BEI2

4-2
5(2
006
-20
07):1
39-
154

RobertKRITZER

TheNamesofWindsintheVariousVersionsofthe
Garbh縋akr縅tisutra

1
. l
ntr
odu
cti
ont
oth
eText

TheGarbhãvakrantisiitra , a si t
snamesuggests , d escr
i be
st hep roces so frebirth ,
begi nnin gw ithc o nc epti
o nande n dingw i thb i
rtha n dad e
scr i
pti ono fth ep hys icala nd
ment als ufferi
ngso ft h
enewbornb eing.Th eh e
arto ft hesiitra , andwhatmakesi to f
particula rinterest, i
si tsweek-by-weeka ccounto fg e stat ion.Whilemostl ndianm edic al
andr elig io
ustextsd e a
lingw it
hg estationd es
cribet h em o nth lyd巴velopment o ft hefetus ,
theG ar
b h a
vakranti sii t
raseemst obe 出巴 first tobr ea kiti nto3 8weeks. Dependingo nt he
vers iono fthesiitra , t
het ex
tm ention sw i ndsw it
hv ario u sf u
n ct
i onsi ne acho f29o r30
week s.Thesew i nd sh avep ecu
liara n dc olorfulnames , w hic ha l
soo ftendiff e
rt ogr巴ater
orl essere xt
entsi nt hed iff
erentv ers ionso ft he siitra , a nda ne xamina tio no f th巴
diff ere
n c e
smayb eaf ir
sts t
ept owardsc la ri
fyingtherath巴 r c on fu
s i nghistoryo ft hetex.t
Unfortunately , t hes ii
trai sn ote x
tanti n Sanskrit, a lt hough fragm巴 nts o fa
Toch ari a nversiono ft h
es ii
traareb ein ge dit
edbyP r ofes s orG eorg es-JeanP ina ulto ft he
Ecol epratiqu巴 des h autes騁 udes.TheY o gacarabhii mim e ntionst hesiit
rabynamea nd
quot esv erybriefp or tion
so fi.Vasubandhui
t nt h
eAbhidharmakosabha~ya a lsom entio ns
thetitle , alt
houghn o thingint hev ersionso ft hesiitr at h atweh a v ecorre spond st owhat
hec laim st oq uot efromi .Ont
t heo therhand , t he rea reo nco rtwop assa g
e st h
atdo
coηespond t ot hes i it
rat h
ath eq uotesw i
thouta nyr ef e rence.lna nycas巴 ， o n lyat i n
y
fractiono fthesiitrai sa v
ailablefr oml ndics ource
s.
T hereare , however , th
reeC hin esea ndthr巴e T ibe tant ransl a
tionso ft hec omple te
t巴xt. Dharmaraksa' s(Chuf ahu 竺法護) l atet hi
rd- c entu ryC h in
e s etranslation , Paoイal
ching 胞胎経 (T . 317) , i sbyf arthee arliesto fthese , fol l owedb yB odhiruci's( P 'u
-t'i
-liuｭ
chih 菩提流志) translation , F0 w eia -na ns huoc h' u-t 'αi hui 併昂阿難説慮胎曾 in t he
Ratn akii{ a(T.310n .13) , andI-ching's 義浮 translation ， w hic hap p ear
si ntwoplaces , t he
Miilasarvastivadavinayak四 drakavastu ( T.1 451)a nd th巴 Ratnakiita ( T. 310 n .1 4 )
Bodh iruc i'sa ndI -chi n
g'st ra
nslati
onsb o tha r
ed atedt ot h ee arlye ighthc entury.
Twoo fth巴 three T ibe
tant ranslationsa retran slat i on
sn otfromSanskrit, b utf r om
Chin ese:Tohoku5 7i sat rans
lationo fI -ching'stran slat i on(B uss hokaisetsud a ijiten , 9:
259) , wh ileTohoku5 8isan inth-centuryt r
anslat
io no fB odhi ru
c i'st ranslationb y' G os
Ch osg r ub( Bus shok aisetsud ai jiten , 9:2 55).The third , f oundi nt heT i
be tan
Vinayak~udraka ( To hoku6), i
sa ni ndep endentt ra
ns l atio nf ro mth eSanskrit, p r esumab ly
b y Vidyãkaraprabha , DharmasrThhadra , a ndD p a l 'byor , t het ranslatorso ft he
1
40 R
obe
rtKRITZER
eNameso
Th fWindsi
nth
eVa
rio
usV巴rsions o
fth
eGarbh縋akr縅tis ra 1
41

Vinayak !judraka ,l whowerea

lsoa
cti
vei
nth
eni
nthc
ent
ury
.

tran
s l
a t
I
o
nt
r
s.F
his paper , 1w
o rt h
es akeo
illr e
fert ot heC
fconvenienc巴， Iw
h
i
i
l
n
lc
e
set
a
l
ran sla
tions by th巴 names o
lTohoku6,“Tibetan V inaya.
ft h
"The
e
おじ:J;3512・oJZJ;tt:!iLUZ;322t222Jlea;口出出LE
f
romt
hep
oin
tofv
ie fth巴 fetus ，“Facing down."
wo
othertwoT ibe tantranslati on
swi 1b
l ed esignatedbyt he
irTohokunumbers.
Onev
pages , Bodhi
e
ru
rs
c
io
io
no
fa
ft
b o
u
hesr
t4 1
ai
/3T
ss
ai
h
s
or.D
t harmaraksac
h pages , an
o
dTohoku5
n
sistso
8o
fa
fa
b
b
o
o
u
u
t42
t1 1f
/3Taishδ
oli
os[ 22
t
he vよ2122な;rZiZZsttt2402;LEEJSI:なな?:;t122i
s
g
i
e
d
n
e
s
er
]i
a
nt
ls t
h
eDergee
ruct ureo
d i
tion .B od
hiruc
fDharmarak切 's t
ia
r
n
a
dTohoku5
nslat
ionw hi
8usually, b
lef r
equen
t
utn
l
o
yd
talways, f
ifferi
n
oll
gfrom i
owt
ti
h
e
n trh;tfuzzJLt117JZi::;JcztzziJ?ぉ:::z:tJSE:

