UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA METROPOLITANA

DE PUEBLA

Biotechnology engineering

Project Management

Lecturer: Cunill Flores José María

Students:
Andrea Barajas Montiel
Uriel Morán Montoya
Abel Vélez Capilla
Juan Hernández Ramirez
Jesús Sebastian Saavedra Guevara
Miguel Alejandro Islas Barrientos

“Protocol of extraction and behavior in blood

under conditions”
Extraction and behavior in blood under conditions.
The main objective of the practice was to learn to extract human blood and
observe its reaction with three solutions of NaCl, analyzing each sample under the
microscope.
Abstract
Blood is a living tissue made up of liquids and solids. The liquid part, called
plasma, contains water, salts, and proteins. More than half of the body is plasma.
The solid part of the blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Osmolarity; the term osmolarity describes the total concentration of solutes in the
solution. A solution with low osmolarity has few solute particles per liter of solution,
while a solution with high osmolarity has many solute particles per liter of solution.
For this practice, three saline dissolutions were prepared, one at a 2%
concentration, then at 0.9%, and finally at 0.5%. The main goal of the practice was
to focus on the proper technique to obtain blood samples and observe the behavior
of erythrocytes under dissolutions with different concentrations of NaCl (salt). The
gathering of samples was performed in the laboratory of basic sciences in the
UPMP, there were obtained two samples from two different volunteers.
It is thought that under different conditions of the three different dissolutions the
erythrocytes would have a different behavior, which then was observed under the
microscope, obtaining real results and also learning how to obtain samples of
blood.
Project description
Three terms—hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, and isosmotic—are used to describe
the relative osmolarity between solutions. For example, when comparing two
solutions that have different osmolarity, the larger osmolarity solution is said to be
hyperosmotic compared to the other, and the lower osmolarity solution is said to be
hypoosmotic. If both solutions have the same osmolarity, they are said to be
isosmotic. When you are studying something related to science it is so probably
that you need to know about how to get blood samples, the majority of them if you
are dedicated to the medical area consists of invasive methods; that is why it is
highly important to learn how to reduce the pain of the patient and be efficient the
most possible because some people are afraid of the needles and it is some
difficult the work of obtaining samples.
Materials
 Alcohol
 Tourniquet
 Vacutainer
 Support
 Good pulse
  Tube of samples color purple
 Cotton

Image 1
Methodology Sample blood
1.- Identify the anatomy of the patient. extraction

2.- Palpate the arm looking for the vein.

3.- Add alcohol in the area of the arm.
4.- Collocate the tourniquet to perform pressure on the arm as we will show in the
image
5.- Use the Vacutainer with his support, it must be sterilized.
6.- Insert the needle at an angle of 45° with security.
7.- Insert the needle in the vein about 1cm of the vein.
8.- Hold the needle inserted in the arm.
9.- Collocate the tube purple in the support of the vacutainer.
10.- Obtained the sample and put the cut carefully between the needle and skin.
11.- Remove the tube.
12.- Remove the needle.
Preparation of the dissolutions
Saline Solution, 2% Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
1. Dissolve 20 g NaCl (mw 58.44) in 700 ml deionized or distilled water in a
clean container.
2. Add water to bring the total solution volume to 1000 ml.
3. Make 10 ml aliquots in sterile 15 ml culture tubes.
Note: If the solution is to be used immediately, it need not be sterile. However, for
long-term storage, it is recommended to sterilize by autoclaving for 15 minutes at
121°C or passage through a .45- or .22-micron sterile filter.
Then the same process is repeated for the other dissolutions (0.5%,0.9%).
0.5% solution: NaCl 5 g, Distilled water 1 liter.
0.9% solution: NaCl 9 g, Distilled water 1 liter
Results
In the case of the samples, two tubes of blood samples of two different
vofromnteers were obtained, and they were ready to be analyzed with different
concentrations of NaCl.

Ethical considerations
It´s necessary to be supervised for a person who did before extractions of blood
and be very careful in having the kit and materials sterilized to avoid infections,
also in the operation of blood samples and clean perfectly the material after and
before use, of course, if we have enough blood put in the area of toxic residuals.

Problems anticipated.
The only consideration was the volunteers because it´s difficult that someone is
volunteer to be extracted blood.

References
(1) Ósmosis y tonicidad (artículo). (s. f.). Khan Academy. Recuperado 23 de
octubre de 2022, de https://es.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-
structure-and-function/mechanisms-of-transport-tonicity-and-
osmoregulation/a/osmosis
(2) Tonicidad. (s. f.). Recuperado 23 de octubre de 2022, de:
 https://medicina.usac.edu.gt/quimica/coloides/Tonicidad.htm
(3) Sangre. (s. f.). Recuperado 23 de octubre de 2022, de:
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html