106 BLOOMING BUDS here are two photographs that hang on mny office reall Every day when I enter my office | look ary ‘ : : hem bee’ starting my day. T hey are pictures of r/o olg peop! one of a gentleman in a blue suit and the other @ blag. syijselil™ image of aman with dreamy-eyes and a white bearg People have asked me if the people in the phos ao related to me. Some have even asked me, “Is this black and-w! photo that of a Sufi saint or a religious guru”” | smile and reply “No, norare they related to me. These people made an impact O7 my life. | am grateful to them.” "Who are they” “The man in the blue suit is Bharat Ratna JRD Tata and the blac! -and-white plot is of Jamsetji Tata.” “But why do you have them in your office?” “You can call it gratitude.” Then, invariably, | have to tell the person the following story. It was a long time ago. | was young and bright, bold and idealistic. | was.in the final year of my masters course in computer science at the Indian Institute of Science [11Sc| in Bangalore, then known as the Tata Institute. Life was full of fury and joy. 1 did not know what helplessness or injustice meant, It was probably the April of 1974. Bangalore was geting warm and red gulmohars were blooming, at the [Sc campus. | 85 the only girl in my postgraduate department and wits S#Y'MB at the ladies’ hostel. Other girls were pursuing research '" differen, departments of science. | was looking forward to #'"® abroad to complete a doctorate in computer science. | had beens offe, scholarships from universities in US. | had not thous" OF king up a job in India. One day, while on the way to my hostel from &¥ eee complex, 1 saw an advertisement on the notice "| t Was standard job-requirement notice from the famous wae Obie: company Telco [now Tata Motors]. It stated th" ' Fe “OM Dany, ——\—_. dreamy: seemin, ote PERE futroundings et 2 dream and not focused © e ideahartes Rais : : See Perfection and the passibility °S-ihis to j, unlikely Bachieved, even when most othersAvena JRO 17 : with an require! young, bright engineers: hardworking and ™ 4 excellent academic background, ef. fs need not ‘Acthe bottom was a small line: “Lady candidate in my life] app¥> | read irand was very upset. For the first tim was upagainst gender discrimination. ap saw this asa Thoagh | was not keen on taking up a job. better than challerge. | had done extremely well in academics, - most of my male peers Little did | know t academic excellence is not enough to be suce i After reading the notice | went fuming te my Tee ene ta inform the topmost person in Telco's management abo 2 injustice the company was perpetrating. T get @ postcard: ani started to write, but there was a problem; Ldid not know who headed Telco. | thought it must be one of the Tatas! knew IRD Tata was the head of the Tata Group; | had seen his pictures in newspapers (actually, Sumant Moolgaokar was the company's: chairman then), 1 took the card, addressed it to [RD and started writing. To this day | remember clearly what | wrote. “The great Tatas have always heen pioneers. They are the people who started the basic infrastructure industries in ndia, such as iron and steel, chemicals, textiles and locomotives. They have cared for h ighe education in India since 1900 and they were responsible for the establishment of the Indian Institute of Science, Fortuna! Ly. study there. But {anv surprised how a company such as ‘I as discriminating on the basis of gender,” ‘Telco | posted the letter. and forgot about it. Less ee Lreceived a telegram stating that | had roapreiore tee later: at Teleo’s Pune facility at the companys expense Nterview Lwas taken aback by le wclegram, My host ; should use the opportunity to go to mae fee ofegeeat® I uy of the same age, status and ability ¢ first to explore, use oF apply a new tee! area, ete echnique, invention locavrorives: steam or diesel powered vehicles ; railway cars “sed to pull trains,10g proomine BUDS them the Ane Pune oe for cheap! Tcollec from everyor! WHO ee a sari. When I look back, laughing at the peeeantit my going, but back the ae : Bood enough to make # shi seemed: Ie was my first visit to Pune and | immediat ~~ the city. To this day it remains dear to me. [ fleas eons it in Pune as ido in Hubli, my hometown. The pla pie life in so many ways Ce Changed my As directed, | went to Telco’s Pimpri There were six people on the panel Pri office for the interview. panel and I realised then ‘Was serious business. “This is the girl wh that they somebody whisper as soon as I nea eee for sure that | would not get the j ine ae geet By than | ker reas cack ; get the job. That realisation abolished was being ea a ee Even before the i ‘i ideed sol wold Se ae reckoned the panel was Pe are rather impolitely, “! hope this is only a patie view.” They were taken aback by my rucleness, and The Lam ashamed about my attitude, een: fee asked me technical questions and | answered allof me, "Da nee elderly gentleman with an affectionate voice told The reason ij now why we said lady candidates need not apply? raat is that we have never employed any ladies on the shop in ee sdaitic not a co-ed college; this iva factory. When it ona that, but peanie tn are a first ranker throughout, We appres=” Digs 3 ike you should work in research laboratories: een a tig 88 sitl from small-town Hubli My world I houses and }, Place. I did not know the ways of large <0! tir difficulties, so | answered. “BUEYOE your Factor eh ewise no woman will ever be able to Finally, So this ot lang interview, | was told Lhad beet thought}, "4" the future had im store for ree id take up ajob in Pune. That city Sg quollshed, “plased: ung, td Ea 4 "Y Drejudiced against sameaneorsncthnsf ArreoJRD 19g 0 in many ways. I met a shy young man from Karnataka there, we became good friends and we got married. it was only after joining Telco that I realised who JRD was: the unecrowned king of Indian industry, Now Iwas scared, but I did net get to meet him cill | was transferred to Bombay. One day! had to show some reports to Mr Moolgaokar, our chairman, who { we all knew as'$M. | was in his office on the first floor of Bombay House [the Tata headquarters} when, suddenly, JRD walked in, That was the first time | saw ‘appro JR. Appro means ‘our’ in Gujarati. That was the affectionate term by which people at _ Bombay House called him. é Iwas feeling very nervous, remembering my postcard episode. SM introduced me nicely, *Jeh (that's what his close associates” called him). this young woman is an engineer and that too, a postgraduate. She is the first woman to work on the Teleo shop floor” JRD looked at me. | was praying he would not ask me any | questions about my interview (or the postcard that preceded — it), Thankfully, he didn’t. Instead he remarked. “It is mice that sare getting into engineering in our country, By the way, what is your name?” “When I joined Teleco | was Sudha Kulkarni, Sir” I replied. “Now Lam Sudha Murthy” He smiled that kindly smile and started a discussion with 5M. As for me, | almost ran out of the room. ‘After that | used to see JRD on and off. He was the Tata Group chairman and | was merely an ee There was nothing that 1 i mon. | was in awe of him. a aie «waiting for Murthy, my husband, to pick me up after office hours. Te ny surprise I saw JRD standing next so ms: I did not know how ro react. Yet again [started worrying about . a back, I realise RD had forgotten about it. that posteard. Lookins Il incident for him, but not so for me. Itmust have been 1579 oo” he asked. “Office time is over” “Young lady, whY ape my husband to come and pick me up” said, “Sir, I'm waitin dark and there's no one in the corridor, HD said, “It is gee or husband comes” I was quite used to wait with you ill) =< Preceded: come bef"no BLOOMING Bus waiting for Murthy, but having JRD waiting alongside jade me extremely uncomfortable. } : [was nervous. Out of the corner of my eye I looked at him. He wore a simple white pant and