抗日 組問;;
detai.
l
I-
chin g' stran
s lat
io na ndTohoku5 7aremuchl o nger(about71 /3T ai s
hp ages
and 2 12 /
3f olio
s) and c ontain ac onsidera
b le amount o f what 1hav 巴 pr巴viously
charac terizeda sabhidharma-likem at
erial( Kri
tz e
r1 998:1 1
-12).Theyagre巴 completely
inst r
u cturea n dgenerally , bu
tn o
talways , i
ndetai.
l

l
o
e
f
a
t
v
e
es
ni
)t
Finally , t
hanI -c
h
h
ndetail , a
et
in
r

swes
ans

h
la

a
t

1
i
o

ls
ni

ee
nT
gandTohoku57 , w
.T h
i
b

e
e

r
ta
i
ea
t
nV

ret
in

h
r
a

e
y
hwhichi
ai

ep o
sc
ta
s
g
s
i
r
b
o
e
i
n

l
e
i
si
si
ti
d
e

e
s
ra
ns
:e
bl
t
r
i
yl
u
t
c
h
e
t
u
o
r
ri
n
e
ge
.I
ti
rs
td
sa
t
i
i

ne
l
l(
ff
er
x
282
sq
pan
u
i
de
/
3
t
e
d
恕;お説話誕百五:;;:;:盟国:日:;15my;話
t
o
ra
ft
ns
h
la
et
ti
e
o
x
no
tt
ft
ra n
h
s
esamet
la
tedi nT
ex
i
tt
be
h
t
a
tI
a
nV
-
i
c
h
n
i
a
n
y
gt
a;o
ran
s
rI
la
-
c
t
h
e
i
d
;o
nga
rI
n
-
dT
ch
i
i
b
n
e
gi
t
a
sa nabridge
nVinayaweret
dt ra
r
a
n
s
n
l
s
a
l
t
a
i
t
o
e
d
n
fzzfzr;ょ:ffZよな:;;24252f127i:;21E25ZIL32:?な;立
fromsom巴what d
At t h
i
fferentS a
e mom巴nt ， we c
nskr
a
i
to
na
r
ig
tl
in
e
a
l
a
s
s
td
.
i
stinguish a short巴r versiono ft he sütra , tlzzrzzdhZ
Bod}1 imc iandT 0 1
10K115
L212な止27;::;:;口22ZL;足立tt二lr
8II lent
I onaWIndandnamelt “ MaKIng hungryandthirsty ,:
r巴present巴d b yDharmarak~a， Bodhiruci , a ndTohoku58 , andal ongerone , onwhich
Tibe t
a nVinaya, I-ching, a ndTohoku5 7a r
ebas巴d. Whethert helong巴r ve
rs ionshould (perh apsk!jut
pips 緻ara1}a)・ Here thpnameoft
heWIndi
sident
ICaltoitsfun
cti
on-
alsob ed i v
i dedi ntotwos epar
ateversionsissti
llunclear , b
ut1b eliev
et ha
tac ompariso n .In o ther cam , one mIght1mg1nea c?meetion ktweeI1the name a ndt he
ofwindnamess ugg
es tsth attheyshould
. function , a
lthouhiいs n
g ota sc l
eara sthosementmeda
bove.Thearstwindi nWEek1 2

I
I. WindNamesandWindFunctions
322JZZtur:LffJAlt0251なごむ 12JsiZLzzt

:
vokrantukha), whECh suggests , at l
eas
ttome, the c
onv
olu
tedt
ubi
ngo
fth
ein
tes
tin
es.

j叩読出?沼日出
f古i日渋忠椛諜叩荒日詰器叩日叩
e苦器部叩詰芸荘:;日溶叩
;g裕椛叩
j話t誌詑詰詰叩:!措;結謎;5拙
As1m entio nedabove , oneofthedist
incti
vef ea turesofa 1
lv e rs i
o n
so ft hesr ai s
t

s
n
h
ew

u
o
mm
i

a
tgoi
n
known f
r
d

i
s2t
e
z
n
a
e
t
t
h
u
r
atmaket
eo
dmucho
fI n
d
ft
i
h
h
ef
anr
ere
e

s
od巴tail 巴xcept t
t
e
e
u
l

os
a
sd
i
r
g
i
c
a
e
o
ve
na
l

hont
ytha
o
n
pfromweekt
dc
h
i
lassi
calI
ssu対ect i
tnowherei
n

ne
d
ow

i
ia

th
e

e
e

rt
k
.Int巴rnal w
n medicine , a

h
er eligio
sw

u
so
i
nd
e
sa
ll

rt
reaw
. Zysk h
ntwoarticl巴s (1 993 , 2007) , a
hem
nd1w
edi
e

c
l
a
i
a
l

l
ｭ
s
l
l 口出口::;r:ご?3
九L:地詰;九Lt2rrZ
r2rtu山s. 恥
な Thi加E路s na細
m…
日日
:5
店沼日fを
li
teratu
reh ave1f o undlongl istsoffanci
fu1
lynamedw i ndsthata rei nstrum
ent ali nf etal
develop mentIikβthose ino urt e
x.3 TheJaimjn~yasaf!lhjtã s
t tat
est hatwinda ndf ir
eb egi n Andt
heea問
r a numberofwinds ャith verypicture叩e namest
hatseemt
oha
ve
t
m
h
ep
enti
r
o
o
n
ce
sh
sso
o
fh
ta n
ar
dc
de
o
n
l
in
gt
dwin
h
d
ef
st
e
h
t
u
a
si
tac
nthef
tont
i
h
r
stmonth, and, l
ef etusi nt h
i
keth巴 Susrutasamhitã ， i
es巴cond montht os oli
difyi
t
t
C223!之江主;;芯it口52ECfぷ?fJ:ニr了;;:Jh;?などrZ2
(Smets2003 ・ 2004 : 31
5-316).AsL angenbergp oin
tsout , t heSusr utas af
!1h
it a s cribest he
SansむIt waspmbablys
ome
thi
ngl
ik stranslation，“Sh側h
ekojamukha , and Idung'

