7" Discuss the following in distribution system design :
machine. 6
(a) Loeation of distribution transformer.
(c) What is it necessary to use breadth and pitch factors
(D) Main equipments in distribution sub station.
a 5
in finding emf of an alternator" 2+2
(c) Number and sizes of distribution substations. 5
4. Write short notes on : 6-+ 7 +7
@ Choice of distrubution scheme. 5
(a) Design of rheostat
(b) Causes of harmonics in ac machines

8" (a) What is a load duration curve ? How is it Plotted ? 3+3
(c) Classification of armature windings of ac machines. (b) How is the maximum demand for a given area
determined. 4
Group B
(c) How is no load current of induction motor
5" (a) Discuss the following briefly in the design ofhansformer" determined"
Window space, choice of specifie magnetie loading,
(d) How is the tank of a transformer designed.
choice of eurrent density. 2+2+2
W' l6:7FN : EI. 4A7 ( 1468) t2) (Cctntinued) W'16:7FN: EL 407 (1468) (3 ) ( Turn Over )
45
Group C
9. Give very brief answer : 10x2
(r) Applications ofdc motor
(rr) What is back emf ?
(iii) What is the use of interpoles in dc machines ?
(i"v) What material is used for brushes and why ?

(v) What are tooth harmonics ?
(vl) What is the reasons of transfonner noise ?
(uii) What is an ants transformer ?
(viii) What is meant by crawling of an induction motor ?
(rx) What is a double cage rotor ?
(x) What is the purpose of earthing of an internal

installation?
W'16:7FN : EL 4A7 (1468) (4) AG- 1,550
46
S'17:?AN:8L407(f 468)
DESIGN OF EI,T]CTRICAL SYS,rEilf$

Time: TWee hours
Moximum Marks : 100
Answer FIYE questions, taking ANY TWOrpm Group A,

AI.IYTwo/r/ora Greup fr und ALLfrom Gnoup C"
All parts of a question ( u,b,etc.j should

be answered ot one place.
Answer should be brief and ta-th*-point md he supplewented
with neal sketches" Unnecessury lang answers ffi$y
rcsult fr loss af marks.
Anv mtrsins * **lf.ffry,,#"ff:ff0 *utrabtv sivins
fi'igures on the right-hand skle margdn indicate full narks.

Gmup A
l. (rz) Discussthcfollowinglubrief: 4xZ
(r) very high flux density in luits
Reasons for using a
ofdc machine dtsign.
(r0 \lfhy isfluxper pole r€duccd die toA,rmature

Rea*ion in dc machine, design ?
(iiflArnount of copper used is morc in a Z-polc dc -
machiuc ttan thrt in,f.Frle dc machirc, design.
(rv)Armrturc ovorhangs of a 2-pole dc machine will

bc grc.rcrdrsn that in &pok dc mechirc, dcr*ipr.
(a) lVhat rrp the factors, which f,ffcct mrin dimonsioffi

of de as well ac rnnchims. 6
{TwuOwrl
47
(c) Calculate the main dimensions of 20 HP, 1000 rpm

400-V dc rnotor, given mean flux density (A):0.32 (&) Tho shunt fletrd coil of a dc machine has to develop
A'L The tultage dmp in the coii is 40 V,
Wb/rn2 and specilic electric loading (g) * 16,000 amd mrnl-$CIO0
and the resistivity of, circular cunducf,ur"is $'021
nmpconductor per m. Assume efficiency of the motor
nhrm'mm?*n. '.fhe a{cpf"h of ,wiuding is 35 mrt
of90 percent. 6
approx.lruat*i3'amc! ttre lemg& eif rnean hrn is 1.4 rmrn"
Desi;gr the ooil so ttrraf f]&wfrr dis*ipatcd is"7$0 &rinlz
2. (a) Calculate the nurnber of sections and the resistancs of
of the tr:tnl coil srurf,eee, cursisfixag *rf *uter, imn*r, t*p
each section f,or a starter of a 300 V dc series motor
and berttom" Given the diarneter of ttlo insulatad
which has a total resistance of 0.12 ohm. The limiting
conducton is 0.2. mrn g;reater than thnt of" bar*
values of current during starting are 300 Amps and
conductor. lt!
226 Amps and the corresponding value of flux are in
fieratioof I.124: l. l0 (c) Discuss tfie varionrs f,acticrs tm be cofisi,S*r*d f^*r
decidimg
*'Lemgt&,nfAir #ap" of,dc nt**tdme *nrJ he'w
(r) Whst are the salient functions of a starter usecl for ds is it estirnat*d'I rl
motor starting. Further, describe main steps fcrllowed
in design of dc series motor starter. Group B
(c) Justiff that heating material element having a large 5. (a) Derive an expre.ssion t"or voltage, per terms
value of thermal resistivitywill dissipate less amount (Yr!:[r, = CJkve of a singh phan* trmnsfnrm*r
of heat. where 'Cl' is a i'*etclr amd ktdA. is rmting of the
Fmsfi;,rrn. 5
3. (a) lVhyarptheequalizerrings(connections) provided
with simple lap winding and, these (rings) not used {'&} Disctrss (i} signiflcance of 'C', .JX_t
with simple wave winding. (lr) Fcatnrs upon which '{.J' rf*,pemds, and
(D) Defrne; (f) Back PitctL (rr) Front Pitclu (iir) Winding (rO EITect of,service csncluetlsns up*n the
f,ac(or 'C', whgf6
*C' fa*$eir ig s,nrne as
Pirch and (ru) Commutator Pitch with regard to DC
armature winding" {hat iu ques,tions fio}.
(c) ExplairL propessive winding and rctnogresive winding (c) ltrhut are ttrcmethods employed feir 'flmolimg' flrr dry
in detail for DC rnachine" 3+3 as weil oil immersed typ*s oftransl'orner. 3+ 3
4" (a) What do yom understand by skin effect and tooth 6. (a) Derive an expression f,crr 'Output' of a single pha"se
ripples ? f)issus, dependence of frequ+".ncy on the skin

