Proponents in Theory Experiment Findings

Language
Acquisition
(Nurture)
1. B.F Skinner Behavioral Theory Experiment on rats In the experiment, he
puts rats in a certain
Behavioristic view of (Skinner puts rats box with button.
language hypothesizes inside a box with a
that infants learn button) What happened is that
language from role every time the rats
models or, rewards and press the button, he
practice. It also suggest gave them food pellets
that all behaviors are as a reward. As a
acquired through result, the rats learned
conditioning and pressing the button for
reinforcement. the incorporation of
the reward. With that
experiment, Skinner
then went on to say
that language
acquisition is done
through a similar
reward based system
on humans.

2. Ivan Pavlov Pavlov’s dog Pavlov's experiment

experiment where a supported B.F
Supported Skinner's neutral stimulus of Skinner's theory in
theory through ringing of a bell was relation to classical
another form of paired with conditioning. Pavlov
behaviorism which is naturally occurring rang the bell, then fed
classical conditioning, stimulus (salivation the dogs. After doing
supporting that at the sight of food). this repeatedly, the
learning is dependent pairing of food and bell
on the environment. It eventually established
is the pairing of the dog's Conditioned
neutral and naturally Response of salivating
occurring stimuli. to the sound of the
bell. After repeatedly
doing this pairing,
Pavlov removed the
food and when ringing
this bell the dog would
salivate. The key is
 that the food and bell
have to be paired
often enough, so that
the dog could learn to
associate the bell with
food.

3. Savage- The Lana Legacy Lana, one of the Rumbaugh and his
Rambaugh first chimpanzees collaborators
taught to acquire developed a series of
human language, 25 symbols, or
was trained and lexigrams, each of
tested. The which stood for a
paradigm was the specific word or
standard phrase: “want,” “piece-
experimenter- of,” “banana.” Rather
subject method. than remaining in fixed
Lana was positions, like keys on
presented with a typewriter, the
unfamiliar stimuli lexigrams would be
and then trained to moved around
associate that regularly so that the
stimuli with that primate would have to
human version of recognize the symbol
language. itself, not just its
physical location. A
computer would
monitor and record the
subject’s keyboard
activity. The orangutan
was able to
comprehend not just
spoken words but
sentences he’d never
heard before. He
could use his
keyboard to request
cooking videos, he
even learned to make
some of his favorite
foods or to visit other
apes or places in the
forest.

4. Albert Social Learning Theory (Bobo doll Bobo doll experiment

Bandura experiment) demonstrated that
 Albert Bandura’s social Albert Bandura children are able to
learning theory (SLT) conducted an learn social behavior
suggests that we learn experiment to such as aggression
social behavior by determine whether through the process of
observing and imitating social behaviors observation learning,
the behavior of others. (aggression) could through watching the
be accrued by behavior of another
observation and person. Another
imitation. The refinement of the Bobo
research that Doll Experiment, in
entailed children 1965, tried to establish
observing a model the effects of
punch an inflatable rewarding or punishing
doll looked to bad and violent
support the idea behavior. Children,
that children who witnessed the
emulate their model being punished
behavior by for aggressive
watching others. He behavior, were much
wanted to show, by less likely to follow
using aggressive suit. Interestingly,
and non-aggressive there was no change
actors, that a child in aggression when
would tend to the model was
imitate and learn rewarded for bad
from the behavior behavior.
of a trusted adult.
Children were
chosen as subjects
for the study,
because they have
less social
conditioning; they
have also had less
instruction and
teaching of the
rules of society
than adult subjects.

5. Alexander Temperament Theory Two theorists, Alexander Thomas

Thomas and Thomas and and Stella Chess,
Stella Chess Chess, extensively researchers, found
researched child that temperament is
temperament in the influenced by nine
late 1970s. temperament traits:
 According to their activity, regularity,
theory, each infant initial reaction,
is different and adaptability, intensity,
unique in how they mood, distractibility,
react to their persistence-attention
environment, and span, and sensory
this pattern of threshold. Each trait
reacting is innate, has a range of levels,
unlearned, and and temperament
present from birth. reactions will vary
As well, every depending upon the
parent is unique in strength of each trait.
his or her own These traits combine
personality. Often, to create a child’s
the goodness of fit, unique temperament,
or compatibility, and a child’s
between babies' temperament will
temperaments and influence how others
caregivers' own interact with her, how
personalities will she responds
affect the quality of emotionally, and how
child - caregiver she reacts to new
relationships. situations. By knowing
Caregivers who a child’s temperament,
educate you can gauge how
themselves about the child may act and
how babies' can plan more
temperaments can purposefully for
affect the activities that provide
relationship a constructive
between situation for the child.
themselves and Observe each child
their babies gain and rate levels for all
the insight nine temperament
necessary to traits so you can
modify infants' recognize and
environments so as understand each
to better fit their child’s style.
natural
temperaments, in
the process,
making life easier
for everyone.