即日間四日!日間
fun
c ti
ono fe x p
elli ngthefetu
st ooneo fthefivebodil ywinds ， α:pãna . However, s hea lso
not
e sthatw i
n dsa陀 not e la
bo ratel
yd esc
ribedint hem edi ca
lliterature , where , unlik巴 lß
our sütra , theya re pur巴ly p hysi
cal and n ot 陀 lated t o karma ( 2
008:1 80-183) .
Furthermore , i
nt hec ase0fapãna , thename 問 fers tot hemovemento fthewindr ather
口JtJfZC3ぷdd;ぉ:Jfthe 先制s) i
ntoap
es (
the thi吋叫札 further
lWedon o
th aveaS ans
krittex
to ftheVinayα k~udraka. Butt h
ef a ctth
atthes 皦
raisfoun
dinbo山 the

:;記J;日出混とJ551j忠告。端部525
Ch
inesea n
dT ibet a ntran
slati
onsoftheVinayak~udraka sugge山 that t iwasinco
rpor
ate
dinth
eSans
kr
it
2Ti
betanV i
n ayaa ddsaplura
lm arke
ra f
terthen a meso fth暗 winds ， b
uttheoth
ervers
ion
sdonot
.Forthe
sa
keofsimpli日 Iy ， 1usethesi
ngul
ar10refertoa nys pe
cificw ind
3Fo
rt hatmatter, 1wa sn otawareofanys uchlist
si na nyωntext u ntilProfe
sso
rP i
nau
ltinf
orm
edmethat
血e陀 is al
is
to fw indn amesinunedit
edT ocharians ources( p
er s
ona lcommunic
ation
).1hopet
oexamine
t
hi
slis
tw h
ent ib e comesa v
ai
labl
e;tima yhelpc l
arif
yt heo r
igina
lS a
ns
kritn a
mesofatle
asts
omeofthβ ;
I2
0rt
hec
tun
esea
ndTIbetan, S?e I
hec
ha
rta
tIh
een
dof
Ihe
pap
erｭ
wi
ndsint h
es 皦ra ;山
 TheN
arn
eso
fWindsi
nth
eVa
rio
usV
ers
ion
soft
heGarbh縋akr縅tisra 1
43
R
obe
rtKRITZER
1
42
t hea lter nater巴ading) i nDhannarak~a.

品目112rt::127ぷPL221fimが足立はな32
0
F71
rta
gam
a:‘
na
)or Nectar" (
amth巴 sense
r
ta)o
r“ Unlimited" (
ami
ta)c
rea
tes o
rga
nso
fth
e
58 , w h i
I
l
ntwocases , T
el -chinga n
ibetanVinayaa
dDhannarak~a a
n
r
dTohoku5
ebot hd iffe
r
7a
en.
g
r
tI
eea gainstB o
nW，巴ek 24 , T
dh
i
i
b
r
e
uc
t
ia
anV
n
i
dTohoku
nayaa n
d
Tohoku5 7b ot hc a
llt hewind“ Completely floating ," w hileinB o dh iruciandTohoku5 8

設五日i治事le部:13jui3415:31器
tis “ Holding clouds ," i
i nI-ching , “ Increasingly ov巴 rflowing ，" a n
di n Dharmaraklia ,
“ Holding f st
a ."Here“ Completely f l oating"s uggestst h
eS anskri tpar伊 lu ， whi leI -ching
maya lsob etrans l
a ti
ngp lu-w ithap r ef
ix:abhiplu勺 samãplu-， sampariplu-, a n dup ap
l uｭ
(anoth巴r possiblEInterpretationofcamGramukhαω)， cleans巴s thesam巴 body part臼st出.ha瓜tw巴r巴 a llc anmeant oo ve rflow.Int hiscase , its e emsa st hought h
et r
a ns
latoro fTohoku5 7
r eliedonaS anskritm a nu
s cripto rT ib etanV ina yaratherthano nI -ching'st ra
n s l
ation.As

:
:
:
i3
2
3諜詰;詰詰:器器:ねi ;
:
:
::
f
f
o
o
rt
ll
h
o
et
we
hre
dbyt
eshort巴r versions , t
het ranslato
r so
h e
ya lls ha
fTohoku58 , wase
ret hei
i
the
de
rl
ao
o
fholding , b
oki
nga ta no
u
r
tc
i
gin
l
a
ea
ld
rl
i
yBodhiruci ,
ffe re
ntf r om
:ぽr;おごぷ:::t?:??忠位L:江:2:t口
12ロ:?れη:3;;出
n=立Sよ::芯:2:出;2:ど口;JγよT古;2L口之2t;出 t heo n et
Ti
ha
b
twast
etanV i
h
n
eb
ay
as
i
aa
sf
n
orDhannarak~a o
dTohoku5 7a l
s
rr
oseemt
eadt
oa
h
esam巴 text i
g r
eeont h
nav
enameo
eryd
ft h
if
ef
fe
i
r
rs
en
tway.
twindi n
t出h巴 c
onn
ect
ionbetw巴巴n t
henameωs '
andf
unc
tio
nso
fth
ewE
mI
nI
dsw
illbecomea
tle
ast Week38 ,“Limbs" o r“ Assembling t hel imb s."Thiswind , whi c ht urnst hefetus , makes
somewhatcl巴arer. i ts arms hang down , and p ositionsi ta tt hem other's vagina , i sn otm en tione di n
Dharmarak~a. B od hiru c
ig ivesitsnamea s“ Seized cond
itions."However, ahomonymous
I
II
. VariationsinWindNames word , i nwhichat reeradicalisa dd edt ot heC hine secharacterf or“ conditions ," i
sf o
u nd