shirt. He was old, yer his face was glowing. Theré wasn't any air of superiority about him, | was thinking, “Look at this person. He isa chairman, a well. man in our country and he is waiting for the sake of an ordinary employee.” Then | saw Murthy and | rushed out. JRD called and said. “Young lady, tell your husband never to make his wife wait again." In 1982 1 had to resign from my job at Telco. | wasreluctant to go, but | really did not have achoice. | was coming down the steps of Bombay House after wrapping up my final settlement when | sw ee aime up. He was absorbed in thought. ! wanted to say goodbye to him so | stopped. He saw me and paused. Gently, he said, "So what are you doing, Mrs Kulkarni? (That was the way he always addressed me.) “Sir, | am leaving Telco.” oe are you going?” he asked. “Pune, sir. My husband is And what pany called Infosys and I'm shifting t@ Pune.” “Oh: Sheik t you will do when you are successful?” “sir, }don't know. ie cee will be successful” “Never start with diffidence~ odeeqc ‘Always start with confidence. WHEN You are ia you must give back to society, Society giv’s455° Mich, must reciprocate. | wish you all we i. Then JRD conti youall the best. Seemed lie ot walking up the stairs, | st00d there fo, alive, millennium. That was the last tim !*9W hin, Many yea Stcupying = cae met Ratan Tata in the same fU™P9Y Office, eS of working o One did. I told him of mY M2PY Weep all: 4 about fen Telco. Later, he wrote © ra Iwas Tee ae YOU today” from you, The sad parvis@* Me's ng, bi STIRD a grea = Person, he Valued ae bscause, despite bein# puny aifidence Postcard written bY Riry lack of self. *onfidenceAprRo JEP : ds ot lett s seeking justice, He must have received thee aan do hat day. He could have thrown mine away, OY tio had ne [ A respected the intentions of that unkenow 8 Es influence normoney, and gave heran oppo her Hifean He did not merely give hera job; he changed ‘ | forever. ‘8 inecering | Close to s0-per cent of the students in oF) doen many colleges are girls. And there are women on the nore oF IRD. Ifat industry segments. | see these changes and I thin! ‘would say f all time stops and asks-me what ! want from life, wish JRD were alive today to see how the company we St grown. He would have enjoyed it wholeheartedly. i My love and respect for the House of Tatas remal undiminished by the passage of time. | always looked up to JRD.. I saw him as a role model—for his simplicity, his generosity, his kindness and the care he took of his employees. Those blue eyes” always reminded me of the sky; they had the same vastness and munificence. ig company: ej mindset | Comprehension A. Answer the following questions, choosing from the options below. 1. Whose phorographs does Sudha Murthy have “ phorograp! lunthy: on her office a. her parents and her pura b, the various buildings owned by the Infos, © ¢. Narayana Murthy and her children Fie Cap and Jamsetji Tata 2. What subject did Sudha Murthy st a. civil engineering, y study at the Master's love} b. automobile engineering ; computer engineering, . software development Munificence: extremely generousris) proomine BUDS ELCO's job requi ‘ what about TELCO’ Job requirement notice angered Sudhy Murthy? a poorgrammar and several punctuation mistakes Gpeender discriminarion J low salaries being offered a discrimination aga inst people with no work experience What were Sudha Murthy’s reasons for attending TELCO’ ipterview? C2) a free trip to Pune during which she could buy sarees for her friends _b. gaining experience of job interviews and having her resume streened _ ¢ the prestige associated with a company owned by the Tata group ~d. the inducement of being the first female engineer to work with TELCO 6s. Whydid Sudha Murthy have to resign from TELCO? She wanted to pursue a PhD in the USA. She was founding a new company with her husband. T@ She disliked being the only woman to work on the shop floor, 4 d. She was mov ing to Pune after her marriage. 6. What advice did |RD ‘Tata give Sudha Murthy when she was Ispving TELCO? 7 always have confidence and give back : fo never make rash decisions and to save _ © "never put all her eggs in one basket am a oestments ; ‘cultivate hobbies and always make time oe a would Sudha Murthy wish for from life? 2h. oy child to have a good education . @« More and more girls to study engineering pany # to society for the furure d diversify het forthem JRD Tata to still be alive and see how h 1. 1 for tn fosys to become the world’s largest emnploos 4ee what does 5 ’ & | the sea Suh, Murthy oo, Apres jap esky ™pare IRD Tata tor = a tiger d. agiant fon Answer the s why does M re tuations in 3-4 sentences. : i uy a te hed hive PhotographeofJRD and jameerp _ Describe Sudha p , * fern Murthy’s first experience of gender o 3. What did Sudha Murthy write in her letter to JRD Tata? ’ 4 See moving to Pune-change Sudha Murthy’s life? aes 5 What were Sudha Murthy's feelings on leaving TELCO? 6. Why does Sudha Murthy have such ‘Breat respect for RD Tara? C. Answer the following questions in 130-200 words. Draw a character sketch of Sudha Murthy, as seen from the facets of her personality she reveals in this essay. 2. Describe Sudha Murthy’s encounters with [RD Tata. What characteristics should the ideal role model have? Is JRD 3 Tata an ideal role model? Why/Why not? Grammar Correct ing sencences- : © The Se galt that hangson my office wall wo? = 8 a y in Che photographs related to your : 2 : i i OU 3 Th bie peep mittee have decided to a cel : + | os seeeee - raking UP 4 job at chat po Wis a 1. : ties ord are Gast a your academic career 5 oe _ rhroue ae © ia rank he! : - a : ‘clock craif. : D Tata oe ae arriving, py the woe’ r je? He c “aunt and umPACKING Jerome K. Jerome but his experiences with the troupe provided the Imp successful work of writing, a comic memoir titled On the Stage—end Off. He is best known for his travelogue Three Mon ina Boat, a humorous chronicte of three men—Hamis, George and the author himself, who, accompanied by their unruly dog Moatmorency, decide to take a boating trip down the Thames river, The following text isan extract from the afore-mentioned book, and narrates the trio's misadventures while packing for their boating trip. BEFORE YOU BEGIN... * What responsibilities do you usually take on while going onatrip? » Have you ever gone on a trip with friends? How different was this experience when compared with that of going ona trip with family? How different were your roles and responsibilities? * Do you believe in travelling light (packing only the bare necessities, minimal clothing, etc.) or packing extra with an eye on emergencies? Why? rather pride myself on my packing, Packing is one of tho™ many things that | feel | know more about than any othel Person living, (lt surprises me myself, sometimes, haw matt]——_—_ ng BUDS wit on ne Hon" jects there are.) 1 impressed se Wind told them that they had rely to me. They fell into the Siehat badd sone ene about it, ad himself over the easy-chair, and H, ee Inc able and lita cigar. arTis Cocke hardly what l intended, What I had meant, of¢ : Mar ehould boss the job, and that Hatris and Georgeshout »pghout under my directions, | pushing them asic every then with, “Oh, you—! “Here, let me da it” “There imple enough!"