Edumath05 - Midterms

Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Olongapo City Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
EDUMATH03 – 1ST MIDTERMS

Measures of Central Tendency – M1
Methods of…
Graphs
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Ungrouped Data
MEAN
- Sum of values divided by the total number of values.
Population Mean:
Sample Mean:
MEDIAN
- Midpoint of the set of data; arrange either ascending or descending.
𝑀𝐷 = 𝑥෤ = 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡
Note: if n is odd, select the middle data value. If n is even, find the mean of the two middle
values.
MODE
- The value that occurs most often in a data set.
𝑀𝑜 = ��ො = 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
Different Types of Mode:
• Unimodal • Multimodal
• Bimodal • No modal
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Frequency Distribution
- A tabular arrangement of data showing its classification or grouping according to
magnitude or size.
 Class Limits. The end numbers of a class.
 Class Boundaries are the “true” class limits defined by lower and upper boundaries. The
lower boundaries can be determined by getting the average of the upper limit of a class and
the lower limit of the next class.
 Class Mark is the average of the lower and upper limits or boundaries of each class.
 Class Interval is the range of values used in defining a class and simply the length of a class.
It is the difference or distance between the upper- and lower-class boundaries of each class.
 Class size is the width of each class interval.
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

⊸ Arrange the given raw data in ascending order.
⊸ Decide on the tentative number of classes to use.
⊸ Determine the range using the formula: Range = Highest value minus Lowest value
⊸ Divide the range by the tentative number of classes to get the approximate value of the class
interval. The ideal number of classes is between 5 and 20. Use class interval rounded to the
nearest whole number. (Sturges' Rule 𝑘 = 1 + 3.322(log10 𝑛))
⊸ Start the first class with a lower limit equal or a little bit less than the lowest observed value.
Example:
Range: 𝑘 = 6.64 𝑜𝑟 7
R=H–L
Class Interval
Sturges Formula: 𝑖 = R/K
𝑘 = 1 + 3.322(log 50)
Grouped Data
MEAN:
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Example:
MEDIAN:
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Example:
MODE:
Example:
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Measures of Position – M2
UNGROUPED DATA
Quantiles
- Used to locate the relative position of a data value in a data set.
Percentile – divides the entire set of data into 100 equal parts.
Notation: 𝑃𝑘 − 𝑃1, 𝑃2, 𝑃3, … , 𝑃99
Decile - divides the entire set of data into 10 equal parts.
Notation: 𝐷𝑘 − 𝐷1, 𝐷2, 𝐷3, … , 𝐷9
Quartile – divides the entire set of data into 4 equal parts.
Notation: 𝑄𝑘 − 𝑄1, 𝑄2, 𝑄3
PERCENTILE
Whereas:
𝑛 = number of values in the data
𝑘 = the given percentile
𝑃𝑘 = data value given the percentile
If 𝑛𝑘/100 is an integer then
Example: Set A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30 (find 𝑃40 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑃75)
𝑃40 = ?
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
𝑃75 = ?
𝑃80 = ?
DECILE
Example: Set A: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30 (find 𝐷3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷8)
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
QUARTILE
𝑄1 - median of the first half excluding the
median
𝑄2 - median of the entire set of data
𝑄3 - median of the second half excluding the median
GROUPED DATA
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
kn
 - location of the percentile class (decile and
100
quartile)
 CBL – lower class boundary of quantiles
 cfB – cumulative frequency before PDQ class
 fc – class interval of PDQ
 i - interval
Example:
Percentile
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Decile
Quartile
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322

Edumath05 - Midterms

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Republic of the Philippines

EDUMATH03 – 1ST MIDTERMS

STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

If 𝑛𝑘/100 is an integer then

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