a刊
Ti
v a訂川Tふ Oぱf ∞
be ta
nt
however , t
r
an
h
s
e
c orrespond
l
r
a
ea
t
io
r
nsa
eo f
…
nexami町出巴 nam巴回s o
I f悦

lcl巴a訂rly 叩
l
t
the巴 W耐山 V刊anou凶sv刊e釘
Som巴t im川e 帥 Ch
s ug邸g出t as
ndiffer巴IICes amongt
e
i
ng
h
eSa叩
l
eTI
叩叩
rs
路siぬons oft悦
凶un悶 tran 山脳
ann出sla幻由帥
nskrit original
b
etana nd/o rt h
ti矧仰
.Eveni
he巴 山函耐耐仰
iぬ0
su 問肌

nt
ωr
tr悶肌川
ω
a仏

h
， on即巴 Tds

es
ect11nes巴 translations.
ecases ,
m
t h
e
a
ani

じorrect匂
ngcitron, o

Finally , i
tha
rmãtulunga , and1s
tth巴 translator o
.ed and出
fTohoku58f
the n
幻t 白
nI-ching , t h
ameo
ewinda
ft h
l
aithf
u

ewindi
soh a
u
s
p
l
l
e

sab
c
yr
tt
ep
h
r
a
o
tt
du
h
c
ewordf
ed.1t
nBodhi討rucαi r
otanica
e
a
h
l
i
l
o
n
u

ys
lname , b
n
kt

u
di

h
h
a
ou
tad
nB

l
odhir uciisamistak巴
tth巴 charact巴 r s
db巴 g創iven aωs
if
feren
houl

tone,“Indigo
db e

t lower."

iS5話iET::J5;;抗告忠告訴読書23iifiJ52i
InWeek6 , wec a nseet hr
e ed i
fferentt ran
slatio
ns.T ibet anVinaya , I-ching , a nd
Tohoku 57 a l
la gree on “ Vast" (νisada o r ud縒a) a st he nameo ft he wind , w hile
B odhiru ciandTohoku5 8c allit“ Food" ( bhojana?).Asi so fte
nt hecase , Dharm arakl i
ai s

;:滞日:!!日521:忠告2日th;3535i:
complet巴Iy different , c al
l i
ngit“ Water." T hiswindi ssaidt ocau s et h
es ignso ft h
el ower
p ar t
so ft hearmsa ndl e
gst oa ppear.
R egardi ngt henameof 出e f irs twindi nWeek11 , o nlyB od hiruciandTohoku5 8
agree , c allin
g it “ Adamantine" ( vajra).T here may b e som巴 connection i n meaning

誌日刊誌ijjEY部部!??::出::!?:五割
h etwe ent henames “ Penetrate" i nI -c hinga nd“ Apparition ofh ol es"inTohoku5 7:b oth
刈em r elatedtot h ef unct
i onofth ewind , w hic hina l
lv ersi
onse x cep tDharmarak~a ' s ist o
maket h ef et
ush o llowa ndtomaket hen ineo rifi
cesa ppear.T ibetanV inay ac allst he
削hir222;τ;22:rczttrti;;:leJ34JJ;;:::mPIetesthef伽巴
山
dω
tω加u凶s w ind“ Horse-doing ," anamet
wher巴 it i ss aidt
hat1s
or巴gula riz巴 the sh a
i
p
mp
eo
lyc
ft
a
h
nn
ef
o
e
tu
tu
nder
sandt
sta
op
nd
u
.Finally , i
ti no rdert
nDharmarak~a ，
hatwhichi si n
a
ll versions 巴xc巴pがt fo
r Tohoku 5 7 agr巴E On t
he name, universal door,, (perhaps d 附 array ， itisc alled“ Putting ino rdert h
atw hi chisr u
ined."
samant，仰伽). Tohoku 57 , on 批 0伽 h肌 tran蜘S 悦 namedpis winda s lnsomeo t herweeks , thes ituationise venmorec onfus
ing .I nthei
rd es
c r i
ptionso f

湾出1313同盟諸話回f
t hcs e co ndwindi nW巴ek 12, a l
lv巴rsions c on t
ainwordsf orhair , althoug hsomeo ft hese
w ordsu su al
lyr efert obodyh air( rom a n)wh ileo the
rsr efe
rt oth eh airo ft hehead(kdα).
T i betanVinaya, Tohoku57 , Tohoku58 ， 組d Dharmarak~a a llu sewordsf orbodyhair ,
w hileI - chinga ndB odhiruciu set hewordf o rh eadhair.Perha psTohoku5 7andTohoku
f
ailtomntionawind)orgivenamest hatar
ediffemtfromt I
10SE
1 nthe 印刷凶昭白ur ~X u seth巴 Tibetan words pua typicall ytor efertoheadhair, or, i nsteadofb eingb a sedon
versions , whicha
gre
e.I
nth
esecas巴s， as int
hES
1 ob巴 relying
xabove , Bodhimci seemst I -chi
n ga n d Bodhiruci , respectively , theya r
eb asedo nT ibet a nV inay a. Yeta nother
uU起におf九口出1112232r:1112t;れよiおお:;: 1 10総 ibility i
l 侔 I -c hin
st hatt het ra
n s
lat
g and Bodhiruci , t
orshada
heye i
c
t
c
h
e
e
s
rt
st
r
oaS
ansla
a
t
n
s
e
kritm a
d from t
nus
h
cr
eS
ip
a
tt
ns
k
h
r
a
i
tr巴ad roman.As
t kesa , o rt hey
i n tcr
p retedromana sr e
ferringtoh巴ad h air.Itisv eryd i
ffic
ulttoknowwhath ash app ened
hじ rc. Perhaps , a s YamabeNobuyoshi s uggests( personal communication) , a l
lo ft he
w l lrd
sf orhair, w h ileu suallyu se ds pec
ific a
llyf ore ith
erbodyo rh e adhair , areon
o "c
l asio nu sedi nter c
h a
ng e
a b
ly.I nt hiscas巴， a l
lv ersionse xceptDharmarak~a e ss
entially
1
44 R
obe
rtKRITZER TheNameso
fWindsi
nth
eVa
rio
usV
ers
ion
soft
heG
arb
h縋a
kri
int
isr
a 1
45