transfionner" 6
*ffest. 2+'2ao 2 (6) Hxplain rrsleli*m im befiu-'een c*rrs are& emd '"n'eipJrt r:f
irtrm anc! copper r:f m singl* ph*se tlantf*rrmer. 4
S"17"?i.N:Lfl,tttl?il4$8) i ": j ( {-)untiil*e.l'l
S'tr7:?At{:HL407{1468} t :l } i lww (twr )
48
(c) Determine the core and yoks dernensions for a 250 (rr) Necessary requirements of matorials used for
kVA, 50 H", 14, core tlpe &ansformer. The voltage Rheostats.
per turn (I/) is 15 V/turn" The window space factor
is 0.33, current density is 3 Amplmm'?and ma:rimum
(rr, Role of conservator and breather in a transformer in
general.
flux desity is 1. I Wb/mz. Given the distances between
the centnes of square section core is twice the width (rv) Ilarrnonic torquos and its reduction in three phase
of the core. l0 induction motor.
7. (a) Deterrnine the approximate diameter and length of (v) Justi$ that an increase in the value of dispersion
the rotor core, the number of stator slots and number coefficient results in a poor power factor in three
of conductor for a l5 HP, 400-V 3-phase, 1425 ryn phase inductormotor.
induction motor. Adopt a specific magnetic loading of
(vr) Consideration for design of interpols in dc machines"
0.45 Wb/m2 and a specific elec&ic loading of 220
(amp and cm). Assume that a full load officiencyof (vrr) Points to be considered in fixing the dimensions of
85 per cent and full load power factor of 0.tt. 10 dc machine slots.
(D) Justi$ that leakage r€aotanc€ plays a very important (vdii) Various materials used for brushes in dc machines.
and significant role in design of induction motor. 5
(lr) Core of a current transforurer should have a low
(c) which specific electric
\Mhat are the factors upon reluctance and low area loss, why ?
loading(q)dependsindesignofaninductionmotor. 5
(x) Ivlain steps in commutator design in a dc machine.
t" (a) Discuss advantages of employing 'Fractional slot
windings'.
(D) Ditrerentiate between Multiturn coils and single turn

coils in annatue windin&
(c) List important characteristics necessary for trans-

fomreroil.
(d) Significance of employing stepping of the core in
transformer design"
Grcup C
9. Answerfiefollowing inbnief: l0x?
(r) Effect oflAnnaturp Reaction on dc machine design.
S'17;7AN:8L4011468) ( 4 ) tContinued\
li' I 7: ?Alt{ :[i1.4{)7( I {f}8 i { 3 } "3i{}-i6ot)
49
W'17:?AN:RL407 (1468)
E)msIGN (}F. E[,UC".rfiIeA[, S'L $l'E$[l$

Iime : Thrce lnurs
Maximum ilfurks : I(10
Antwer F'lvlf r/ric,stions, hrking AliY ]'W(1/rilm Group A,

ANY Twoy''om Group B tnd At,t..fram Group C.
All perts uf a que,rtion ( a,b,etr.\ stsould

be answered ai one place"
Answer slwuld be brief *nd to-the-poiwt and he supplemented
with neut .s&clc&e.r. (lnneressary /oreg olaswef,s Mtty
ritsult in lass af marks
i nv m i s i tr s,,, w ed s w i t' utt ty * iv i n s
;f ,#:;, i,:::; t!:^;?;,w
".,o,
,Fegrres an lke righ*hand side imargfni ixdiaexr.rt fu{t w*trks.

Gtuup .&
l. (a) Whut arc the esscrnfial propefiies o{' reFistamaa

heating elerncnts'? Howwill you design such elsnl*m{s
in case of resi$lance heat!ng. Hlectrical ilrfarnt p(lw(lr
and supply veitagc are m*ntioarex{, 4 +"S
(&) In * d.c. machine. $lr* e[ectrcxnagne{ic torque is

Te :
Ka tS Ia anC tlre arrrrature gert*rateel e.m.f. ir*
Ea: Ka O wm. Shorv that tlre arn:ature e$ustants
Ka, appearing ln hoth'fe and Ho expressions are
dimensirrnally equ ivalent.
.,
(a) Enrimcrate the as$umptir\ns pertaining to the use
of irener;*lire,C $rafl"rsmatical model ol' D"L"
lnnchinss"
{, Turn t.}ter'!
50
(ii) Windingpitch
(&) Derive an expressicln for "specilic pcrnreance of a ( iii) [lqua I izr"r conncction.s
magpretic circuit in elt'ctrical rn:r:hirr,Js" I)c{irrc lcakage
pcrmeirnance. Group B
(c)
( (c) Derive an expression for'output'of a threc phase
Detentine the apparcnt flux density in thc teeth of a
transformer. 6
d.c. machine when lhc real flux density is 2. l5 wblm2;
slot pitch 28 rnm; slot width l0 nrm and the gr.oss core (6) Design for minimum cost of a single phase transformer. I
length 0.35 nr. The rrurnberof ventilatirrgducts is 4,
each l0 mm u.ide. The magrretising furce for a flux
(c) Design the width of the central limb of a single phase
transformer to be connected to a 230Y,50 Hz supply.
. densityof 2.15 rvb/ru2 is 55000A/m.'fhe iron stacking
Taking a flux densiry of I '0 wb/m2. The transformer is
factor is 0'9.
to deliver 3A, at 50 V. (Given Turn per volt, Te for
3, (ct) What are the "rnaiu dirnensions" in d.c. machine 150 VA= 4.0)
design ?
6. (a) A 1000 KVA" 6600/440Y,50 Hz,3-phase, delta/star,
(D) Frove that power developed by arrnature in k\tr/ of core type, oil immersed natural cooled (ON)
D.C. machine is given by the expression transformer has the following designed data :
Pa {ofl.n, Distance between centres of adjacent limbs: 0-47 m,

where allthe term has the usual meaning and Co is outer diameter of high voltage winding = 0.44 ur, height
termed as the output co-efficient = fl2Bav ac x l0-3. l0 of fratne: 1.24 m.
(c) Core loss.. 3.7 kW and t2R loss: l0-5 kW.