—really teaching them, as you might ir taking it in the way they did irritated me. There is does irritate me more than seeing other people sitting doing nothing when I'm working. | dwith a man once who used to make me mad that way ould loll on the sofa and watch me doing things by the hour following me round the room with his eyes, wherever He said it did him real good to look on at me, messing He said it made him feel that life was notan idle dream dand yawned through, but a noble task, full of dury work. He said he often wondered now how he could go eet met me, never having anybody to look at i Im not like that. I can't sit still and see another Band working. | want to get up and superintend, with my hands in my pockets, and tell him “nergetic nature, I can't help it. ¥ *. I did not say anything, but started the * longer job than | had thought it was bag finished at last, and I sat on itand “ris. He couldn't have said a word and strapped, of course. And tee and mysterious, nan umsetel | SEE Thove about in a relaxed way; doing §of those irritating, senget, re a i Int do make eon a lopened the bag and packed the boats in; and then, just as 1 was going to close it, a horrible idea occurred to me. Had I packed my tooth-brush? | dan't know how it is, but | never do” know whether I've packed my tooth-brush. ‘ My tooth-brush is a thing that haunts me when I'm travelling,” and makes my life a misery, 1dream that I haven't packed it, and — wake up in a cold perspiration, and get out of bed and hunt | — for it. And, in the morning, | pack it before | have used it, and have to unpack again to get it, and it is always the last thing T turn out of the bag: and then I repack and forget it, and have to” rush upstairs for it at the last moment and carry it to the railway station, wrapped up in my pocket-handkerchief, Of course | had to turn every mortal thing out now, and. of course, | could not find it. lrummaged thethingsupinto much the same state that they must have been before the world was created, and when chaos reigned. Of course, | found George's and Harris's eighteen times over, but I couldn't find my own, | put the things back one by one, and held everything up and shook it, Then I found it inside a boot. 1 repacked once more. When I had finished, George asked if the soap was in. Tsaid I didn't care a hang whether the soap was in or whether it wasn't: and | slammed the bag to and strapped it, and found that | had packed my tobacco-pouch in it, and had to re-open it, It gotshut up finally at 10.50 p.m» and then there remained the hampers to do. Harris said that we should be wanting to start in less than twelve hours’ time, and thought that he and George had better do the rest; and Lagreed and sat down, and they hadago._ ‘They began in a light-hearted spirit, evidently intending fo shaw ine Rowen do it. Lmadeine commen | only waited. When chuckle-headed: stupid crack-jawed: difficult to ienltare wild: (here) furious perspiration: sweat rummaged: search unsy*" ——— eee ematically and untidily8 BLOOMING BUDS : i # dd: George is hanged, Harris will be the worst packer in chi® wad and | looked at the piles of plates and cups, a, ee bottles and jars, and pies, and stoves, and cakes, and to™! &ic., and felt that the thing would soon become exciting: = ir did, They started with breaking a cup. That was the f thing they did. ‘They did that just to show you wharrhey could do, and to get you interested. Then Harris packed the strawberry jam on top of a tomate and squashed, it, and they had to pick our the tomato with 4 teaspoon. And then'‘it was George's turn, and he trod on the butter. I didn't say anything, but | came over and sat on the edge of the table and watched them, It irritated them more than anything | could have said. | felt that. it made them nervous and excited, and they stepped on things, and put things behind them, and then couldn't find them when they wanted them; and they packed the pies at the bottom, and put heavy things on top, and smashed the pies in, They upset salt over everything, and as for the butter) , Saw two men do more with one-and-twopence worth of in my whole life than they did. After George had gor jp fF hi slipper, they tried to put it in the kettle, Inwouldn’t go; ° NS what was in wouldn't come out. They did scrape it oyy 5)" and and put it down on a chair, and Harris sat om it; and jp ae him, and they went looking for it all over the 20m, Kto “TH take my each | put it down on that chal,’ saiq G “Ope, never Staring at the empty seat. “hia YOu do it myself, not a minute agor sad Hare, 0 thy in fooking - shen they met again in he cemtn an stared OP" tne ang “Most extracrlinary thing Lever heard of Stl Geo, Mer, Mysterious!" said Harris. . Pro George Bot round ar the back of Harrivane ey te hy, here ic is all the time,” he exclaimed Hee jap L squashed: c, es ‘ath mocap is used Inyprerbotieally =“Where?” cried Harris, spinning round. oe “Stand still, can’t you!" roared George. flying after bee J And they got it off, and packed it in er ee vency'sambition Montmorency wasinitall, ofcourse. Mon uirmdal in life is to get in the way and be sworn at. If he pa pete anywhere where he particularly is not wanted, and ag nuisance, and make people mad, and have things thrown ns head, then he feels his day has not been wasted. , Hi ‘To get somebody to stumble over him, and curse him steadily for an hour, is his highest aim and object; and, when he has succeeded in accomplishing this, his conceit becomes quite unbearable, He came and sat down on things, just when they were wanted to be packed; and he laboured under the fixed belief that. whenever Harris or George reached out their hand for anything, it was his cold, damp nose that they wanted. He put his leg into the jam, and he worried the teaspoons, and he pretended that the lemons were rats, end got into the hamper and killed three of them before Harris could land him with the frying-pan Harris said Tencouraged him. ! didn’ encourage hit like that a sa oe ee It's eee oe original sin that is born in him thar it " thee makes him do things like The packing was done at 12.50; and 1 aT: hamper, and said he hoped nothing woy US Sat on the big Id be fe George said that if anything was broken ive und broken. reflection seemed to comfort him. He also au broken, which bed. We were all ready for bed. Harris was 7s he was tends iol night, and we went upstairs, sleep, aan : We tossed for beds, and Harris had to eee t De you prefer the inside or the outside i> Pith me H a \ said I generally preferred to sleep ine: * He sai Harris said it was old. Pinside a beg. COnceir: arrogance worried: (here) disarranged ond played wighlel nao pigouire BUDS i. Gore ul | wake you fellows?” ei pal e Harris said “Seven: I said? ix” because I wanted to write some letters, *“No—sit f " = and | had a bit of a row over it, but at last split the ieee and said half-past six. = Wake us at 6.30. George,” we said. : George made no answer, and we found, on going over, that he had been asleep for some time; so we placed the bath where he ~ could tumble into it on getting out in the morning, and went to bed ourselves. Comprehension A. Answer the following questions, choosing from the options below. 1. The narrator prides himselfon his cooking packing > Stitching d. mending 2. Which of these does the na erakor alia & Strawberry jam : hs if Oni I E Fishin, per Equipment* is the wor woe narrator. ‘worst packer in the: (a) George b. Harris ©, Montgomery d. None of the above 5. What did the narrator do to irritate George and Harris sit on the edge of the table, watching th ath forget to pack the soap ' c. pack the strawberry jam on a tomate, d. encourage Montgomery 6. Which of these did Harris sit on? a. Lomatoes @ butter ¢, strawberry jam d. Montgomery 7. Which of these mishaps did not happen to the butter? Montgomery eating it erty b. George treading on it c. getting stuck toa slipper . d. getting stuck in the kecthe apashinae §. Montmorency’s ambition is to: a. pretend the lemons are rats b. break every available dish Q get in the way © help people pack for crips 9. What reflection comforted a a. The packing was done at ts b Thepsicre to goonan enjoyable trip, despite starting troubles, me &. The butter was s1va8e"" hatever was broken was broken. 