agree .Dharmarak号a ， o ntheot he

rhand , cal
lst hew ind“ Abandoning bodyhair," w hilea l
l chmg's tr
ans
lati
on.I
11a
tl ea
stthi
s one s
ect
ionofthe Garbhdvokrantbdtra, which
theo therv ersionso ft h
enameseemt orefert ot h
ep roductio no fhair(“ Making body dps
cribe
si n deUHh38we?ksof tkd?velopmeqt o ft he fetus , thestribng
hair ,"“ Fastening hair ,"“Fastened h a
ir"
).Furthermore , noneo ft he
senam巴 s s e
e mst o dmgreementsktweenTibe
tanvmayapndIdungr e
gard
IngthEnamesofwindscamot
h avea ny thingtodow i ththef unc ti
ono fthewind , w h ichist op roducethejoint
sa ndt he bee x
plain
edinte巾S ofI d1
ing
'sb e
lnzac ond
ensedvemono fTib et anVinay aor
vita
lp ointsint hefetus
I
names , b
nmyf
utdiff
i
e
n
r
a
e
lexample , n
n
tT i betanK a
o
n
to
j u
n
rf
l
ydot
amil
iesa
hediff，巴rent v
lsod isa g
ree
e
.I
rsi
o
np r
n
e
sc
pa
o
r
n
i
t
n
ai
ntwod
gac riti
ca
i
f
le
f
d
e
i
r
t
e
n
i
o
t
n i号店;込者誤認11日:!iE恐iな721c;JZesifff;日::
o fT ibet anVinaya , 1h aveexaminedt hreeT shalp aeditions , th
reeThems pangsma
editions , andt heind ep en
dentPhugb ragm an us crip1.F orTohoku5 7a ndTohoku58 , 1
h avec o nsultedt heDerge , o nt heT shalp aside , a n dS togPalac巴， aTh ems pangsma REFERENCES
巴dition. A ccordingt ot heTsh alpa 巴ditions o fT ibe tanVinaya , suppo此.ed byt hePhug
b ra
gmanuscript, t henameo ft hewindi nWeek2 7is“ Medicine o fgreatquali
ties
."The
Busshok
aise
tsud
aijiten 仏書解説大商事典. 1 3v
ols.Edi
te
dbyOnoGenrnyõ 小野玄妙.
Dergee d itio
no fTohoku5 7a ndb othedit
ionso fTohoku5 8a gre e.Ont heotherhand , t
he
Thems p ail
smae ditio nsofT ibet anVinaya , I-ching , t
heS togP alaceediti
ono fTohoku Toky
o:Dai
t shuppansha , 1
933
-36
.
57, a ndB odhi
r ucicallt hew ind“ Crooked m ed icine."( Th
isp ort ionofthetextismiss ing HHakaziZL;Z ぉ:fz:tzrZ73f仰 向sho 日ition); 伽
PU
削t 肋加恥: 釘
O

inDharmarak~a.) Again, 1c annote xpl

aint heo r
igino ft h
etwod i
ffe
rentnameso rt hei
r
distr i
but i
“ Crooked m
onamongt
edicine
h eversions , butper
"wasstrange , and, bya
ha
dd
psaT
ingt h
ib etans crib eo re
eword“ great" wasa
di
b
t
l
o
rt
et
h
o
oc
u
h
g
a
h
n
tt
get
h
a
h
t
e
H一ue一ebOt2z
包;ム;一」ヰよ
よぷ
eJ
:tな;:立お
:2立む
品品;与弘ft芯
:Z 2;J立 Iお
j詑
品し可;凶2立ZrSO:
2 官忽 zぷb3訟;2ア♂伊e. 川
Toky卯0α:D巴叩削山
u凶t
m ean ingt oonet hatseemedb ettert ofi
tt hec ontext( 1owe 出is s ug
gestiontoYamabe Kr口it位Z巴rに， Rob巴r刊1.“Ga釘rbh直vakrãnt此tiおsüロit仕ra広: AComparisonoft
heC
ont
ent
sofTwoV
ers
ion
s."
N obu yos hi[p巴rsonal c ommun
ic atio n
]). 273tイ5227toru Damu 刷臥igaku K
iri
sut
oky BunkaKenky可O