Distinguish between specific magnetic loading and
specific electric loading required in the design of Design a suitable tank for the transformer. 'fhe
electric machines. 6
average temperature rise of oil should not exceed
35'C.
4. (c) Explain why increase in number of poles reduce the The specific heat dissipation from the tanh rvalls is
weight of copper in the armature and at the sametime 6Wrn2-t and 6.5 W/rn2-uC due tr: radiation and
reduces the outhang ofthe winding so that the overall eonvection respectively. Assurne that the convection
length of machine is reduced ? I is improved by 35% due to convection. li)
(&) On what factors does the length of air-gap in d.c. (,ii Find the mairr dimensionsnfa l5 kW, 3-phase. 400 V
machine depend ? I 50 [{2,28i0 r.p.m, sqr:irrel i:age induction motor
having an efliciencv of 0.88 and a tull load power
(r) Define:
factor of 0.9.
(r) Coil span
l#"$i:iA!..t:81,407il461t) { } i { ?iirx &tr ,}
!lh,i7:?.lN:EI-40?(14{i8) i2 i lQmtinuert\
51
Assume:
Specific rnagper.ic lourllng,=
i} 5 wftrlslp;r;
Sp*ci fic elecfr,{c load ing .,.
(iii) What arc e.sscntial diifcrences betwcen electric and
3 -CI00,,Lrm.n magnctic circuits ?
Thke the rotor peripheral
speed as approximatelv
(iv) Wlrat is slot lcakage perrneance ?
l0
7. (a}
(r,) Whal is pulsation loss in electric machines ?
How do ynu ealculate the following
ferr an intluction
motor ? (vr) What is window space factor ?
(i) Area of stator slots (vii) What do you mean by specific loading in electric:
(p Lengttr ofmean town machines ?
(irflStaror teeth. (viii) Why does the weight of iron in tire arrnature core
l0 decreases with increase in nulnber of poles ?
(&) Discuss rhe cffect on three_phase
induetioci firotor with
the change of (r.r) Why is an induction mctor the number of slots should
(d) airgap length never be equal to the number of rotor slots ?
(u) munrberofpoles (r) Find au expression for estimation of airgap length.

(frr)change nf frequency"
t0
s. i*) Why do we need to install a power
tnanslbrnrer ilcr
eachhighbuilding ?
5
(&) What is the import*nc* ofpful{ing
oflln*ci c:ur\,e ? s
(c) Describe lrr d*tail Radia3 m&in
sr,rsire.rnr arrrri rfiir'rry
Flistributiom s):sfem w-h;t *re
tlucin ,oto omtul;c"s arrrd
ttrawtraeks ? Explarn
x{}
Grtlx6r C
9. Answer(he fcrffcwrng im Erief":
I0x2
(, Whera does tfue
trest€s{ r:urrent clensity occur irr a
distribution f,eeder ?
{it1 Wlrich materialrs;ir,r rprs(:*l l'or prccisign doviuc,

rh$$ststs amd fu**riB;1 slevierqs ?
W" ! ? : ?Ai"{:E:i,407 ( 146$}

i4) ( Continueti't
W'l'I:7AN:L1407(1468) { 5 ) AG- 1,500
52
S'18:?AN: trL407 (f 468)
DESIGN OF DLBCTHICAL $YSTEMS

Ttme : Three haurs
Moximum Mmks : 100
Answer ?lvl qaestions, takingAtrY TwOJ?oru Group A,

ANY TwoJ?om Gruup B and ALL from Grcup C.
. AA parts af a question ( a,b,etc.) skguld

' be ansv,ered dt one place.
Answer should be brief and to+ke-point ud be supplemeated
with neat sketches. Unnecesscry long answers may
resalt in loss ol marks.
Atry missing or wnang data moy be asstmted suitably giving
Figwes on the right-hand side margin indicate full muks.
Gnonp A
l. (o) Obtain suitahle dimensions f,or the commutator and
brushes of a 10fi) kW, 500 V d.c. generator having
thefollowingdata :
Outsidc dianreterof armatruc = l?0 cp

Numbaofpoles= 12
Numberofcoils = 540.
(6) Discuss the following inbrief: 3xZ

(0 Thc polc of slroe is nnore than pole core
(O The air gnp at pole-tips is more than et the
g.oh*
(rflRcssotrs fclrpsing a very higfu flu &nsity in lirnits
ofdc machine design.
tlrrnOwrl
53
(c) Find the suitable number of poles and the diameter of (&) What are the essntial properties ofresistance heating
the core of a 400 kW, 550 V, I80 rpm d"c. generator elements ? How"will youdesign such eleme,nts incase
having 92Vo efftciency. Assume an average flux of resistanee hea.ting. Electrical po$,er and supply
density in the air gap of about 0.6 Wb/rn2 and ampere voltage are mentione{C. 10
conductor per rneter to be 35000.
(c) Distinguish between specific rnagnetic loading and
, (a) Determine the lesistance of each section of a d.c' speific electric loading required in design of elecuio
shuntmotor starter fromtho following particulars. Find machines.
also the upper and lower limit of curcnt during starting
Gnoup B
Yoltage=2}O Volts, kW rating: 25, Efficiency = 867o,
Armature resistance a 0.234 O, Number of studs = 8, 5. (a) Determine the dimensions of the core and yoke for a
Maximumtorque 100 kVA, 50 Hz, single phasc, core tlpe transformer.
= 1.5 t0 A square core is used with distance between the
Minimumtorque
adjacent limbs equnl to I : 5 tinhes the width of the
(&) Write note on design of field regulator. laminations.Assume voltage per turn of [4 volts,
noaximumfluxdensity l.l Wb/m2, window space
(c) Write note on, the e{fects ofdistributing and chording
factor 0.32 and thc current density 3Almm2. Take
in a.c. armature winding and computation of
stacking factor = 0.9. F lux densiry in thc yoke to be
"distribution factof' for fimdamental and harmonics.
80Yo offlux density in core" l0
3. (a) Explain the term'tooth ripples'. Show that conductor (D) Mention the different losses in transfonner. \ffhile
weight required for both sinrplor lap and simplex wave winding a transformrer, circular coils are always
windings isthe same. preferred in comparsion to rectangularcoils why ?
(b) What do you understand by skin effect ? Discuss, (c) The full load 0.8 laggingpfregulation ofapourcrfians-
dependence offrequency on the skin effect. formerwas estimated from its designdatato W2.5%
against the desired value of i%. What adjustments
(c) Discusi.c the vaf,ious factors to bo considered for
deciding"Lrngth ofAirgap" ofdc machine and how
are necessary in tlesign to obtain the required
6 regulation ?
is it estimated.
6. (rr) Show that the gross cor€ area ofa 3-stcppod trans-
4" (a) Definethefollowingterms : 6
former core is approxinnately E5% of the area of
(i) Coil span
cirnumscribfugcircle"
(ii) WindingPitch
(rt'flEqualizer connections.
(e) Design sn edequate coolingarrangement fca250 kVA,
66001400 V, 3-phasc, deltafstar corc tlpe oil irnmersed
S'I8:?AN:.F,L407 (1468) (2) {Continued\ S'18: ?AN : HL 40'tr (1468) ( 3 ) (tumOverl
54
natural cooled transtbnmer with the following (lf) What is the cause of noise in transformers ?
particulars.
(rrf) Why (br larger size induction motors, the stator cores
(f) Windingtemperature rise notto exceed 50t. one mode of segmental larninations ?
(rr) Ibtal losses et 90"C are 5 kW
(id)Tank dimension, & x I x w = 125 x 100 x 50
(iv) Why is the harmonic leakage flux in squirrel cage
induction motiorzero ?
, (ry)Oil level = I 15 cm length (alt in m)
sketch diagram to showthe arrangement t1 (v) Why are the pote shoes chamfered for salient pole
machines ?
7. (a) In the design of a 30 h"p,3ph., 440 V,960 rpm, 50I{z
deltaconnsct€d ilrductionmotor, assume the specific
(v0 Define heating time constant of the machine.
electuic loading of25000 ac/m (arnperc conductor per (vf$ Wry closod type slots are sften used for small
meter ofthe armatre periphery). Specific magnetic induction motors ?
loadingof 0.46 Wb/m2, firll load efticiency 86% (viifl What is 'slot emf star'?
p.f, = 0.87 and estimate the following :
(r) Statorcorediamen$ions
(rr) What is difference between 'gap fraction factor'and
gap expansion motor?
(rf) Number of stator slots and windlng tunns"
(.x) Why are tlre brushes staggered ?
(D) Show that for the given core tength and diameter a
slow speed induction motor inherently have poor p.f,
3.
(c) Discuss briefly the nneasures adopted to increase the
:naximum torque ofan induction rnotor. 6
8. (a) What is the importance of plotring a load curve ? 5
(6) Describe the Ring Distribution system. What ane their

