TRIGONOMETRIC TRANFORMATION

TYPE 1:

C: where m or n is a positive odd integer

cos x=(1-sin x); c
2 2

TYPE 2:

∫ tan n xdx or ∫n xdx : where n is an integer (positive or negative, odd, or even)

tan x= sec x -1; cot x=c sc -1
2 2 2 2

TYPE 3:

∫ tan M x sec n xdx or ∫cot mxc sc nxdx: where n is a positive even integer
TYPE 4:

∫sin m x cosn xdx, both m and n are positive even integer

1
sin 2 x= (1-cos2x)
2
1
cos x= (1+cos2x)
2
2
1
sinxcosx= 2 sin2x

example prob:
∫sin2xcos 3xdx
=∫sin2xcos 2xcosxdx
=∫sin 2x (1-sin2x¿ cos xdx
=∫sin2xcosxdx-∫sin 4xcosxdx
u=sinx
du −cosx
= =cosxdx
−1 −1

=∫u2 (−du ) −∫ u4 (−du)

u3 u 5
= + +c
3 5

sin 3 x sin 5 x
= + +c
3 5
∫sin 3 xdx
= ∫ sin 2 sinxdx
U=cosx
Du −sinx
= =sinxdx
−1 −1

=∫ (1-u2)-du
=-∫du+∫u2du
3
u
=-u+ =c
3
3
cos x
=-cosx+ +c
3
3
cos x
= - cosx=c
3

∫cos 3 xdx
=∫cos 2 cosxdx
=∫(1-sin2 x ¿ cosxdx
U=sinx
Du=cosxdx
=∫(1-u2 ¿ du
u3
=u- +c
3
1 3
=sinx- 3 sin x+ c