Langerlberg, Amy-Lik?Worms Falli噌 from aF

oul
-sm
ell
ingS
ore
:th
eBu
ddh
istRhelori ー
IV Conclusions ザ Childbirth i n an E叫 MGhaJVGm swa PhD DmMatton C olumbi;
University , 2oo8
Att heb
diff，巴印刷 wind
eginningo ft
nameswoulds
hspaper, 1e
i
he
xp
dsom巴 light o
r es
se
nt
dt
h
h
eh
ehopet
istoryo
ha
ft
ta
h
ne
et e
x
x
t
a m inationo
.How巴ver ， 1am
ft h
e
Sm砧 ?2;z
謎掛 子ムニ:dJf;?:ぽ町立
5 mT1
日i」」忠此立口町町:立幻
r口J;z:土f1v
市川，;幻口立訪凱
;Z: ;z:ι???;泌忽似:2:
afr
aidt h a
titst
i l
lr emainsla rgelyam yster y
.
A fewthings , perhaps , a real ittlecl e ar
er.Certainlywec ans ayt h a
tt heS ans krit
勾ys汰k， Kenne
Z 陀et白hG “川
Th恥
1児e ScienceofRespiration 叫 the Doctrineoft
heB
odi
lyWindsi
n
te
xto nwhicht h eearli
esto fo urtranslations , Dharmarak~a's ， i
sb asediso f tenc o
mp let e
ly AncientII山 "Jopntold-I川町rican Ori側al Soc附 113 (閉め:問-213
d
B
i
o
f
f
d
e
h
i
r
r
e
n
u
tfrom t
c i'
siss a
h
i
eo
dt
n
ob
eo
eb
ro
a se
nest
dont
h
h
atu n
esamet
d
er l i
e
x
ea
ta
l
lo ft heo th e
rt r
sDharmaraksa's , h
a
i
n
sl
st
a
r
t
a
io
n
s
n
l
s
a
.A
tio
l
n
t
so
hou
ft
gh
he
-3J泣ZjLJ13mm品
windnamesa r eo ftenmuchc lose
rt ot hosef oundi nI-ching'
stranslation , an ditseemsa s
thoughh et urn edt oI-ching , per
h a
p swhenh ef ounde i
therh isS an
skritm an uscrip to r
Dharmar a
ksa'st ransla
tiond iffic
ulttou nders t and.
Asf orTohoku58 , i tg ener
allya g reesv eryclosel
yw it hBodhiruci , ofwhichi ti sa RESUMﾉ
tr
ansl
ati on.Occasionally , however , i
ta g reesw iththeo the
rTib巴tan t ransl a
tions( Tib eta
n
Vinayaa ndTohoku5 7)a ga
instb othB odh i ruc
ia ndI -ch
i n
g .Thisi n dicatest hatt h
e
t
v
r
e
a
n
r
s
s
i
l
a
o
t
no
o r
so
fth
fTohoku5
et e x
tfromw
8a
hi
l
c
s
owerel
hTibetanV
ook
i
i
n
n
ay
ga taS anskr
itm anu
awastranslated) , o
t
s
h
c
e
ri
rT
p
i
t(
be t
pr
a
obablyo ft h
e
ntranslations ,
:;:口ぷnzl;nit'J;ニα;?%222dtr;;!:J2:叩32ZJ;;a立
川uffrances phy叫ues e tm
ental
esqeI-et
reno
uvell
eEle
ntMAlorsquel aplupa口 des
orboth , anddi dn otrelyco m plete
lyonB odhi ruci'sC hineset ext. Il'羽田 iIIdleIIS t
rai
t?n
tdus
uje
td6cr
IVE
ntIEdtvel
opper
nen uf剖us mois 目ar mois , c
td e
Similarly , thetransla to
rsofTohoku57 , a l
thought heyc le
arlyfoll o wedtheg en era
l M Clefa--dsungu制 trente-huit s ema
ine.Desvents 削és d
s efonctiOJムpécif叩es
str
uctur eo fI -c hi
ng's text , sometimesp ref e r
redr eadingst hata reclo s e
rt o thos巴 of M
Iltm
enI
10I
III
ESp
ourv
lng
1-n
Euf
out
ren
ted
essemines-cetart凶 examine l
esnomsd
e
Tibe
tanV ina
y a.Again , th巴y musth av er el iedone itheraS a
nskri
tm a nuscripto ron tf?VCI削出 qu'ils apparaisse川ar山s d
ive
rse
sve
rsi
onsdu 附巴，削 trois 附u恥叫
削削
ctt“ion
Tibe
tanVinaya. 百le o ftenc onfu
singalignm巴nt o freadingss u
ggeststha tn oto nl ywas Vι11川11101
川 凶se白s e
t仕troωis 仕
traduct“ions t
ib騁a
in巴邸s (付don
凶lt deux par此ti廿r duchinoisり). S euleunei nf im e
the
remoret hano neS an
skri tv巴rsion oft hesutra , butthatthet rans
lato
rsd idn otrelyona lH 1 11icdud I r aes tdi spor ubledansdEss our ?e sE叩n l
ang
uesin吋di民e叩nn町
les (付de白s fragmentsd'l、
'町旧
un
lß
sin
gleS anskr
i to rC hineset e
xt
. Rather , th e yseemt oh av eb eenf a
mi l i
arw itho ther ν ピω』川.刊
M討削lon 巴ntωocharien s on t巴ncour陀s d'édit臼IOn p arG.
-J.Pinau叫It). L ' i dentificati
one tl a
tra
nsla
t i o
nsa ndp erhapsh ada c
cesstomore 出an o neS ans
kritv e
rsionof 出巴 tex1. n'l・《 HEStruction d e snomsd esv e
ntsn'es
tp a sdoncp asc
ho s ea i
Ste.
Finally , th巴re i
st heq uest
iono ft her elati
onshipb et we enTibetanV inayaa nd1 -
 (
now
ind
) I (noWInd) 1 (nowind)(now
ind
)

遍}積
2 r一一一 kunsdud 遍燭 kunturegpa
J _1 _ !司会~ ~~~、，Jn A
Il-
uni
tin
g A
Il-
tou
chl
I1g I A
.
.
l.
L.
t
o_
--
u
c_
.
h_
in"
g I
com
pA
le
lt
-in
g

3
隷口 mdzodka

…op叫 刀鞘口 2 聾門

lshcathop巴nH1
mdzods
go mdzodka
3 Idev巴lopsEmoryo， IUIIIS I T y ￨
glTmsw
T
rea
su
O戸問
r
nmEmn
Tr巴asury
p
em mng

掻取 r
abt
uby巴d
4 r 一一一J 斗hdnMn nai'
I dre
np a 内関5 Irabtubyedpa 飲食
i此 d
DrawingInw
ard 11ti￨￨Explanatm
I
Inn
erexplanationlreceive GathcraMpa
Exp
l ana
tlo I
n DnnkaOe
n ea
t
a
yand agpar
ya白 dag p
arsdud 揖持 dud
us
kunt d
ud 掻持 pa s pa 導御
5 I
ofshoulders , tmgns，副EU1All-unitinE Ga
the
randh
old Correct lumtmg G
y a
the
r'
Aand CO
HTT
ne
1
-
uc
nt
l
Ey Gu
iding
(Guiding?)u-iu UHUH