advantages and drawbacks ? l0
(c) Derive an expression f,or ooutput' of a 3-phase
transfonner. 5i
4 Gnoup C
9. Answerthefollowinginbrief: lAx2
(D Why for distribution transformerrhe working flux
densrty is on the lower side ?
s S'18:?AN:8L407(1468) ( 4 ) {Cantiwed') S'ltt:7AN :8L407 (t468) (5) AG- r,400
55
W' 18 : TAIrt ; EL.407 (1468)
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Ttme : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Ans;wer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWO fro* Group A,
ANY TWa from Group B and ALL from Group C.
Answer shauld be brief and to-the-point and be supplementetl
with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers msy
result in loss of marks
Any missing or wrong data be assumed suitably Siving
lrcy
proper juslification.
Figures on the right-lnnd side margin indicate full marks"
Gmup A
1" (a) Define the term "Output coeffrcient" in case of d.c.
maehines. Explain on what factors its value depends. I
(&) Calculate suitable values for the core length and
external diarneter of the armatup and the no" of potes
for a 1500 kW, 500 volts, 250 r.p.m. D.C. generator.
Assume suitable values for electric and magnetic
loadings. State futly the resons for your choice.
I+4
2. (a) List the factors to be considered for selecting the no.

of armature s!.cts" What are the guiding factors for
shoic€ of no. of armattre slots ? 5
(D) Discuss in detail the faetors that intluence the choice

of core length to adopt for a given design. 7
(Turn Over I
56
(*i A I0 kW, :rZS vslt, 4 pole, 150ii r.p.m. s'*r:.mi generatrir care limbs o-f" a i plmse, core type transfomrer cf i SCI
is eiesigried to lla'"o e srluerfi pcle faee" The loadingrr kvA, ??,s0i400 volt, 50I{2" 10
nre : avg. Flux'ir,rrsity in the ai.r gap = 0.42 Wb/mz Ft

Explain the fbllowing for 3-ph induction motsrr
anci ampere condu.;tors per rnet*e -
15,CI00. Find the " ' :
main dimension of the machine. Assurne full load (a) Windings.

Stritor and Rotor 8
efTiciency = 0.8? and ratio of pole arc to pole pitch -=
(D) No load and Pull-out current" 6
0.66. 8
(c) Torque-slip characteristics. 6
3. (a't What is concentric winding and what are the types ? 4
8. (a) Determine the main dimensions, number of stator slots
(b) Derive tJre expressicn for emf generated in the frac* and the no. of turns per phase of .a 3.7 kW 400 vott,
ticnal pitch concentrated winding. l0 3 phase,4 pole, 50 Hz squirrel mge induction motor
to be started by a star delta starter. Assume avg. Flux
(c) Distinguish between Single and double layer *'indings. 6 density in the gap = 0'45 Wh/nr2, ampere conductors
per meffe = 20000, efficiency = 0.87, and pf;= 0-85. 10
4. Discuss the following in brief :
(rr) Design of load hose. 6

(&) Explain the points tc be considered for fixing the
ofdisk'ibutiontransf,onner.
iocation 5
(ei Skin effe*t ancl eddy currsnt losses in ermature
conductors. I (c) Discuss the procedure for design of feeder. 5
(c) Design of field regulators

Group C
Gnoup B
9. Answel the following in brief : 1A xZ
(a) Enlist the materials used for rheostal
5. Explain the following in transformer design :
(a) lMin"dow space factor. 6

(A) Methods ofhansformer cooling.
(&) "fypes cif rvinding useci in transfonncr. 6

(c) .Why, interpoles are used in a d.c machine ?
(r) Specific loadings. I {d) Do we use laminations for all the iron parts ef an
electrical machine ? If not why ?
6. (a) f)erive an output equation of a 3-ptrase transfbrmer
(e) Which qrye of induction mot"ordevelops higharstarting
in terms *f design constant and hence deduce the
torque ?
*eiuatiui *fla singi* ph;ise trarisfomrer. l*
Find *l-:i tlr* .]$[8 si:*iion a:trl the tjistance Lr*{p'*e,:n the
i/) Distributisn trarrs,l**rmers ar'.t ilqe{i far !*wer iron
is,i Insscs, 1vh="'i'
1!'i li: T 4l';:Iii.4C i {i ri r::l i ;'t i 7:,ri: L i,'r, '
57
(g) Why the rotor slots of a squirrel cage induction motor

are skewed ?
(h) t#rite steps to design starter of D.C. Motcr.

