Holy Cross College

Sta. Ana, Pampanga

Engineering Drawings
&
Plans Learning Module

Compiled and prepared by: Jean Fhey S. Ronquillo, RCE, MSCE

College of Engineering and Criminology
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

INTRODUCTION: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

INTRODUCTION:
Imagine how you can express the details of a structure as a future engineer
through words to about 50 people during the construction. Will it be effective?
Engineering drawing serves as the fundamental language of communication in
engineering. It is a medium to interpret engineering designs. This is the only way
to show the details, dimensions and the projected output of a structure. This shows
the expected output of the project.
Years ago, this can only be done through sketch in the sand. After some
years, it evolves into using paper and pencil. In this age, it is expressed through
Computer-Aided Design. But in order to apply to this software, it is a need to study
Engineering Drawings and Plans.
Engineering drawings are the preliminary requirements is building a
structure. It is the main part of planning stage. The following will depend on
engineering drawings and plans before, during and completion of the
construction of the project:
1. Preliminary implementation stage:
a. Approval of required floor area in the submitted land title.
b. Approval of complete requirements in the building official.
c. Preparations of documents such as finalized bill of materials,
implementation schedule or S-Curve,
d. List of material specifications.
e. Gives a better idea where to start.
2. During project implementation stage:
a. Engineering plans serve as the main language of the engineers and
other workers. They can call thru phones and have a clear conversation
regarding the project if they have the engineering plans as the guide.
b. The step by step progress of the project depends on what is reflected to
the engineering drawing and plans. Thru this, if there will be changes in
people in charge, it is easy to track what is the next step.
c. Gives better idea where to continue
3. Completion of project stage:
a. If there were revisions in actual vs the original proposal of the project,
thru the help of existing engineering plans and drawings, the involved
personnel will easily detect.
b. Additional cost to be implied depends on a.
c. For final inspection, the building official will evaluate the completed
structure based on the approved engineering drawings and plans.
d. If there will be problems the structure will encounter with the absence of
the previous engineer, through the provided revised engineering
drawing and plans, the solution will be provided.
There are more advantages engineering drawings and plans provide. As it
is the main language the engineers use, it is important for you as an aspiring future
engineer to develop skills in the formulation and interpretation of it.

COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

LESSON I SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENTS

Learning Objectives:

1. Gain information about systems of measurements.

2. Learn the differences of measurements.
3. Develop skill and application of systems of measurements.

Overview

Have you ever imagined an engineer building a structure while holding a plan without
measurements? What can you say about the situation if that engineer was you? How will
it affect your work? If 2 of you were required to draw something with the same definition
of a structure without using a system of measurement, would you have the same output?

Have you imagined how Nazca lines were made if they can only be viewed from the air
given their massive sizes? Do you think they were measured to achieve excellent
appearance inspite of their sizes? Kindly watch the video sent to you.

In drawing, there is a system of measurements to be followed. The Metric System of

Measurement is a decimalized system which is based on 10’s for weights and measures
on units such as the kilogram and meter. The English System of Measurement most of the
time is a fractionalized system for weights and measures on units such as pounds and
foot.

System of measurement is important not only in the beginning of the drawing lesson but
in all drawing processes.

How to read these systems of measurements:

1|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

In this subject, metric system of measurement will be used.

LINEAR UNITS IN METRIC SYSTEM

Micrometer= 0.000001 meter (millionths)
Millimeter= 0.001 meter (thousandths
Centimeter= 0.01 meter (hundredths)
Decimeter= 0.1 meter (tenths)
Meter= 1 meter (unit of linear measure)
Decameter= 10 meters (tenths
Hectometer= 100 meters (hundreds)
Kilometer= 1000 meters (thousands)

2|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

LESSON II Drawing Instruments and their use.

Learning objectives:

1. Gain information about drawing instruments.

2. Learn the different uses of drawing instruments.
3. Develop skills in properly using drawing instruments.

Overview:

Have you drawn something before? What is it? How was it? I’m sure you used a pencil,
ruler and crayons. But in engineering drawing, there are more drawing instruments and
tools to be used.

Drawing instruments could provide a big improvement in the output. It compels a better
presentation and interpretation of the drawing’s content thru imparting accuracy than
in freehand drawing. Also, these instruments fasten the work of a draftsman and gives a
good drawing criterion. Remember that it needs to have enough knowledge in using
these drawing instruments in order to achieve your desired output.

3|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE:

DRAWING TABLE. A kind of

multipurpose desk which can be
used for any kind of drawing and
sketching in a large sheet of paper.

DRAWING TUBES. These fantastic

adjustable tubes enable you to
carry your drawings without the
paper getting torn and/or

METRIC SCALE RULER. It is a

specialized ruler designed to
facilitate the drafting and
T-SQUARE. It is a technical drawing
measuring of engineering drawings
instrument used by draftsmen
such as floor plans and
primarily as a guide for drawing
orthographic projections.
horizontal lines on a drafting table.
It may also guide a set square to

4|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

SET SQUARE.A set square or

triangle is an object used in
engineering and technical
drawing, with the aim of
providing a straightedge at a
right angle or other particular
planar angle to a baseline.

PROTRACTOR. A protractor is a
measuring instrument, typically
made of transparent plastic or glass,
for measuring angles.

DRAWING COMPASS. Also known

as a pair of compasses is a
technical drawing instrument that
can be used for inscribing circles
or arcs. As dividers, they can also
be used as tools to measure
distances, in particular on maps.