1R evol
ving?
2D ergekha.
, StogandDerge.
: tf::;:!;;;;??;:::::zIC:;口::i-d叫内開
ミ~~士官官町士民三三芝、 'ど羽:s \ '~51 0!i壬 0! 出è GL; rbnG~. :r
J
. J
nn5
itt
r
{i

r
gyachenpo 贋大 r
gyac
henpo 飯 za
s 7}く
6 Uoweroa口s o
ftearms I
h
Vast V
ast Vast Food Food Water

'
khy
ilb
ar
kuntusgyu
rba 旋事事 6 旋樽 週鱒
7 pa
L~~~~ 日u.ó山山L.I...l""

Tuming R
evo
lvi
ng g C au
s in
gt o
Causi
ngtotwit R
s ev
olvin Tuming
tWIS
t
bzlogcm

…
b
zlogciI
ibsgyur 翻車専 sgyurba r
砲事事 退車事
yo
Iissus
gyurba b
arbyedp a Rev
ersig byedp
n a
8 lご UU~~~ ~'ó" ~ ~. ..山

Tuming
Tran
sform
ing IR ing and Reversin
gand and Rev巴rsing
tr
ansf
ormi n
g trans
formi
ng t and b
a ckw
ards
r
ansfo
rming
tr
ansfor
mi r
mamp ar

1
￨ 分散 m叩 分散
9 'bydpa 1 (
e noname)
IJV ~ ， V L4 IU ，且 .~~ν ， ......，.山昌

D
isp
ers
ing S
epa
rat
ing D
isp
ers
ing S
epa
rati
ng
sr
ab arbyed
b
rtanpa 堅鞭 s
rab a
rbyedpa 堅鞭 痩7短
pa
Firm Firm Makingfi
rm
Firm 加lakingfi Sh
ort
rm
kunn a
ss ky
eba 普門 kunn assgo
kunnass
go 普門
ansmg U
nivers
al U ni
versal
U
niver
saldoo
r U
niv
ersaldo
or U
niv
ersaldo
or
e
ve ryw
here do
or door

6S
log'k
hyi
lba.
a
l
7 τnete
matereading 燈 is p
rob
abl
ybe
tt
er
8A
ccor
dingtoT.317 , t
iarran
gesth
ebo
dyoft
hef
et
us
.
 RobertKRITZER
1
50

'b
rigdo白 驚牛面 円
'b
rigdo
il 髭牛菌
'
bri
'ig
doi
l Yakface Yakf
ace
Yakface Yakf
ace
Yakface Hairwipemouth

d
rimamedpa 無垢 d
rimamedpa
Withoutf
ilt
h
大堅強
Great
b
rta
npa
gy山
I
Becom ng
l 大堅強
Greatfirmness
リlithout f
ilt
h Withoutf
ilt
h firmness firm

not ロlentlO n a

ニロム::Jf%f 古2;官EU23;sr;なニtむ:工tz;つ;:?iJJJ日ぶ;fJLZ:::;::;;;1;e422;:;:;1;zshz:::JZニ;:::;
o
the
ritems, a
lthou
ghTohoku58ad
ds“etc・" a
ft
ere a
rsa ndn ose.
1
91follo
wH uebo
tterinac
cept
ingt
heal
t ematereading 難 for 耗(1 6)・
2
0T.310n.13a ndT o
hOK115
8sayt
hati
tmakest h
eS EnseoTEamg radu a
llycomplete, as w
ell

Iw~.r__ .-::Jr.- ,- .,-..

'-~ー 一」 ι4

s
raba 堅固 s
intubr
tanpa 堅固 6intumba| 口 21 [問22
Sol
id S
oli
d Verysol
id S
oli
d Verys
oli
d I Hard?

y
aildag
kuntu' by
uilba 生起 y
a i
ldagskyedpa 生起 所有
Arising Arising Correcta
ris
ing Arising Correct E
nti
re
an:

yonss
u
y
oilssur gyalba
浮流 浮流 rω
Completely
sWlmmmg D
rif
tin
g vlctonous D
rif
tin
g I
Completely Surpassese
vil
vlctonous
(?
)24

sudagpar
yo白 s y
oil
ssud昭| 針孔清浄
g
tsan'dz
in 浮持 F手持
'd
zinpa
Holdcl
eanly Holdc
lea
nly Hold
Holdclea
nly

yo白s su'phyoba I 滋漫 kunt u'phyoba

Completely
持雲
Holding
Is山Z
IHolding
Completelyfloati時 Increasingly
overflowing f
loatin
g 111
ClOU
d
QS clouds Holdmgf
ast

21 百le f
ir
stcha
racterise quivalentto 硬 hard
2The rei
sn ofo
ntavailabl巴 for Ih
isc ha
ract
er :disp laye
dint hebra
cketsa ret wocompo
ne n
tsoft hewholechar
act
er
.Thisisnotf
oundinanydi
cti
ona
rie
s.
2
3A c
c ord
ingtoT. 317 , i
tenablesthef e
tustop rod u c
espe巴ch.
2
4Thi sr ea
ding目 found i nth巴 London manuscript , t
beNartba n
gblockprint, a
ndtbeStogPal
ac emanu
script
2
5A ccordin
gtoT.1451 , i tmakest heskinb ri
ghta ndhappy;a cc
ordingt oTohoku5 7a ndTohoku58, itstr
etc
hesandcol
orsth
eskin;ac
cord
ing10T.31
0n.13 , i
t
m akest h
eskinobtainu n
iformitya ndab r
ightcolor, a n
dbecomel ustro
us;a ccor
din
gtoT.317 , i
tst
ret
che
so u
ttheski
na n
dmakesiteven
 RobertKRITZER
1
48

疏通(疎通)
金剛 I rdo 中 Orderis
rt
abyed IAdamantme
1
1 Horse-doing P
ene
tra
te Adamantmel d
estroy
ed

柱穂
P
ill
art
urn
s

幽口 yonp o
'isgo 膚面 11
yonpo'
isgo 曲口 Iyonpo'isgo Crooked Crooked
Crookedopening
I
pemngl
Crookedopening
openmg opemng
Skinf
ace

330joi
ntsandI spubrgyuspa
1
3
I 穿髪 棄毛
Abandoning
01vit凶
al p
oint
sir Fastened(?
)body
lロ2 I Making加
b od
匂 yh
加 ai仕r (
?)h
air
l hai
r bodyhair

9 A
cco
rdi
ngtoT・ 317 ， it 時u1arizes 白山pe of 耐 fetus a
ndp
u nor加伽twh凶 is i
tsi ndi
sar
ray
ﾓa
I l
!
-i
nd;
bte
dtoK
ara
shi
maS
eis
hif
ort
hi
sin
ter
pre
tatlOn
.