(r) Write short note on copperfosses in transfonner.
O Testing of effective earthin6f io Oo*rstic wiring.
w' I 8: ?AN : EL4{J7 i I 468 ) {4} AG- 1,500
58
S'19 : 7 AN: EL 407 (1468)
DESIGN OF MLECTRICAL SYSTBMS

Time .' Three hours
Maximum Marks : IA0
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWO .fro* Group A,
ANY l'wO from Group ft and ALL from Group C.
All parts af a question ( &,b,etc"j should

be afiswered at one place.
Answer should be hrief and to*the*paint arud be swpplemented

with rueat sketches. Unnecessary long answers rnfry
resalt in /oss of rnarks.
Any rnissing or wrong data ruts); be assumed suitobty giving
proper jastffi*atiCIn.
Figures on the right*hand side margin indicate fwll rw&rks-
Group A
tr. (n) What is concentrating winding and what are the
types ? 5
(b) fJeduce the expression for EMF generated in a

f,ractional pitch concentrating winding" 10
(c) Why should the commutator pitch in a sirnplex wave

winding always be an integer ? -' 5
2. (a) W'hat are the fastors to be taken into account in

selecting the number of poles in the design of D.C"
machine ? Discuss. 10
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of highly

'spccific noagnetic loading ?
{ Tttrn $ver
59
(c) Discuss the factors to be considered for selecting a (e) What are the guiding factons for selection of numher
suitable value for armature diameter of a D"C. of poles in D"C. machine.
machine. 5
(c) fliscuss the various aspects of, commutates design in
3. (ex) Derive and expression for voltage per turn a D.C. machine.
_ c ky.
' Y, = L'{ in a core*type singie-phase transformer (d) \ffhat are the points to be considered for fixing the
tir, "ffi\ !
and atrso discuss sigqrificance and factors upon which location of distribution transforrner ? Explain thern.
C depends,
7, (a) Derive the output equation of, a 3-phase lnduction
(e) How is eddy culrent loss produced in rotating electrical mCItor. 6
rnachines ? Suggest remedial measures to reduce this
" (e) How would you select rotor bar cuffient and rotor ban
loss in machines 6
arsa of 3-phase Induction motor ? 6
(c) How does leakage flux affect the design parameters (c) List the types of transformers cooling method. 4
ofrotating machine in general ? 8
(d) CalcuEate the demand factor, ifthe oonnected load is
4. (a) Differentiate between the single layer and double layer 40 MW, maxirmurn demand is 20 MW and the total
windings. Which one is preferred for armature energy ira a yeer 4.35 x 1CI7 units. 4
windingandwhy ? 8
8' (c) Express the relation between D and L ( with usual
(D) Explain the terms 'breadth factor'and 'pitch factor'. meaning ) for best power factor frorn the viewpoint of
Derive their equations. 8 total permeance fcrr leakage flux path of an [nduction
(c) Find the breadth factor for anA.C. machine having motor. 10
9 slots per pole and 60'phase spread in a 3-phase (e) Derive an expression for the leakage inductance psr
winding 4 limbs of the winding of a single-phase tranfoilner
Group B referred to the primary side in terms of the relevant
quantitiEs. 10
5. Explain the fiollowing in the transforrner design : 7+T+6
. (a) Window sFace factor and its choice.
# i ' ; ,GroupC
,(b) Calculation of main dimension of transforrner tank. 9. Answerthe following in brief : l0x2
, (c) Transfonner winding reactanoe. (r) Explain the heating time constant of transformers.
6. (c) Explain the term 'output eoefficienct' in design oiD"C. ".i
(r0 Write the calsses of insulating materials with assigned
i -
machine" temperature.
4
S'19 : ?AN: EL 407 (1468) {2) ( Continued) S'19 : ?AN: Etr ,4*7 (1468) ( 3 ) { Ti*rrc Over )
60
(rrr) Why is a starter necessar) for D.C" motor.
( ir,) ( iive tlre atlviintages and usss of lap winding and wave
r,vindtng.
{ r'} Why induction motor should not have a small number

ot'slots per peile per phase ?
( r,f) What is diversity factor in a powsr distribution

system ?
(vif ) What is the condition of maxirnurn efficieney eif,a
D.C. machine ?
{viir} State lron losses and copper l*sses with respect to
transformer"
(rx) Semi-enclosed slots are usually preferred for

lnduction rnotor. Why ?
(x) Why are carbon brushes are generally used in D"C.
generators.
61
W'19: 7AN: EL4A7 (1468)
DESIGN OF ELECTRTCAL SYSTEMS

Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Answer FIYE questions, taking ANY TWO from Graap A,
ANY TWOy'orn Group R and ALL from Group C"

Answer should be brief and to-the-point and be supplemented
with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers may
Any missing ar wrong data may be assumed suitably giving
Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.
Group A
1. (a) Derive the output equation for a d.c. rnachine. 5
(b) Whatdo you mean by'specific magnetic loading' and