5|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

ERASERS. A piece of rubber or

other material used to rub out
marks made by ink, pencil or chalk.

METRIC SCALE RULER. It is a

specialized ruler designed to
facilitate the drafting and
measuring of engineering
drawings such as floor plans and
orthographic projections.

TRACING PAPER. Tracing paper is

made to low capacity, allowing light
to pass through. It was originally
developed for architects and design
engineers to create drawings which
could be copied precisely using the
diazo copy process; it then found
many other uses.

6|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

KNEADED ERASER. Kneaded eraser

can be shaped by hand for precision
erasing, creating highlights, or
performing detailed work. They are
commonly used to remove light
charcoal or graphite marks and in
subtractive drawing techniques.

DRAWING TAPE. It is use to keep

the paper in well positioned. It is
easily removable even from
delicate surfaces like paper. It does
not leave a sticky residue when it is
removed.

Medium Grade (B or HB pencil): Pencil used in standard

7|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

A3 PAPER. An A3 paper measures

297mmx420mm.

Images credit from: Wikipedia

Position of T-square and Drawing Paper:

1. Place the drawing paper near the edge of the drawing table. Using drawing tape,
fix your paper in your desired position.
2. Hold the blade of the t square near the head firmly. Practice the position to avoid
the error of swinging the blade.
3. Position the t square with enough space from the bottom edge of the drawing
table to prevent the t square from falling and to provide to a convenient space
for the t square when not in use.
4. Support the head of the t square on the edge of the drawing table to draw
accurate horizontal line.

8|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

LESSON III FREEHAND DRAWING

Learning Objectives:

1. Gain information about technical sketching.

2. Learn the applicable sketching materials and techniques.
3. Develop freehand drawing skills.

Overview:

In freehand sketching, only (3) materials are needed. These are pencil (F or HB grade),
soft erase (plastic) and some paper.

LESSON IIIA. SKETCHING STRAIGHT LINES

Learning Objectives

1. Gain information about sketching straight lines.

2. Learn the techniques in line sketching thru practice
3. Develop line sketching skills and apply in freehand drawing.

Overview:

A good draft is achieved through the application of continuous freedom in the correct
path in sketching. Remember in sketching a line, the accuracy of the direction is more
important than the smoothness. Short line can be drawn in one single stroke while long
lines should be drawn with series of segments connecting from one end to another and
the hand being shifted after each segment. They should not be tampered or
overlapping.

Techniques of Line Sketching: (Kindly refer to page 5-7 of your textbook, Basic Drawing
2015, Capili, Miguela F., De Guzman, Melquiades S. and Talucod, Sheila Mae S.)

9|Page
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

10 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

PLATE NO.1

1. Plate title: LINE EXERCISES

2. Materials required:

A3 paper
Drawing Table
T-square
HB Pencil
Ruler
Eraser

3. Activity:

A. For your presentation,

draw the title block shown.
Use ruler for measurements
only. See attached figure for
your reference.

B. In an accomplished
sheet, freehand sketch the
following lines. Maintain
5mm distance from line to
line.

11 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

12 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

LESSON IIIB. SKETCHING ARCS,CICLES AND ELLIPSES

Objectives

1. Learn the techniques in drawing curved lines thru practice.

2. Apply the proper procedure in sketching arcs, circles and ellipses.

Overview:

In sketching, arcs and circles are also used. A circle is a closed figure consisting of points
equidistant from the center. Just like straight lines, learning how to sketch arcs and circles
is necessary for beginners. Any portion of a circle is an arc. It may be a minor arc
(measuring less than 180°) or a major arc (measuring between 180 ° and 360 °).

Methods of Drawing a Circle: (Kindly refer to page 5-7 of your textbook, Basic Drawing
2015, Capili, Miguela F., De Guzman, Melquiades S. and Talucod, Sheila Mae S.)

13 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

References:
R1. Basic Drawing Philippine Copyright, 2009 Revised Edition, 2010. Tomas S. Bustos, Miguela F. Capili, Melquiades S.
De Guzman, Sheila May S. Talucod, Oliver R. Liangco
R2. Technical Drawing, 9th Edition. Frederick E. Giesecke, Alva Mitchell, Henry Cecil Spencer, Ivan Leroy Hill, John
Thomas Dygdon and James E. Novak
R. https://www.craftsmanspace.com/knowledge/reading-an-imperial-ruler.html
https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/measurement
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzatdt4e-5c
https://www.colourbox.com/vector/architectural-background-with-drawing-tools-and-rolls-of-drawings-vector-clip-art-vector-
4568920
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettering

14 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

PLATE NO. 2 and PLATE NO. 3

Plate No. 2 title: ARCS AND CIRCLES

Plate NO. 3 title: ARCS AND CIRCLES

Materials required:
A3 paper
Drawing Table
T-square
HB Pencil
Ruler
Eraser

1. After learning the methods in drawing circles and ellipses, draw the following
in two plates:

15 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)
 Engineering Drawing and Plans Module
Holy Cross College

MODULE I: ENGINEERING DRAWING AND PLANS

PLATE NO. 4 (Assignment)

Plate No.4 title: MIXED LINES

Materials required:
A3 paper
Drawing Table
T-square
HB Pencil
Ruler
Eraser

16 | P a g e
COMPILED AND PREPARED BY: RONQUILLO, JEAN FHEY S., RCE, MSCE
(This is for academic use only.)