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  • ECE 316 Lecture 6E Hydro Generation Reaction Turbines 2022

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    AbdulHai3 Sahir3
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    This document discusses reaction turbines for hydroelectric generation. It describes the key parts of Francis and Kaplan turbines, which are fully immersed in water. Bernoulli's principle states that the total energy before and after the turbine blades must be equal. For reaction turbines, the pressure drop across the blades provides the energy used to power the generator, since the water velocity remains nearly constant. Francis turbines are best for high head applications while Kaplan turbines work well for low head hydro sites.

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    Power Systems 316

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    ECE+316+Lecture+6E+Hydro+Generation+Reaction+Turbines+2022

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    This document discusses reaction turbines for hydroelectric generation. It describes the key parts of Francis and Kaplan turbines, which are fully immersed in water. Bernoulli's principle states that the total energy before and after the turbine blades must be equal. For reaction turbines, the pressure drop across the blades provides the energy used to power the generator, since the water velocity remains nearly constant. Francis turbines are best for high head applications while Kaplan turbines work well for low head hydro sites.

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    14 views13 pages

    ECE 316 Lecture 6E Hydro Generation Reaction Turbines 2022

    Uploaded by

    AbdulHai3 Sahir3
    This document discusses reaction turbines for hydroelectric generation. It describes the key parts of Francis and Kaplan turbines, which are fully immersed in water. Bernoulli's principle states that the total energy before and after the turbine blades must be equal. For reaction turbines, the pressure drop across the blades provides the energy used to power the generator, since the water velocity remains nearly constant. Francis turbines are best for high head applications while Kaplan turbines work well for low head hydro sites.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    Lecture 6E:

    Hydro Generation
    Reaction Turbines
    ECE 316 Introduction to Electric Energy Systems
    Fall Term 2022
    Things to Remember
    • Parts of a reaction turbine
    • Bernoulli’s Principle
    • Potential Energy Explanation

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 2


    Terms
    • Reaction Turbines
    • Francis Turbine
    • Kaplan Turbine

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 3


    Reaction Turbine (Francis)

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 4


    Francis Turbine
    • Immersed completely in water.
    • Water flows into the turbine, through the blades and exits through the
    center of the turbine.

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 5


    Francis Turbine Physics

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 6


    Francis Turbine

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 7


    Reaction Turbine
    (Kaplan Turbine)
    for
    Low head

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 8


    Kaplan Turbine Physics

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 9


    Theory Behind Reaction Turbine
    • Bernouli’s principal (conservation of energy)

    “The energy in the water just before the blades is equal to the energy of
    water just after the blades plus the energy captured by the blades.”

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 10


    Reaction Turbine
    • The turbine is immersed in water
    • Hence, the energy components are both potential
    and kinetic.

    Pr is the water pressure per unit area (N/m2)


    PE  Pr vol
    vol is the volume of water (m3)

    1 m is the water mass (kg)


    KE  m v 2
    2 v is the water velocity (m/s)

    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 11


    Energy in Moving Water
    Just before the blades Just after the blades
    1 1
    E1  Pr1 vol  m v12 E2  Pr 2 vol  m v22
    2 2

    Eblade  E1  E2

    vol  m v12  v22 


    1
    Eblade  Pr1  Pr 2 
    2
    Pressure energy Kinetic energy
    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 12
    KE is small
    • Since the turbine is fully immersed in water, the
    velocity of water is almost constant and small
    • Hence,
    Eblade  Pr1  Pr 2  vol

    • The pressure of water on the other side of the


    blade is very small.
    • Hence,
    Eblade  Pr1 vol

    vol
    Pblade  Pr1  Pr1 f
    t
    ECE 316: Introduction to Electrical Energy Systems 2022 13

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