Zulfa Sakhiyya & Nelly Martin-Anatias (2020): Reviving the language at risk: a social semiotic

analysis of the linguistic landscape of three cities in Indonesia, International Journal of

Multilingualism, DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2020.1850737
Introduction In this sentence, the writer
Paragraph 1
With over 280 million people and Presents the general information or general
approximately 700 spoken local languages, subject area to a particular topic and
Indonesia is certainly one of the most establishes the importance of this research
topic.
multilingual nations in the world.
Despite this remarkable language diversity, Presents the important of this research topic to
Indonesia is in favour of monolingualism. support the first sentence.
Local languages are currently endangered The writer presents the important of this
(Cohn & Ravindranath, 2014; Ravindranath & research topic in depth and uses research
Cohn, 2014) as a consequence of the imposition references to support the general information
and claim for the significance.
of the ‘made-up’ national language, Bahasa
Indonesia (Indonesian language; hereafter
Bahasa Indonesia).
Since Indonesia gained its independence in The writer presents the importance of this
1945, the National Constitution has mentioned research topic in depth to support the sentence
and secured Bahasa Indonesia as the only 1,2, and 3.
national language.

Paragraph 2
Throughout the paper, we will show that while The writer presents the phenomenon that is
national language policies via the Bahasa leading to the current research focus using
Indonesia imposition in the last two centuries research references.
have succeeded in unifying the archipelago’s
linguistic heterogeneity (Errington, 1992 ), thus
seemingly homogenising the multilingual
nation, there is a growing number of the middle
class who perceive English as an important
international language (Lie, 2007; Tanu, 2014).
This shifting linguistic attitude has yielded a The writer provides specific phenomenon to
new trend of linguistic diversification. support the research focus.

This shift can be seen from the changes of the
linguistic landscape displayed in Indonesian
cities, which is the focus of the current study.
To this end, we build upon Pavlenko’s (2009)
insights on the diachronic nature of linguistic
landscape across time, as well as Jaworski’s
(2015) study on the recognition of a new visual-
linguistic register.
More specifically, by using a social semiotic
approach, we are going to look at the tension
The writer does the same as earlier sentences
which provides the specific phenomenon to
support the research focus.
The writer presents the theory that used in this
study. There are 2 theories used to guide this
study.
The writer presents the research approach and
this research approach will produce new
between the micro-language policy (the knowledge and deepen understanding of a
personal and individual language choice rights) topic and issue in this research.
and the
macro-language policy in Indonesia.
Indonesia has a complex historical, political and The writer provides the objectives of this
economic background and this study will study or it can be said what this study is
explore the forces and drives behind the trying to achieve.
moulding of the Indonesian linguistic
landscape.
Paragraph 3
To explore the tension between language policy The writer announces the beginning or the
and individual language behaviours or choices, first part of this study.
this paper begins with the review of the relevant
studies followed by a description of the method
adopted for this study.
In this section, we also discuss the most The writer announces the relevant studies to
relevant studies in linguistic landscape to show the conceptual framework of this study.
showcase the conceptual framework adopted in
our study.
Linguistic landscape in Indonesia is under- The writer provides the gap of this study.
researched, so to do this, we need to historically
trace the language policies that govern the use
of language in public spaces.
In the methodology section, we explain the data The writer provides a brief methodology.
collection process and we also discuss the
semiotics and interpretive and discourse
analysis that we use when approaching the data,
i.e. language use on multilingual signs.
We then describe and explain our research The writer provides the findings of this study.
findings and argue that the emerging patterns of
linguistic landscape are a result of contingent
interaction between multiple factors, including
national government policies, regional/local
policies and market forces.
The public signs highlight the importance of the The writer provides the supporting evidence
visibility of minority languages and the impact of the findings part using research reference.
of language policies on the linguistic landscape
(Mezgec, 2016).
The private signs are market-oriented in the The writer does the same as the earlier
sense that the choices made about displaying sentence which provides the supporting
specific languages do not necessarily evidence of the findings part using research
reference.
correspond
with the languages used daily (Shohamy, 2015).