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BUHI ST. JOSEPH’S ACADEMY

San Pedro, Buhi, Camarines Sur
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Topics:

Lesson 1: Social Institutions

Lesson 2: Characteristic and functions of institutions

Lesson 3: Major Institutions

Lesson 4: Organizational Culture

Lesson 5: School’s Mission and Vision

Lesson 6: Intercultural Communication

Lesson 7: Behavioral Components of Culture

Lesson 8: How is Culture transmitted?

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LESSON 1: Social Institution

 These are social structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation that
govern the behaviour of its members.
 Is a group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social
role?

LESSON 2: Characteristic and functions of institution

1. Institutions are purposive. Each of them has the satisfaction of social needs as its own
goal or objective

2. They are relatively permanent in their content. The pattern roles and relations that
people enact in a particular culture become traditional and enduring. Although
institutions are subject to change, the change is relatively slow.

3. Institutions are structured. The components tend to band together, and reinforce one
another.

4. Institutions are unified structure. They function as a unit.

5. Institutions are necessarily value-laden. Their repeated uniformities, patterns and

trends become codes of conduct.

LESSON 3: Major Institution

1. The Family- the smallest social institution with the unique function of producing and
rearing the young.

2. Education- the basic purpose is the transmission of knowledge. Schools became

necessary when cultural complexity created a need for specialized knowledge and skill
which could not be easily acquired in family, church and community.
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3. Religion- any set of coherent answers to the dilemmas of human existence that makes
the world meaningful. It is also a system of beliefs and practices that binds people
together through shared worship, therefore creating a social group.

4. Economic Institutions- refers to any institution that is a player in an economy. This is

a social science that involves itself in the study and analysis of production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.

5. Government- an institution entrusted with making and enforcing rules of society as

well as regulating relations with other societies.

LESSON 4: Organizational Culture

What is an Organization’s culture?

A shared pattern of beliefs, assumptions and expectations held by organization members.
Often called an organization’s personality
Informs us of what to believe, how to act and make decisions
Guides members in how to perceive the artifacts, environment, norms, roles, values and
physical cues
The strategy, leadership style and ways of accomplishing tasks reflect organization
culture

Characteristics of cultures
 Collective, evolves over time (thin to thick)
 Results from interaction by organizational members
 Reflects what members agree about
 Can create social order
 Helps members construct proper attitudes and behaviors
 Contributes to socialization of new members
 Enhances member feeling of belonging and commitment.
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LESSON 5: School’s Mission and Vision

What is the difference?

Mission Statements

 Communicates the organization’s reason for being, and how it aims to serve its key
stakeholders
 Often integrates a summation of the firm’s values
 Mission statements tend to be longer than vision statements

Vision Statements

 A future-oriented declaration of the organization’s purpose and aspirations.

 Addresses what a firm wants to become
 Vision statements tend to be relatively brief

LESSON 6: Intercultural Communication

What is culture?
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviours, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideals
that are characteristics of a particular society or culture.(Ember, 1999)

the learned norms, values, knowledge, artefacts, language and symbols that are
constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life. (Calhoun, et
al.1994)

The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society
or a social group that encompasses lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems,
traditions and beliefs. (UNESCO, 2002).
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Characteristics of Culture
1. Culture is learned. A child born in the Philippines but was brought to the United
States after birth may not develop traits characteristic of Filipinos.

2. Culture is shared by group of people- an action or thought must be commonly shared

by some population or group of individuals.

3. Culture is cumulative- knowledge is stored and passed on form one generation to the
next, and new learning is added to what is existing.

4. Cultures change- all cultural knowledge does not perpetually accumulate. At the
same time that new cultural traits are added, some old ones are lost because they are no
longer useful.

5. Culture is dynamic- it is constantly changing because new ideas and new techniques
are added and old ways are modified and discarded.

6. Culture is ideational- culture is an ideal pattern of behaviour which the members are
expected to follow. Man assigns meanings to his environment and experiences by
symbolizing them.

7. Culture is diverse- the sum total of human culture consists of a great many separate
cultures, each of them different.

8. Culture gives us a range of permissible behaviour patterns.- every culture allows a

range of ways in which men can be men and women can be women. It tells us how
different activities should be conducted—how one should act as husband, wife, parent,
child, etc.
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Lesson 7: Behavioral Components of Culture

1. Norms- norms are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behaviour of
its members. They reflect the society’s beliefs about correct and incorrect behaviours.
(something that is usual or typical)

Types of norms:

A. Mores- they are customary behavior patterns or folkways which have taken on a
moralistic value. E.g. respect for authority, marriage and sex behaviour patterns,
religious rituals etc.

B. Laws- are formalized norms, the most formal and important norms. These are
enacted by people who are vested with government power.

C. Folkways- these are behaviour patterns which are organized and repetitive. They are
simply the way people do things, no strong feeling of right or wrong. E.g. the way we
eat, the way we dress etc. (traditional behaviour or way of life)

D. Rituals- highly scripted ceremonies or strips of interaction that follow a specific

sequence of actions. E.g. graduation, baptism, funerals, handshake, greetings, walking
on the right of sidewalk, etc.

Lesson 8: How is Culture transmitted?

Culture is transmitted through:

1. Enculturation- The process of learning culture of one’s own group.

2. Acculturation- the process of learning some new traits from another culture.
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Manifestations of culture
Rituals and ceremonies provide structure to our daily life and to the routine of a school.
Rituals occur routinely whereas ceremonies are grander, less frequent events
(graduation).
Heroes and heroines are those people whom we look up to as reflecting the
organization’s values – people who are examples of living those values
Stories and tales are recollections of events that are told and retold and play a powerful
role in sharing examples of organizational values. Stories often contain a moral and are
inevitably engaging
Rewards and reinforcements reflect those things that are valued and therefore rewarded.
Is it creativity in the classroom or compliance with established patterns? Is it waiving a
rule so that a student may be successful or adhering to a strict interpretation of policy?

What principals can do? It can be helpful to assess your current culture

 Rituals and Ceremonies:

 Does your school have a set of rituals and routines that communicate your values
about student learning?
 Are there special events that demonstrate to your school’s mission and vision?
 Heroes and Heroines:
 How do you recognize and celebrate people who contribute to the success of
every student?
 What ways do you use to recognize students and teachers who exemplify
commitment to your school’s mission?
 Stories and tales:
 What stories do you tell about your school, about students and staff?
 What do you say to share your commitment to your school’s mission?
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Rewards and reinforcements:

 Do you routinely reward students and teachers who do things that support your
school’s mission?
 How do you recognize and reward people for their work?