:;1:2ZBrit11ZZ;ニ:t!? 忠?:JJrぷd 油叫
i1e 舵叩
ω
ac∞吋吋蜘叫
m叫g刊山ωto山T 山 山dT百oh加okuω5兜8 批叩吋悦加r 目M
凶3刀巾
却
20O. 吋A 叩吋吋dωin叩
n
pro
百du叫にe回s 白Eωngue ， ope叩ns ぬ
the直 eye回s， andproduc四 1
00joints , w
hic
hde
ve1
0pi
nt
o11 ,000
1
3 S
togspubabrgyusp
a.
山 4 Sωg
1 s
pub
rgyuPr:~ 一ー』ー-占E・----ー圃歯固圃圃圃幽圃圃圃岨園出圃圃歯固圃幽圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃圃
E・E・-圃圃圃園田園園田園園田園園田司哩.4f_ ，<;i L司曹~::m~ Yr云~ Y~.
.
.
.1C5co:まふ五円W"'".;-" ..;"c-;7.二 5J:r:
.

bkressi
Ii
.
skompar 作飢渇
byedpa (Nowindi s
(Windi
sntnamed) ~o bet
o h s~o bet
esamea h sI
esamea
Making Making mentioned)
hungryand hungryand
hi
rsl

skudpa'
isgo skudpa'
ikha 線口 |汰い
Th Thread I Thread
readopening Th
redopening Th
a readopening opemng 百read 0戸nmg
openmg

padma 蓮花 padma 蓮花 padma 紅蓮花 1 6

Lotus Lotus Lotus Lotus Lotus Redl
otu
s

mi'chiba 甘露行 '

bdud 目sigr
oba 甘露 bdud 口SI 無量
lmmortal Nectarflows Nectarf
lows Nectar Nectar Unlimited

1
5 900a cco rdin
gtoTibe ta
nVinaya, T.3 1
0n.13 , a
ndToh
ok u5
8;10∞ according t
oT.14
51andToh
oku5 7; 9∞，0∞ according t
oT.317.
1 6 羽田 textgive
saseco ndnameaswel1 : 波昼 Wave c l
oud
ロ T. 1451 , T
ohoku57 , T.31
0n.13 , a
ndT oh
oku5 8al
sosayth
ati
tremoveso bst
ac1e
sinth
ere
spi
rat
orysystem , w
hil
eT.3 10n .1
3andTohok
u58d
ono
tmention 出e
digest
ives yst
em.
 1
52 RobertKRITZER

khyer' j
ig
Destroyingthe 持城 I~山
巴nclosures S
ei
ez
lﾏ
zn
!
m!the c句白山
g .
ty h ld ・
cny 1 c
ity _
1 nOlQmg
skyeba
skyebaI
l1
ﾌlonpar
nmonpar
伽snotmentiona| 生成 生成 (windnot
wind) Production Completionof Production Completion named)
bir
th
ofbi抗h

sman
smanyon smanyon
smanyon yonchen sman
chenpo p02
9 曲集 幽薬 chenpo
yonp03 1
M;~~0E;Ofl
(portion
恥iedicine Crooked b
fePd
0i3
c
oI
Il
ECrooked Crooked
Crooked missing)
ofgre
at medicine gr
eat
medicine ofgreatImedicine medicine
q
ual
ities q
ual
iti
es3
2
qualit
ies

(nowind) (nowind) (nowind) (nowind) (nowind) I (nowind)

2
6A cco r
dingtoT.1451 , t
hewindemiche st ef
h 1eshandbloo
d;a c
cordingt oT.3 1
0n.1, i
tenlar
gesandgra
dua
llyenr
ich
esth
ef l
esha
ndb
loo
d;a
cco
rdi
ngt
oTohoku
te
58 , i nlarg
esandgradu al
1ypur
ifi
esthef1esha ndbloo
d;accordi
ngtoT.317 , i
tclean
sesth
efleshandmakesi
tsmoothandl
ust
rou
s
27S togs k
yebamiwnpar' grubpa
甜 According toT.310n.1 3andTohoku58 , t
h ew i
n dcau
sesthesig
nsoft heb odyofthef
etu
st ogra
dua
llybecompl
eted
9Thi
2 sr e
adingi
sfoundi ntheLondonm釦uscnpt， 出e N arthan
gblockprint, a
ndtheStogPal
acemanusc
ript
泊 四is r e
adingi
sfoundi ntheDergebl凹kprint.
Jl 百世 s re
adingi
sfoundi ntheStogPala
c ema nuscript
32Thi sr e
adingi
sfoundi ntheDergeblockprint 釦d theStogPala
cemanus cript

T
.31
7
髄川町一
中 ・
問自
日
mm 一
hu

w一
一

(nowind)

(
seebelow)

何36所垂趣

Facingdown

?
ア
3f
3可Tη
百恥
司1五1碍er陀e お
is 如
arn a
l
,. Tohoku58 叩叫tI附he wi山l削 the fetusturnover

36:::ニ:ニコ::ロ:h:::::;::;;士;:fJ:;:Jhe namepr叫 should beCi山lãtulufzga-see Hirakawa 制