what are the advantages and disadvantages ofusing a
highvalue of 'specific magnetic loading' ? 2+2+2
(c) Find the diameter and length (D and I) of the armature
f a 4-pole, 1 5 KW 220 Y, 1 000 rpm d.c. shunt motor.
Assume suitable data. I
: 'l
2. @) A 400 V d.c. shunt motor has armature resistance of
' '" 0'48 ohm. Find a suitable set of resistance elements
qf a 5 step starter to limit the maximum cument $ 9A A
and ratio of 1*r* : In^: :3 :2. l0
(b) What is the basic differerrce between a lap winding
( ??;rru {"}ver !
62
aild a wave winding ot- cl"c. mfrchines '? Sihen is one conductors. The maximum flux density in the teetlr is
preferreC over tlle *ther '*/ to be 1"65 Wb/m2. 12
{r} Whet arfi the fectmrs to be cons{dered for the smlecti*n Group ts
clf tfue nurnber o{'pclles im a d"c" rnachine 'l n
5. (a) What do you understand by the terrns (i) Stacking
3" T.hs outpurt coefifiiciemt of a 150CI KVA 3il0 q]rn synchronous factor and (rr) Window factor ? How do they influence
gemerator is 24 0 KvAlxn3-rps the performance of a transfbrmer ?
(c) If the ratio of the length to cliameter(L/D) is $"2, (b) What are the considerations for selecting the values
L)"
detern:line the rnain climensions tD, 12 of flux density and current density is a transformer
design process ?
{e) Also calculate the maim dinrensions if 2+2
(c) Derive the equation for the output (rating) of a 3-phase
(r) Specific loadings are decreased hy 5a , with
core fype transforrner interms of flux densiry current
speed remaining eonstant"
density and the dimensions.
(rr) Speed is decreased to 200 rpffi,, with specific
loading remaini.ng the same as in paft (a").Assume 6. {a) What are the sources of heat generated in a trans-
ttre same [-,/D ratio, {brrner and u'hat is the impact of this on the perfor-
mance of the transformer ?
(c) What are the factors which affect the size of the
rotating machines ? (b) What are the different rnodes of cooling a trans-
forrner ? What measures do you suggest for a trans-
4. (a) Write the output equation of an induction machine in fomer located in a region of high ambient temperature
terms of h.p. output, the length and diameter, number to avoid excessive rise in oil ternp. ?
of phases, rp$, flux per pole, turns per phase (Tph),
specific magnetic and electric loading. I (c) A250 KVA 6600/400 V; 3-phase core type trans-
former has a total loss af 4800 W at full load. The
(}) A 3-phase 44A V,750 rpffi, 50 Hz star connected transformer tank is 1"25 m in height and 1 m x 0'5 rn is
induction rnotor has a stator with an internal diameter plan. Design a suitabie scherne for tubes if the average
of 0'25 rn and an axial lenggh oF0' 15 m. If has 48 slots ternperature rise is to be lirnited to 35" C" T'he diarneter
with 24 canductors per slot. Calculate (i) the number of tubes is 50 mrn and are spaced 75 mm from each
-l'he
of poles, (fi) Turns per phase Tptr, (iii) flux per pole. other. average height of the tuber is 1.CI5 m"
'n The area of 6ach stator conductor is to be 5 mm2 Specific heat dissipations due to radiation and convec*
(circular). Conductor insulation is 0"08 mm'thick. The tion rfispectively are 6 W and 6'5 W/m2JC. Assurne
slot insulation is 0"8 rnm thick. Calculate the width that convection is irnproved hy 3 5 percent due to the
and depth of the slot to accommodate the stator provision of tubes" l0
W' l9: 7AN: HL407 ( 1468) (2) t Contirnwd) \*i 'I9: 7AN:11[.407 (1458) (3 ) { Turn Over }
63
,4
l^ ta) Derive an expression for the voltage drop of a (e) Why are transforrner cores made of larninations and
uniformly loaded distributon fed at one end. l0 rnade in stepped form ?
(b) A power station has to meet the following demand : l0 (c) Why are interpoles kept in a d.c" rnachine ?
GROUP A :250 KW between 8 A.M. to 4 P.M. (d) What is the frequency of the rotor current in an induc-
GROUP B : 150 KW between 4 A.M. to2 P.M. tion nnotor and the direction and speed of rotor freld ?
GROUP C : 100 KW between 6 A.M. to l0 A.M.
(e) How can the load factor in a power systern be
GROUP D : 150 KW between 6 A.M. to 6 P.M.
improved ?
and then between 6 P.M. to 6 A.M. the total load is
450 KW. tf) Why are starters required for a d.c. motor ?
Plot the daily load cun/e and determine k) What are the advantages of a ring main distritrutor ?
(r) diversity factor
(r, units generated per day (h) Why is the magnetising cufferlt ofa transfoffner a small
percentage of its rated current compared with that of
(iii)Average load
an induction motor ? What are their usual ranges ?
,(iv) Load factor.
(r) What are the different types of losses in a d.c.
8. (a) How can you predict the perforrnance of an induction machine and what is the expression for the efficiency ?
machine for a particular load from its circle diagram ?
What test data would you require for the construction $ How ean you (i) reverse the direction of motion
(rr) run at double the synchronous speed of a slip ring
of the circle ? 10
induction motor ?
(b) Why should one 90 for a slip ring induction motor
when a squirrel cage motor is available at rnuch
cheaper rate ? 5
(c) What is crawling ? How can it be reduced ? 5
Group C
- 9.".' Answer the following : l0 xZ
(a)
J
An induction motor develops full load torque at a slip

of 2'5 %.,The maximum torque is twice the full load
torque. The rotor resistance rr:0'5 f). What is the
stand still reactance of the rotor ?
W'l9: 7AN:HL,4A7 ( l"+68) (4) { Continued) W'19: 7AN:[:I".$il7 ( l46lt) (5 ) AG- 1,3 50
64
S'2(}; TAN! 8L407 (146ff)
DISTGN $T ELECYffiICAI, SYSTMNflS
Maxirnum fuktrks : lA0

Answer I.IVE questiom,s, takimg ANY 'fWO "from GrCIwF Ao
AI".{Y TwO f*CIm Grmup B and ALL fvr.nrm Sroup C"
All parts af s questioru ta,b,efc" ) showld

be ilnswered rl,t nrue place.
Answer shottld be briet'and to-tke*poinJ and be swpp{ermented
v,ith neat ,sketches. [Jnnecessary lang {Tnstryers rfidry
result in /oss af ,nanfrs.
Any missing *r wrong dsto be ussumed suitublv'grwrrug
.m{y
pr$per justification.
Figures on the right-&mrud srde margiw irutlicrlt* futt mexr'fu.
Gruup A
l. (a) Derive an "Output F-quation" of dc rnachine in terrnsl
of its main dirnensions, specif,rc and magnetic loaclirugs
end speed. 10
(e) Calculate the main dimensions : D & L of a 5 kW 23S

Volt, 900 rpffi, 6*pole dc shunt motsr. Given thc ermf,
induced in the arnnature {E } as 220 Volt and efficimnsy
of the motor as S7 per csnt. 10
?. (a) Explicitly eluciriate criteia fon *oChoice ofNumber crf

Poles" in dc machine. 8
(&) What are the steps to lre followed for design of p*te
of dc machine ? 6
,
(c) What do lnter poles do in dc machine and how arffi

