Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter One: Management: Science, Theory and Practice
Chapter One: Management: Science, Theory and Practice
Chapter One: Management: Science, Theory and Practice
Management: Science,
Theory and Practice
Efficiency
Getting work
done through
others Effectiveness
1
Prepared by Muhammad Abdul Baset 2
Efficiency and Effectiveness
Efficiency
Getting work done with a minimum of effort,
expense, or waste
Doings things right—most output for least input
Effectiveness
Accomplishing tasks that help fulfill organizational
objectives
Doing the right things
Management Functions
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Leading
Controlling
Planning
Inspiring
Leading
Motivating
Controlling
C
P L O
L E N
Top level
managers A A T
N D R
Middle level
N I O
managers I L
N
L
N G
I
G
First level supervisors N
G
Organizational Hierarchy
Definition of productivity:
Successful companies create a surplus through
productive operations. Although there is not complete
agreement on the true meaning of productivity. Let
define it as input-output ratio within a time period
with due consideration for quality. It can be expressed
as follows:
Productivity= outputs/inputs
Top Managers
Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
Team Leaders
Developing commitment
and ownership in employees
Plant Manager
Regional Manager
Divisional Manager
Office Manager
Shift Supervisor
Department Manager
Negotiator
Informational Roles
Skills Approach
Technical skills
Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
Human skills
The ability to work well with other people
Conceptual skills
The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and
complex situations concerning the organization
Competitive Advantages of
Well-Managed Companies
Innovation
Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and taking risks
Managers should encourage employees to be aware of and
act on opportunities for innovation.