10, Why did the narra" want to wake up at six? towrite lerver= todo some last-minu'® packing ©. to feed Montgome”? @. to clean the hous Niwa BLOOMING BUDS u. George did not reply to the narrator Cl, oe? a. he disagreed with them and Harris bec he was already asleep .e. he was too busy packing d. he was in another room 12. How did the narrator and Harris revenge themselves 0" | George? a. by instructing Montgomery to bite his ankles as 097 8° he woke up by pouring cold water over him by placing the bath right where he could fall into it when he woke up d. by leaving him behind and going alone on the boating trip B. Answer the following questions in 3 sentences. How many characters are there in this narrative? Name each one. ‘What was the narrator's real intention when he offered to pack? 3. How did George and Harris react to the narrator's offering pack? How did the narrator feel about this? 4. What ‘horrible idea’ occurred to the narrator after he }34 finished packing? 5. Why did George and Harris offer to pack the hamper,» How did Montgomery hinder the process Of Packing» 7 Why did the narrator and Harris quarrel? Why were the narrator and Harris annoyed with George, Answer the following questions im 15?* ; words, a Describe how Harris and George packed (HEM ™per, i roel 2. What kind of comedy (satirical, physical: PUTTY ete exa this narrative use? Justify your answer "iH S°™Pla, dd, ‘oO Aes text. = "thecAME A PUBLIC SPEAKER How | BE G.B. Shaw bord SO (1856-1950) was one of far Rees oj te werent century and wrote oe ‘prollf Ierary ovtput included novels, plays, essays, di or and music reviews. = ‘Bom in Dubie, keand, Shaw moved to Londo Initial wertings. including nowels and pl: s ceca, jon Om Capitalism and emceal and Sree a Sreeeeencs problems, were not successful. This a Ses ah aed oe principled plays which were popule ebuud ie fi was one of the most sought after a ss a ve also.a leading critic and an active supporter a se oe Ne Oy fiom soe wees anges in the voting system, equalty 2 Ral the reform, of the Engl eno them pee chose social his plays and speeches. A socially plays tee al problems as his themes and analysed , te Ronee ce his plays are also called ‘problem cease gn (ich ac een ted MY nes arren' fe Leena Tee fied 33 Me wn habe ine is pungent and witty: the FOQUERting = cepted 25, he was awarded t English. the honour but refused The fullog, *S translate Si fh works of fireratue |! describes j,_" try i he-tratnes / is ™ and an be Nn jp sinning a om Shaw's tow Maar Var Ly © Speaking. He descrites ne der tO ‘ § techniques that he earnt 7°Mow t Became A Puntic Speacee: 3 gefore YOU BEGIN. ¥ Do you enjoy public speaking? many people are aiid of Name SOME OFBOrs Who you admire, What dd jou ke about the Way they speak? i. jo you A fais i seein “BIES can you adopt to become a better public. Iwent with Lecky to the Zeterical meeting ! had never spoken in public. | knew nothing about public meeting or their order, | had an air of impudence, but was really an arrant coward, nervous and self-conscious to a heart-breaking degree. Yer, | could not hald my tongue. I started up and said something in the debate, and then, feeling that | had made a fool of myself, as in fact I had, I was so ashamed that L vowed I would join the Society; go every week: speak in every debate; and become a speaker or perish in the attempt. I carried out this resolurion. | suffered agonies that no one suspected. During the speech of the debater | resolved to follow, my heart used to beat as painfully asa recruit’s going under fire for the (first time. |eould not use notes: when I looked at the paper in my hand | could not collect mys¢lf enough to decipher a word. And Lecky: William Edward Haripole Lecky (1838-1903), Irish essayist and orian, and friend af Shaw’ Feteti jety: a society which discussed issues by the method of proceeding by inquiry a quality defined by a lack of seriousness and not being jmpudence: properly respectful arrant: extreme pecruit’s...first time: Shaw comp battle for the first rime. decipher: understand pares his plight with a soldier going into26 «BLOOMING BuDS : _ ghastlY of the four or five paints that were my pretex¢ for this 7 practice | invariably forgot the best. ish The Society must have hated me; forto it ! seemed 5° we rake and self-possessed that at my third Meeting I was asked ker the chair. | consented as offhandedly as if | were th® SP ils of the House of Commons; and the secretary probably Fook first inkling of my hidden terror by seeing that my ha so that I could hardly sign the minutes of the previous ee My speeches must have been little less dreaded by the te than they were by myself; but 1 noticed that they wer haraly ever ignored; for the speaker of the evenings, in replying. usually addressed himself almost exclusively to my remarks, seldom tn an appreciative vein. Besides, though ignorant of economics, Thad read, in my boyhood, Mill on Liberty, on Representative Government, and-on the Irish Land Question; and I was as full of Darwin, Tyndall and George Eliot as most of my audience. Yet every subject struck my mind at an angle that produced reflections new to my audience. My first success was when the Society paid to Art, of which it was utterly ignorant, the tribute Pretext: excuse ghastly: horrible: unpleasant invariably: almost always uppish: pretending to be superior te others self-possessed: calm and self-confident offhandedly: casually inkling: hint vein: manner Mill: John Stuart Mill (1BoG—73), English philosopher ang whose book On Liberty is a classic political documene “Pig, Darwin: Charles Darwin (1809-82), great British biologie a naturalist who postulated his theary of evolution in ¢,_ of Species he Ori. Tyndall: John Tyndall (:820-93), eminent scientist ho aot acclaimed textbooks on light, sound and heat Witery Grange Eliot: the pen-name of Mary Ann Evans U8I9-Bp) Rovelist whose works include Adam Bede, The Mill, Min, _ Silas Marner, and Middlemarch MrsHow | Became a PUBLIC of settingan evening aside fora paper onit: : that meeting; and several members confessed to mea that twas this performance that first made them recor ee p, neaes butnpelatcy discordant idiot. | persevered doggedly. I haunted all the meetings in London where debates followed lectures, | spoke in the streets, in the parks, at demonstrations, anywhere and everywhere possible. In short, I pir Public meetings like an officer afflicted with cowardice, who takes every opportunity of going under fire to over itand learn his budieee st a | had quiet literary evenings in University College at the meetings of the New Shakespeare Society under FJ. Furnivall, and breezier ones at his Browning Society, | joined another very interesting debating society called the Bedford, founded by Stopford Brooke who had not then given up his pastorate at Bedford Chapel to devote himself to literature. Ac all these meetings | took part in the debates. My excessive ne soon wore off. i | soon became sufficiently known as a Socialist orator to haveeio Hint beereedeee ie oye public debates. I was ee : accepted an invitation from a soUpiae ti ane ik cael nee to it, Ae first 1 thought of Radical Club at Woo! i possib! peak reading a written lecture; for it hanity a for an hour without text when I had hitherte spoken for ten minutes or so only in debates. But if neon pa on Socialism for an hour, writing wou spre ———— bumpticus: irrizatingly sel-assertive pseicusteear: edi: wil iving UP Fins peng James Furnivall (1825-1990), devoted scholar ia pee of the Early English Test, Chaucer, Ballad, Browning Scpfied aes Augustus Brooke (1832-1916), theologian, Pepuiny ade and miscellaneous writer best known for his handbook English Literature (876) and his two books on rn Ten Plays of Shakespesre and Ten More Plays Shakespeare—_——_— wc BUTS 128 oe extemporise. The lecture was called “Thieves, of time: I myemonstration that the proprietor of an unearned : and was ee on the community exactly the same injury asa Wl in a | spoke foran hour easily, and from that time always ful ar ” extemporised: about twelve years, during which I Ss en ee ccclall least three times a fortni; ‘onised on Socialism at lea: ree ight on an aan, e. preached whenever and wherever | was asked. It was fret come first served with me, When I got an application