6. John Watson Behaviorism The Little Albert The outcome of John

Experiment Watson's Little Albert
 experiment was that
classical conditioning
is possible in humans,
since the boy learned
to associate a neutral
stimulus (white rat)
with a fearful stimulus
(loud bang) to be
scared of the white rat.
The Little Albert
experiment proved
that emotional
responses can be
conditioned and that
these responses could
be transferred to other
similar experiences or
objects.

7. John Locke Empiricist Theory He believed that Knowledge comes

we’re all born as from experience and
The idea that all learning blank slates. And that there are no
comes from only as we go through innate ideas that are
experience and life, our with us when we are
observations. experiences write born. At birth we are a
knowledge on that blank slate, or tabula
slate. rasa in Latin.
Experience includes
both sensation and
reflection.

8. Lev Vygotsky Sociocultural Theory of He relied widely on Vygotsky's work

Cognitive Development observation of his examined the inter-
subjects (humans) relationship between
Vygotsky's sociocultural to prove his language development
theory views human findings as he and the thinking
development as a believed that social process. He believed
socially mediated interaction was a younger children
process in which children key factor to primarily used speech
acquire their cultural learning. to think 'out loud', but
values, beliefs, and then gradually evolved
problem-solving a silent 'inner speech'
strategies through as they acquired
collaborative dialogues mental concepts and
with more knowledgeable cognitive awareness.
members of society. He
 believes that everyone
learns from their culture,
environment, and social
interactions. He talks
about a few of his
theories like the zone of
proximal development,
and a more
knowledgeable other. He
also expresses his
thoughts on
developmental tools and
the importance of
language to cognitive
development. All of these
factors together support
his idea that children’s
behavior is learned.

9. Michael Usage-based Language According to Usage-based learning

Tomasello Learning usage-based theory is based
language learning around the idea that
The fundamental claim of theory, children we learn language by
usage-based language don’t learn words using it. Language is
learning theory is that directly. Instead, essentially a collection
language acquisition they try to of words and
emerges from language comprehend things structures that have
use. In other words, we said to them meaning, and we learn
learn language structures (utterances). If they these meanings by
and words by using hear their Dad using them.
language and by saying “throw the
understanding the ball”, the first thing
language that other a young child must
people use. do is to understand
that Dad wants her
to throw the ball,
possibly to him
depending on the
context.

10. Eric Critical Period Theory Second-language Lenneberg mostly

Lenneberg (L2) learners drew on findings
starting acquisition pertaining to first
early in life – and language development
staying exposed to in deaf children, feral
input and thus children or children
learning over with serious cognitive
several years or impairments in order
decades – to back up his claims.
undisputedly tend For him, the critical
to outperform later period concept was
learners. Apart from concerned with the
being implicit “automatic
misinterpreted as acquisition” [2, p. 176]
an argument in in immersion contexts
favour of early and does not preclude
foreign language the possibility of
instruction, which learning a foreign
takes place in language after
wholly different puberty, albeit with
circumstances, this much conscious effort
general age effect and typically less
is also sometimes success.
taken as evidence
for a so-called
‘critical period’ (cp)
for second-
language
acquisition (sla).
Lenneberg argued
that language
acquisition needed
to take place
between age two
and puberty – a
period which he
believed to coincide
with the
lateralisation
process of the
brain. (More recent
neurological
research suggests
that different time
frames exist for the
lateralisation
process of different
language functions.
Members:

Joje Mae Bongcawel

Jaysel Mae Generoso

Arabella Del Valle

Miralyn Abe

Lyza Amoc

Keziah Buot

Krystel Vyne Bation

Christine Mae Dag-uman

Rex Malinao

Rusty Lantaca