these placed in the machine ? 6
{ Turn Over }
65
3. (ruJ With thm hnlp q:rf ilemf nnc! lahelled diagrarlr, explain shmet metal s(]r,e. The net irom crffi$s*smctional zu'e'a is
m mmd there
'*k{egne,fru t,'in*ui[s" clf'a 4*pulaE ric nrachinqr 22.fi x 10--3 ffi*, the rnean lerrg$*n is 2"2
joint tnkes [14 times &.$ xmuwh '
ffire 4 lap jointr, H,ach lap
{l,) Whict} {tre tfii*x nnaim imrg,rltraniti*s {'ounrf in " lirtrI nf core- [{'
reactlve nrmf :rs is reqrried per ffieter thm
AImp*:r,s.*'i.-\*ffi1s" cmlculaticms ruf th*" ruir-pi,ap 'l (r
(4 numher mf filrms on
B,n is L I Wtr/rn2", tlctcrtninc the
(ri) nn-lonrl onHy*r1[ rnf,
{'r:), }Jxp}min,
o'.A-ppmrent
aruc1 Real flux rlcnsitlcs-' in tucltrr {hc 6600 Mrlt v,,ilding and the
s**tiom erud th*ir ca lculat ior r nrcthod,:rlogy. thc transfbrlllor. (iivcn ; arnplitude fuctor '= | "57', mmd
*?"12
that [ilr givcn tlux derrsity, mmf por mreter
s6ra;ific loss: 1.7t1 w/kg, and specilic gravity
A
4&"
{m} F{ffi\fi/ rlo [,itp wimCirrg, amd \Mave windimg clifler wittr fump/m,
emch otlier" explaim it with thm hetrp of suitahle slia- of plates 3H ?.5" 10
grarn'/ ,r
no*lnnd
{S} Whm shomld he mpprcKif}Ift-ffily &e pmrcentagc
(&) Cumrnent om : {r} Back Fitch, (rr) Front Pitch and current in cas,m of trmsform*rs CIf ema[], mediuul.
amcl
htgh,
(rrr) #onumutation pitch firr Lap and Wavc windings. large ratings ? If ttne f,mrr#mt is #oHaperatively
what changcfi will you stlgsest [m f,*m r$rsign of
the
(r:) A 35fi ktY, 500 Volt, 400 rpm, 6-pole dc generator is 6
huilt with nn armature diarneter of $ "87 m and cortr
tl ansformer ?
length of 0 ,32 m. 'f'ho X",ap wound armaturc has 60S (cr) what nrfi typ&$ uf windings usmd in trarrsforTrner &m
conductor"s. Calculate the specific elcctric and th* basis mf *sltmgm ra&firngs md kvA" rcspectivety
? 4
Magnetic loaclings, -'$utput
(a) Derive an ffiquatio.m" fnduction
qlf'three-phass
1"
Group B Machine, sonsiderimg rmain dirnensilons ofthe roachime
s and outPut c.rtlfl-tcient'

I
3. {c} Derive an expression for kVA rating of a three phase
tralrsf,onner. Why is rating 6f transforrner expressed (/r) f)eternrine the main dirn*nslons, nurntrsr of radiax
in kVA? ventilatins dusts, nurnber of staftrr slots, nnd munnher
of turms psr grhase of a3'7 klu 4{}0 volt 3*phas*"
(&) Determine the rnain dimensions of"cruciform cors gpe
4-po[e, 50 [i[u, squirr*l *agS inductiou nrotmr- Giverr
:
25 kVA, 66001440 Volt, 50 Hz, three-phase, delta-st&r, psr

ON cooled transformer. Given : emf per turn :2.?5
B*: S"45 Wblmz, anm.pers ffsndustors mnefre ==
: 230fi0,efficlanry:fi"&S,PWsrfnctor:0.s4-l*nimdfrmg
Volt, B* in the core : ! I Tesla current density 2.3
"
factor: 0.g5, ffid staukimg factor: 0'$. The mrnchists
Kn: 0.3, reet iron sectiort 6 (twhere
is started hy star-de1ta s*mrter"
Amp/sq"trrlme == 0.5 ilz
, . d is the diarneter of'circurnscribed circle around the
,- e,sre, lrom spefie factor *- S.9, and wirrdow proporti*n g. (a\ Explalu Spscific trl*ctnis l-r*adimg and $pmciffic hltag-
is 3 :: X." 11" netic Lemrting wnd ths facfiors thet inftuencm tfu* ckmric'm
nf thes,* lqmdings nn design aspecffi of, aI} Induc*i*rn
S. {,rl} A 6$il0 Vclt, sCI tln, simg$m phas* trunstomner }tas a
Machirm^ [0
{}ver I
S'2(l;?A}'tr:Htr-4t)7{i468} ( 2 } (()or,,!itwed') , '2{}: ?AN: H,I-407 ( 146S) {3} { ffidrrn
66
(b\ Find the main dimensions of 15 kW three phase 400 (ix) Ilfficiency and [)owL:r' factor fi:r threm phase high
Volt, 50 H2,2810 rpm suirrel cage induction motor speed induction ttt;tchinc is rnuch higher"tllan the low
having an efficiency of 0'88 arrd a fuil load power speerJ rnaclr [ne" j r-rst i I y.
factor of CI'9. Given ; specific rnagnetic loading -= 0-5

(x) Ttle l*mgth tlfthe air gap shorrlti bc tnlicn es sm*rl[ as
Wblm2, specifrc electric loading : 25000 Arnp/m and
possiblm in three phase inductirur nrar:lrinc, rvhy ?
the rotor peripheral speed of'90 rn/sec (approx") at
synchronou$ speed. l0
Group C
9. Answerthe fbllowing in brief : l0xZ

(0 Comment on* In a three phase transforner each
winding contains two primary and two secondary
windings.
(rr) Justiff, cost ofelectrical machine decreases f,or

higher values of Specific and Magletic [.,oadings"
(iif) Justiff, leakage mmf distribution is a trapezoidal

aoross any winding cross section.
(rv) Mixed cooling (ON/OB/OFB) increases the cver

load capacity of the salne transfoffirxer, justiff"
(v) "All Day Efficiemcy" is calculateri for Distributiom

transformer, why ?
(vf) Output Coefficimnt for smnaller size cf,rJc machim*s

varies gneatly es coffilpared to tlrat of larger size ofl
dc machines, justiff.
(vri) Ampere T"ums developod by each field coil in a dc
machine decreasesi with solTesporrding increase [n
numben of poles, wlry ?
(vlrf) [n a double cagffi scluirnel cage induction motor, the

upper cege is of higlx resistnnce and lcrw reactanee
while ttre bottom a&gs is of low resistance, justify.
S'?0:7AN:HX,4$7(145S) ( 4 ) (Continusdl S'20: 7r{N: HL407 ( I46tt) (s) AG- I,300
67
W'20 . 7AN: EL407 (1468)
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Time : Three hours
Iu[aximum Marks : 100
Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWO "from Group Au