fora lecture | gave the applicant the first date | had vacant, whether it was for a street comer, a public-house parlour, a market place, the economic section of the British Association, the City Temple, a cellar or a drawing room. My audiences varied from tens to thousands. lexpected opposition, but got hardly any: Onc of my best speeches was delivered in Hyde Park in torrents of rain to six policemen sent to watch me, plus only the secretary of the Society that had asked me te speak, who held an umbrella over me. | made up my mind to interest those policemen, the 4 as they were on duty to listen to me, their usual practice, being convinced that I was harmless, was to pay no attention, | entertained them for more than an hour. 1 see their waterproof capes shining in the rain when eyes, he { never took payment for king. Tt often hay provincial Sunday Suaeaes Sheed me ees 3 ati togive theusual sore of lecture, avoiding conti religion. lalways replied that neverlectured ‘controversial Polities and religion, and that my f “oF my failway ti nes: ifine lane BA could afford to go at rm - then assure me th y own expense: The Villeed ana bon ei these terms [| might | other lecturers wy. ee) Occasionally, to a: L Who lived by lecturing. the account an extemporise; tg g Preparation a Of Petform something without prior notice and sermorised: give *ed: RIVE Moral advice, usually in the form of a speechnot to let itself Be talked to by a hired professional agitator London. | immediately offered to sell hi mike k five. He hesitated; and I came d, Ss eee five shillings hall e down to four, | offered to make it ve shillings-hal-a-crown-a shilling-six pence. When he would not deal even at a penny | claimed that he must know perfectly well that I was there at my own expense. If | had not been able to do this, the meeting, which was a difficult and hostile one, would probably have broken up, t Once, in St James's Hall, London, at a meeting in favour of Women's Suffrage, | ventured on a curious: trick with success. Just before I spoke, a hostile contingent entered the room; and t saw that we were outnumbered, and thatanamendment would be carried against us, The intruders were all Socialists of the anti- Fabian persuasion, led byamanwhom! know very well, and who was at that time excitable almost to frenzy, worn out with public agitation and private worries. It occurred to me that if, instead of carrying an amendment, they could be goaded to break up the meeting and disgrace themselves, the honours would remain with us. | made a speech that would have made a bishop swear ora sheep fight. The Jeader, slung beyond endurance dashed madly to the platform to answer me. His followers, thinking he was leading a charge. instantly stormed the platform, broke up professional agitator: a person whe is well-versed in, and may even have received training in organised protest hostile: unfriendly; with a lotof quarrels and disagreements Women's Suffrage: voting rights for women amendment: a.correction [0.4 law or rule anti-Fabian persuasion: against the principles of the Fabian Society, founded in England in 1854 to work for the gradual establishment af socialism goaded: provokedago) «BLOOMING BUDS the meeting, and reconstituted it then demanded a hearing which ith their leader as chai ee of fair play; and I had another ioniegs Cote oe ae to Breat sat myself. No harm was done, nor any | ‘i next morning described a scene ots ine Struck; but the Papers left nothing to be desired by the Na and destruction that My public speaking brought me Sanguinary schoolboy. fen bole avery necessary qualification ‘or political work—the committee ; 3 ined Twas : habit, Whatever Society | joined | was immediately placed on the feet did whi " executive committee. At “gl 4 Pay tot authors usually do in their bohemian anarchism and in Bee When they are defeated on any issue they resign. | did this when the Land Restoration League refused to add Socialism ta its programme on my suggestion. | never did it again. | soon learnt the rule—'Never Resign’ | learnt also that committees of agitators are always unanimous in the conviction that ‘Something Must Be Done: but very vague as to what. They talk and talk and can come to no conclusion. The member who has something definite to propose, and who keeps it up his sleeve until the rest are completely bothered, is then master of the situation even when nobody quite agrees with him, It is thar or nothing; and Something Must Be Done, This is now a man in a minority of one becomes the leader, [was often in a mi nority of one. How lack of committee ¢ disables even the most gifted thinke ater of H.G. Wells, with whom | had sere a when he tried to capture the Fabian Society at ane or By te SPeaker and a committee man | had the advantage ese Tae io whilst he was a complete novice. To $Y : eee s Lack raining and Platform techni wanted by tees him is sanguinary: violent, bloodthirsty ness Cesult bohemian anarehism: the disordet OF lawless TR From leading an unconventional li ), science. §, HG. Welle: Herbert George Wells (185° ihe Time Mat" “titer and reformer best known for his nooails “chine, The Invisible Man, and The War of 06 ca Seouice: new to something: very INExP™ ilated: destroyed anni:nothing; he could only misbehave himself, so outrageously that the Soc situation, and, whilst ae steers thought none the worse of hi him as tactically impossibi, the better of me fo isn a8.a Socialist pioneer, and nove f my superiority as a platform artist, | must not leave incipient orators to suppose that my ai a speaker was acquired by practice alone. Practice only cured my nervousness, and accustomed me to speak to anata cs Cel aus oe : scales until | was in no danger of sayi Loheeryelen-theethis harpointed sword” instead WF ito hee 1 lend thee this sharp pointed sword’ Lessons in elocution should always be taken by publicspeakers whenaphonetically competent teacher is available. But art must conceal its artificiality: and the old actor who professes to teach acting, and knows nothing of phonetic speech training, is to be avoided like the plague. At last | could mot deal with all the invitations [ received. And «on of the same figures and arguments became he ees of becoming a windbag with only one tiresome. | was in danger speech. Thenceforth | orated on. special occasions only, or at Fabian ? nd inthe St Pancras Borough Council, towhich Pee eed oni ieeaestille vertry,, Bul Cdid-nos free’ jst, It lasted until my final as a platform art il my fi aus! eine! performances in 1941—my eighty-ffth year. | ! i pany 4 beginnusical notes ina specific scheme al oa for the secular government of a parish or small Vestry: commit regionaga Booms BUDS Comprehension A. Answer the following questions, choosing from the options below. Who accompanied Shaw to the Zetetical Society meeting? a, HG. Wells b, Darwin c. Lecky d. He went there alone. How did Shaw come across to the Society? a. a fearful, timid man b. a loud, brash and overconfident man €. a cowardly foolish man. dd, ascholarly and intelligent man Shaw's first successful debate was on: a. Socialism b. Women’s Suffrage ¢. separation of church and state d. art What was Shaw known as? a. an anti-Fabian b. a Socialist orator . a professional agitator d. a great artist One of Shaw’s most memorable speech was delivered to: a. six policemen b. graduating students €. nursery teachers d, anti-Fabians Shaw's fee for public speaking was: a Six pounds & 7 Price of a third-el : Sarteen dollars Hedid not charge a fee. lass railway ticket Shaw ‘ a reatmphed over the situation im St James's Hall by; bere ning from the committee “Ran incendiary speech to provoke his opponents10, Mieeey Sst iN wo How I Became a Pumtuc Speaker c. using his Copious notes to i opponents successfully Pema his: Shaw's maxim while on a committee was: a. Something must be done, b. Dono evil. c. Never resign, d. Power to the Proletariat. Which of the following is essential to become a good public speaker? a. practice b. good elocution ©. both (a) and (b) » Perseverance i Shaw retired in his 4. ninety-seventh b. forty-fifth c. sixtieth d. eighty-fifth Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. Shaw says of the early debates at the Zetetical Society: ‘T suffered agonies that no one suspected Enumerate three of these ‘agonies' year, What did Shaw do with the money he rectived for his lectures? Why did he do this? What advice does Shaw give with regard to elocution lessons? At what Venues would Shaw lecture? Why do you think Shaw's speeches were never ignored? How did Shaw get his way in the committees he joined? Answer the following questions in 150-200 words. ‘Trace the development of Shaw asa public speaker, Wiiat figures of speech does Shaw use in his essay? Give examples to Support your answer, Analyse the comic elements of this essay.134 BLoomina BUDS Grammar Verbs - Verbs are of two kinds—main and auxiliary. Main verbs do not require an object, and complet themselves. : I spoke at the meeting. Inthe sentence above, the phrase ‘at the meeting’ Bt iE hicpatied, but the verb and subject by themselves are &™ ves addi tional ough to form a complete sentence. Auxiliary verbs require an object for the sentence to make I was an arrant coward. In the sentence above, the subject and the verb lone do not forma complete sentence, The object is essential. sense. Identify the main and auxiliary verbs in the sentences below. 1 Thad madea fool of myself. 2. Atmy third meeting, | was asked to take the chair. 3. The proprietor of an unearned income inflicted the same damage that a burglar does. 4 One of my best speeches was delivered in Hyde Park. 3 [can still see their waterproof capes. : 3 Fal email : Speak i letter f at Your college's to Store Bernard ia VALUES IN LIFE Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was a poet, novelist and + writer, who also gathered notortety for being ar tr) Bombay in colontal India, he was edueated | feet to India in 1882, He is best known for his ng kien children’s stories, collected in The jungle Book (1894), The Book (1895), and the Just So Stories (1902). Kipling the Nobel Prize In literature in 1907 ‘for the originality of imagination, viriity of ideas ann narration’ which characterise his creations. ‘Val in Life’ appeared in A Book of thors 92 2 volume of Kipling’s collected speeches. The address was delivered the fall of 1907 to the a students at McGill University in Montreal, Ca BEFORE YOU BEGIN... » Think of a piece of advice given to you by someone you How has this been useful to you? k the advice of the elderly must be taken ine cases, orare there situations when the you: 4 sccouneaey r? What are these situations? Be may kn je What advice would you give fo your younger self? respect. * Do you thin » the ancient and laudable cy, i u Ff x Stony cco as one of your wandering scholar. irae * ae been instructed to speak to you, The only “a Oe i - inodable worthy penis60 BLOOMING Bups: youth must pay for its enviable privileges is that of people known. alas, to be olderand alleged to be wiser. occasions youth feigns an air of polite interest and re while age tries to look virtuous, which pretences sit uneasily, both of them. 77 On such occasions very little truth is spoken. I will to depart from the convention, 1 will not tell you how the sins of youth are due very largely to its virtues; how its arroga very often che result of its inmate shyness; how its brutaliry is the outconie of irs natural virginity of spirit. These things are true, but your preceprars might object to such texts without the proper netes and emendations, But | can try to speak to more or less truthfully on certain matters to which you the attention and belief proper to your years. « When, to use s detestable phrase, you go out into ' of life. you will be confronted by an organised « which will try to make you believe that the world bby the idea of wealth for wealth’s sake, and thar all lead to the acqui mea h jon of that wealth are, if not laudable, ar expedient Those of you who have fitly imbibed the: sr our university — and it was not a materialistic uni Spirit of : alleged: thought to have 4 certain quality, withour being Proven, feigns pretends of being savage, unpleasant and harsh ney of spirit: inexperienced and as yet new to the waye op world the teachers nm. conrecthons. Here, the auth = saying crack ov ts being hyperbolic. ject his speaking purely po experience, without any data to back him up. Y fin detestable: disgusting; worthy of hate Cosiapiracy: 3 seccec plot by a large group of people. us something harméul Prop nuallY te de, expedient: con wand practical2 OX——————— Ewe rt “vauunes tN LIER 137, Craven and the Ireland in trained a scholar to take both the ght, but you will live and England — will violently resent that thou cane move and have your being in a world comets = i. thought. Some of you will probably succumb to the poison o i Now, I do not ask you not to be carried away by the first rush of the great game of life. That is expecting you to be more than human, But I do ask you, after the first heat of the game, that you draw breath and watch your fellows for a while. Sooner or later, you will see some man to whom the idea of wealth as mere wealth does not appeal, whom the methods of amassing that wealth do not interest, and who will not accept money if you offer it to him ata certain price. At first you will be inclined to laugh at this man, and to think that he is not ‘smart’ in his ideas. | suggest that you watch him closely, for he will presently demonstrate to you that money dominates everybody except the man who does not want money. You may meet that man on your farm, in your village, or in your legisianunes But be sure that, whenever or wherever you meet HIM, a8 SON 2s it comes to a direct issue between is Ji finger will be thicker than your loins, You will Bo aor ae he will not go in fear of you, You will do what he wants; he wi tl not do what you want. You will find that you have no ies nin your armory with which you can attack him, no SanoC a you can appeal to him, Whatever you gain, he will gain I would like you to Study thar i co be tating Remepnecesn man. | would like you better craven ... ireland: 2 cre ei Umrene een Fectirmaarty ‘Great Britain, which Crown and were put down 2B4inst the authority of the s: the part of the body from th38 BLOOMING Bubs cwiltbeat works in life. Ifyou employ both arms in that ea danger of stooping, in danger also of losing a ear ee ieccons cori ieee In which case [ may acquire enorm ay warn robe eee om in grave danger of being spoken and 4 ' that isone of the written of and pointed out as‘asmart man’ An civilised white most terrible calamities that can overtake a sane, man in our Empire today. “Ad A They say youth is the season of hope, am bition, and ue - that the last word youth needs is an exhortation to : cheerful. Some of you here know - and | remember ~ that youth can be a season of great depression, despondencies, doubts, and waverings, the worse because they seem to be peculiar to ourselves and incommunicable to our fellows. There is a certain darkness into which the soul of the young man sometimes descends - a horror of desolation, abandonment, and realised worthlessness, which is one of the most real of the hells in which we are compelled to walk. I know of what I speak. This is due to a va chief of which is the egotism of the human re can tell you for your comfort that the Pinahermameniee Some issue not personal to yourself or, preferably, another man’s joy But if thedark hourdoes not vanish, assometimes eal i's joy. But, cloud will not lift, as sometimes it will not, | loesn't, ifthe black for your comfort that there are many liars j, et me tell you again are no liars like our own sensations, Th, in the world, but cher mean nothing, because there i fa,” 2¢SPair and the horror hing irremediable, ty of causes, the : imal