ANY TwO .fro* Group 8 and ALL from Group C.
All parts of a question ( a,b,etc.) should

be answered at one place"
Answer should be brief and to*the-paint and be supplemented
with neat sketches. Unnecessary long onswers may
reswlt in loss of rnarlcs"
Any missing or wrong data be assumed suitably giving
.mcy
proper justification"
Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate .full marks"
Group A
[. (a) Define specific magRetic loadings and specific
electrica[ loadings (a.c) and obtain an expression for
the output co-efficient for a dc. Machine. 10
(e) What are commutating poles ? Write its applications

and why are these poles wound with series turns and
tapered ? . 10
2" (a) Differentiate between single layer and double layer

winding. Which one is preferred for armature winding
and why ? 1CI
(e) Explain the term breadth factor and piteh factor. Also
derive their equations. 10
( Tut n Gver \
68
3. (a) Obtain an expression to find the rnaximum value of Distance between adjacent cores, Overall height and
permissible core length of a dc rnachine. What is the Overall width) of a 200 kVA, 66A01440 V, 50 }Iz,
limiting value of armature ? 10 3-phase core type transf,orrner (use three stepped
core). Assume suitable data. 10
(b) Derivti an expression for emf generated in a fractional
pitch concentric winding. 10 8. (a) Discuss various types of cooling system used for
transfonner cooling. 6
4. (a) Briefly discuss the factors to be,taken into account in
selecting the number of poles in the design of DC (D) Differentiate between shell type and core type
machine. . 10 transformer with its diagram. 6
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of highly (c) Explain inbriefthe Skin effect and eddy current losses
specific magnetic loading ? l0 in ac rnachines. 8
Group B Group C
5. (a) Derive an expression for the leakage inductance per 9. Discuss all the terms in brief : 10x2
limbs of the winding of a single phase transforrner
referred to the primary side in terms of the relevant
(r) Diversity factor.
quantities. 10 (rr) Tooth harmonics.
(D) Explain the points to be taken into account for fixing (rr0 Commutatorwindings.
the location of distribution transforrner. Also write the
(rv) Losses in a ftansformer.
application of it in real 10
lif". (v) Residual magnetism.
6. (a) Express the relation between D and L (with usual
rneaning) for best powef factor from the view point of (vr) Materials used for rheostat.
total permeance for leakage flux'path of an induction (vif) Real and apparent flux densrty.
motor. 10
(viii) Advantages of frictional slot windings.
(e) How can the starting torque Af 3-phase induction
(rx) Uses of carbon brushes in dc generators.
motor be improved by using (r) Double cage rotor and
(rr) Dgep bar rolor. 10 (x) Significance of iron cost and copper cost in tansformer"
7 . (a) befine transforrner and derive the output equation for

3-phase core tlpe transfonn6r. 10
(D) Find the dirnensions(Core diameter, Window atrea,
W'20 : 7AN: EL 407 (146S) ( 2 ) (Cantinued) W'20 : 7AN: EL 407 (1468) ( 3 ) AG- 1,350
69

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AMIE Study Material & Admission Packages AMIE(I) Study Circle, Roorkee www.amiestudycircle.

5'16:7AN zEL 407 (1468)

IIESIGN O[' ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

All parts of a question (a,b,etc.) should

of 45,000 A conductor per meter. Derive the formirla

2. (a) Discuss the factors which must be oonsidered in the

(6) Explain the guiding factors for selestion of armahre

Winding factor = 0.955

G. (a) 'Transformer connected to an overhead transmission

(c) Why are craneduty induction motors generally

20x I (rCI \[hy is a d.c. shunt gencrator used for battery

(vrfl Why is an additional central limbwitranair-gap

(viii) Why ar'e circular coils always preferred over

W'16:7AN: EL 407 (1468)

DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Time : Three hours

Answer FIVE questions, taking ANY TWo .fro* Group A,

All parts of a question (a,b, etc.) should

Answer should be brief od to+he-point and be supplemented

Any missing or wrong data .may be assumed suitably giving

Fignes on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.

l. (a) Discuss the following briefly with respect to design of

(b) How is the number of poles in a dc machine decided ? 6

(c) What factors govern the design of field winding of a

(b) Causes of harmonics in ac machines

(rr) What is back emf ?

(iii) What is the use of interpoles in dc machines ?

(i"v) What material is used for brushes and why ?

(vl) What is the reasons of transfonner noise ?

(uii) What is an ants transformer ?

(viii) What is meant by crawling of an induction motor ?

(rx) What is a double cage rotor ?

(x) What is the purpose of earthing of an internal

W'16:7FN : EL 4A7 (1468) (4) AG- 1,550

DESIGN OF EI,T]CTRICAL SYS,rEilf$

Answer FIYE questions, taking ANY TWOrpm Group A,

All parts of a question ( u,b,etc.j should

fi'igures on the right-hand skle margdn indicate full narks.

(r0 \lfhy isfluxper pole r€duccd die toA,rmature

(iiflArnount of copper used is morc in a Z-polc dc -

machiuc ttan thrt in,f.Frle dc machirc, design.

(rv)Armrturc ovorhangs of a 2-pole dc machine will

(a) lVhat rrp the factors, which f,ffcct mrin dimonsioffi

(c) Calculate the main dimensions of 20 HP, 1000 rpm

ripples ? f)issus, dependence of frequ+".ncy on the skin

(D) Ditrerentiate between Multiturn coils and single turn

(c) List important characteristics necessary for trans-

E)msIGN (}F. E[,UC".rfiIeA[, S'L $l'E$[l$

Antwer F'lvlf r/ric,stions, hrking AliY ]'W(1/rilm Group A,

All perts uf a que,rtion ( a,b,etr.\ stsould

,Fegrres an lke righ*hand side imargfni ixdiaexr.rt fu{t w*trks.

l. (a) Whut arc the esscrnfial propefiies o{' reFistamaa

(&) In * d.c. machine. $lr* e[ectrcxnagne{ic torque is

Pa {ofl.n, Distance between centres of adjacent limbs: 0-47 m,

(c) Core loss.. 3.7 kW and t2R loss: l0-5 kW.

l#"$i:iA!..t:81,407il461t) { } i { ?iirx &tr ,}

(u) munrberofpoles (r) Find au expression for estimation of airgap length.

{it1 Wlrich materialrs;ir,r rprs(:*l l'or prccisign doviuc,

W" ! ? : ?Ai"{:E:i,407 ( 146$}

W'l'I:7AN:L1407(1468) { 5 ) AG- 1,500

S'18:?AN: trL407 (f 468)

DESIGN OF DLBCTHICAL $YSTEMS

,Fegrres an lke righhand side imargfni ixdiaexr.rt fu{t wtrks.

Answer should be hrief and tothepaint arud be swpplemented