itself, Bur! chief cure for it is to intenest foryou not! exhortation: strong Corgi despondencies: feelings of hoy 56 pel waverings: feeling unsure and tej, and despair many choices available YPABLE to decide 4 desolation: a feeling of great emp; egotinen: excessive emphanig on, and lontling lrremediable: that which cannot pen "4 One's je Corrected Mongst theif had 1 message to deliver to a Gales ae yo en who have the future of their country to uid say with all the force at my command, Do not be and if did not hold the strangest views. on thar fe form of amusement known as ‘rushing) | hat, whenever and wherever you find one of yourdear tes showing signs of smartness in his work, his talk, take him tenderly by the hand ~ by both hands, by the ¢ neck if necessary — and lovingly, playfully, but firmly, a knowledge of higher and more interesting things. rthe following questions, choosing from the ns given below, earned man whois alsoa t travel alumnus of the ington Her neffaceable: that which cannot be erawed ee eenayo BLOOMING BUDS d. a person who prefers to learn by travelling, instead of attending a college 3. Whatisthe only penalty youth must pay? a. attending university b. having time and energy but no money c. being forced to excel academically d. having to listen to those who are older 3. ‘Onsuch occasions very little truth is spoken’ What are these occasions? a. weddings b, funerals c. older people advising younger people d. speeches given at film festivals ’ 4. Why does the speaker refrain from saying what he knows of youth? a. the teachers would object b. it was not the appropriate venue to discuss the topic c, the students would be too bored d. what he knows is known by everyone else as well 5. What is the ‘organised conspiracy’ the speaker refers to? a, obtaining wealth is the greatest objective of life b, obtaining high marks is the greatest objective of life ¢, obtaining a job is the greatest objective of life d. obtaining friends is the greatest objective of life 6. Money dominates everbody except the man wha... a. isalready wealthy b, does not want money c. isa hermit dd. is well-educated 7. One of the most terrible calamities that can overtake a civilised white man in the Empire, according to Kipling a. to find out he is of mixed-race parentage ee b. to be expelled from the university ¢. to be called a ‘smart man’ d . to be sent to one of the penal coloniesm pea Vauurs tN LIFE 1at met Hy What does Kipling suggest asa cure for the depression and despair sometimes eccasioned by youth? a. to earn as much money as possible b. to faithfully serve the Empire ¢. to.study the ‘smart man’ ilk d. to lose oneself in the service of others ‘The greatest liars, according to Kipling, are: a, one’s own sensations i b. those who are older and are termed to be wise ¢. smart men : d. civilised society \ ' Wl . Which of these pieces of advice does Kipling not give in his speech? a. to serve others b. to study the maxims of Socialism ¢, to study the man who does not value money d. to never take oneself too seriously What is a student's duty by his fellow students? fe a. to share his money with them ‘ b. to coach them in the subjects they find difficult c. telead them away from materialistic pursuits to higher things d. to ensure they are patriotic and religious When do you think it is most likely that this speech was given? ata wedding . ata university's convocation ceremony , ata university's inaugural ata birthday party aooe Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. What are the different positions the youth and the elderly take when a distinguished person is invited to address a gathering? How are the sins of youth inherent in its virtues? What is the ‘organised conspiracy’ of the world and how do the youth imbibe its values?How does the man who is net ‘gmart’ win at life? ing young? v What does Kipling say about the dark side of bein: a Why does Kipling Urge his listeners t0 service of others? Answer the following questions in 150-200 words, oe i “smart? 1. Why does Kipling advise youth not to be es : Discuss the images used by the speaker to strengthen his . argument. ‘Grammar Auxiliary verbs have three primary forms—do, be and have. You will learn about them in detail in the Grammar section, Use the correct form of do/be/have in the following sentences, 1 I______ been instructed to speak to you. 2. Older people _ alleged to be wiser, 3. Arrogance the result of innate shyness, 4 The idea of wealth for wealth’s sake not appeal to some people. The man who does not cover wealth no fear. ea 4 Youth ca: ees 4 season of great depression and ay aS as she come first in class this semester? ——— you Raghu's brother? ' ow to, | Communication skills Imagine that Kj Pling w; i; CONtenary celebrag BPiNg to be 2 : informing alte oratta notice gs peeaker at your college's. ie, Students of the spea aly on the notice — *Mve time, date and iag BTS Supe pmadness, our vast bee at ifthe muleieude ‘he individual carties ne with hime Idaube | ifany man living hands out a pe {areal tremor, if he hands ou a tenepaunefnote. iehas got us down; we grovel before it in strange terror. and no wonder, for money has a fearful cruel power among | men. But it is not money we are so terrified of, itis the collective money-madness of mankind. For mankind says with one voice: How much is he worth? Has he no money? Then let him eat dirt, and go cold.— And If | have no money, they will give mea little bread so ldo noe die, but they will make me eat dirt with it. Ishall have to eat diet, I shall have to eat dirt #1 have no money. itis that that | am frightened of And that fear can become a delirium. st have some money Us from eating dirt. is bs all wrong. tO sae And thy ‘ude: the masses; stereotypically the uneducated and valnerapy. ordinary People 'P intense pain or distress: shaking or trembling movement caused by Fear Temble, lowe heart behave in a servile way aN excited, dreamy state most often se" ai ness,MoNEY-MADNESS 145 Bread should be free, Shelter should be free, fire should be free, fo all and anybody, all and anybody, all over the world. We must regain our sanity about money be fore we start killing one another about it. It's one thing or the other. Comprehension AL Answer the following questions, choosing from the options below, ‘What is our ‘vast collective madness’? a. money b. workaholism c. alcoholism d. mobile phones Who does the poet mean by ‘multitude’? a, one's family b. peer pressure ic, society ‘ d. voices inside one's head 4 What inspires the ‘strange terror’ caused by a lack of money? a. the fear of homelessness bo the fear of ill-treatment by one's fellow-men My cc. the fear of poverty d. the fear of starvation What does an excessive fear of losing money bead to? a. miserliness b, poverty ce. delirium d, richness Money will save us from _ a. eating fellow humans b. eating junk food16 BLOOMING pups ze «eating nothing +} d, eating dirt eg 6 The phrase ‘eating dint! ts: a. asimile b. ametaphor c. analliteration d. aconceit Pe What things should be provided free of cost, according to| ? Pe El eclierand fire b. bread, butter and jam c. education and housing. d. electriciry and water Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. State the chief cause of fear in the speaker's mind. a What are the changes money has made in each individual? In what way has money come to determine the value of everything? 4. What solutions does the 4 FO aac eke speaker have to cure ‘money- G Answer the following questions in » 150-200 words. + How does the speaker show that the Possessi isa kind of madness? What See does hei neue substantiate his argument? ae 2, ‘Its one thing or the other’ Why ‘ : do you thi this way? What Message does the fe pide i | 3 This poem was written J relevant today? Justify eo ninety years ago, Is the poem YoM ee Grammar Correct the L following Sentences, 2 Money have got us + Have he ag as + Does they wa ana wn in terror, DEO BO OUT now?tiected a Fellow of the Royal Soclety of Literature, Club Prize for Poetry in 1965, and was awarded the Prize for Translation in 1992, Kirkup died in Andorrs In based on artificial divisions. The poem's me: and oneness Is an important one In a FORE You BEGIN... tare the ways in which all human beings * Tare the ways in which they are Cnr fe the whole, do you think human beings are oo different, or do you think the opposite? Sscribe some ideas you have for bringing toeethe People, and discuss these ideas with another ¢lNo Max Ane ‘ Remember, no men are strange, no countries are foreign, Beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes — Like ours; the land our brothers walk upon) ~ is earth like this, in which we all shall lie. ‘They, too, aware of sun and air and water : Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war's long winter starved. Their hands are ours, and their lines we read A labour not different from our own. ete +4 Remember they have eyes like ours that wake ee Or sleep, and strength that can be won , By love. in every land is common life That all cam recognise and understand. Let us remember, whenever we are told 5 To hate our brothers, it is ourselves % ‘That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn. : Remember, we who take arms against each other. : It is the human earth that we defile, Qur hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence ‘Of air that is everywhere our own. Remember, No men are foreign. and no countries strange. ae dispossess: to deprive somebody of the possession or occupancy of something. especially property ray: be act in a way that is contrary to a promise pb Lat Bt made, to expose ' _pademin: te state that somebod runacerptable ly oF something is in some way wrong on 7 jake arms: a figure of speech meaning to fight against one another »o make something dirty or polluted rage: openly wiolate ourrasB Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. L Why does the poet repeat the word ‘remember’? do we stand to lose if we have each other? does the poet remind us that we all have the sarne limbs pwhy the poct uses the contrasting images of a bountiful for peace and a long winter for war, “ea category of auxiliary verbs which es or belief regarding the action expressed mabout modal verbs in the Grammars ‘Manks with the correct modal verts | ——— [eave now? (Can, May) — we go to the fair tomorrew? (Would, like this colour, c defile the earth which is our: aON ANOTHER’S SORROW William Blake His poetry was published In an’ manufactured every copy. The verses were plates and carried water colour illu: 1s alongside. The of his art was primarily didactic. He hoped to free Hiniedetrom thal shackles of convention and tradition, But. his mystical tone and: revolutionary attitude were out of step with the times. Thus It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that his social and political philosophy, was appreciated. Hes first publication of was Poetical Sketches (1783), It was followed by Songs Parca and Songs of Experience (1794), his best-known works, The following poem was published in Song? of human sympathy for another being in paln ag ata goes on ta discuss God's sympathy with his fellow creatures, and states that no suffering creature Is entirely alone: God Is always present by tts! BEFORE YOU BEGIN... = Find out the meanings of sympathy and empathy, as given ina good dictionary. How are they different? In what cases is it essential, or better, to be sympathetic? _ Inwhat cases is jt essential, or better, to be empathetic? - Describe an instance when someone’ssympatheticattitude towards you helped you and made you feel better._— Hie becomes an infant small Hedoth feel the sorrow £00. M Think not thou canst sigh 3 sigh, ‘And thy Maker is not by: Think not thou canst weep a feah And thy Maker is net near. Ot He gives to us His joy That our grief he may destroy: Till our grief is fled & gone He doth sit by us and moan. Comprehension AL L Answer the following, choosing from the When the speaker sees another person in distre = 2 er © angry d. wrathful ‘When the speaker sees a. offer help b cry © runaway do moan is called: a. metaphor bs. simileb. sothat ourjoyisdoubled ¢, so that we may have balanced | d. so that we never know what sorrow Answer the following ons in What ae ee ee How do the mother and father react when they se children in pain? Who does He share sorrows with? + What rhyme scheme does this poem follow? > Answer the following questions in 150-200 How does the poet segue from universal human s the sympathy of God? What is the intended effect What is the message of this poem? Srammar ! forreet the following sentences. _ “201 borrow your pen? 'tis raining heavily; might | book you a cab?SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT i he j verbs. Being able to find ¢ Sentences have subjects and verbs. E ) right subject and mateh the verb with it creates a Soper ene sentence. This ‘match’ between the subject of a sentence and its verb is called ‘agreement’ or ‘concord. Base rule A singular subject takes a singular verb (sings, runs, moves), whereas a plural subject takes a Plural verb, She sings. Tigers tive in forests, | However, when asubjectand it verb are agreement may be tricky, See for ex fits Separated bya phrase, The list of items is/are on the desk Ifyou know that list is th i the verb. ‘of items" is not the subject kisgs (ill choose is for between os ae list’ and its verb ‘ist a Phrase that comes Separate the subject and the additional pha. Ple Method to and see if you have a correct sentence PS is to delete one The list of tems is On the desk - Phetist Of items are on, the desk % Once the subject is idensi =a agreement with the subjece.. “fied, you ¢ 2 subject, 1 hen an. “Se the verb: in» aa supject-VERS AGREEMENT more rules to keep in mind: o- ainc ee | Two singular subjects connected by oF ith i i rb. require asi nguiar ve! s ke is arriving by train today. tor my uncle he shan is a good cook. Neither Jinny nor Rosh Fither Kiran or Kunal is playing for our team. + When two or more singular subjects are connected by and, they take a plural verb. Acarand a bike are my means of transportation. There are a few exceptions where a ph rase with ‘and’ is a compound noun. Insuch cases, thecompound noun isconsidered sngular, and it takes a verb in the singular: Breaking and entering is against the law, The bed and breakfast was charming. Rock and roll is my favourite dance form, “ncaa ep a ges | Nie hewn or Nt om Wher ‘ = woah jc ot ered fenton rein ther room,pioosine BUDS for example: Everyone has finished theirwork, _ Nobody isallowed to go unless they have finished their “OF The plural pronouns ‘their’ and ‘them’ are used in the?®_ - gentences becatise pronouns like ‘everyone’ and ‘nobody’ can BE ysed to refer to both men and women. We use the plural prongu? ‘jo oid saying something like the following which soune awkward, Everyone has finished his or her homework. « Some nouns ending in “-s' are considered plural in formand take plural verbs, These nouns do not have singular forms. For example: 4 Her clothes are very expensive. His trousers have become too tight, Where are your spectacles? Some other nouns of this kind are; ‘arms’ (meaning ‘weapons’). . ‘belongings, ‘congratulations, ‘goods! ‘surroundings, ‘thanks’ _and ‘troops. * Uncountable nouns, such as ‘baggage, ‘equipment, ‘furniture’ and ‘luggage’ are treated as singular nouns. Hence, they take singular verbs only. For example: Your baggage is heavy. The equipment is expensive. Collective nouns, such as, ‘government. ‘public’ ‘team! ‘party’ and ‘media, can take either a singular or a plural verb, For example: The committee is investigating this matter. The committee are of the view that the investigation should be completed quickly. Inthe first sentence we think of a ‘committee’ 45 2" Undividag Broup, but in the second we are referring, to the individuals who orm the committee.